the added polycation is present in a large excess. A few instances are known where the roles of polycations and polyanions are reversed. Pepsin and cytochrome oxidase are inhibited by polycations, whereas certain polyanions may counteract the inhibition, and may even enhance the activity. Polycations also abolish the activating effect of heparin on lipo
protein lipase and, thus, produce inhibition of this enzyme.
In at least two enzyme systems, the inhibition by macromolecular poly
anions has been found to be due to a sequestration of polycationic acti
vators of the enzymes, rather than to a direct interaction between enzyme and polyanion. The activity of hyaluronidase and ^-glucuronidase is subject to a sequence of events. These two enzymes dissociate upon dilution into inactive components, their dissociation is reversed by poly
cations which thus reactivate the dilute enzymes, and they lose their activity again through the addition of polyanions which offset the action of the polycations by complex formation. Present and future research will show whether this mechanism applies to a larger number of enzyme systems.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Some of the work published in this review has been supported in part by Research Grants RG-5664 and H-3850 from the National Institutes of Health, U. S. Public Health Service, and G 13257 and 23772 from the National Science Foundation.
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