1 Henri Nathansen, Georg Brandes. Et Portrœt, Copenhagen 1929, p. 21.
2 Ibid.
3 See e.g. Bertil Nolin, Den gode europén: Studier i Georg Brandes' idéutveckling 1871-1893, Stockholm 1965. Helmut Grasshoff, "Georg Brandes über die russische und polnische Literatur"; Monica Partridge, "The activist critic and some Russian activists"; Zenon Ciesielski, "Brandes and Poland", The Activist Critic, Orbis Litteratum, Supplement no. 5.
Copenhagen 1980.
4 Georg Brandes, Levned (Life), Copenhagen 1980.
5 See J0rgen Knudsen, Georg Brandes, Frig0relsens vej. 1842- 1877, Copenhagen 1982, p. 401.
6 Nils Âke Nilsson, "Us and Them. Virginia Woolf and Russian Literature", We and They. National Identity as a Theme in Slavic Cultures, Copenhagen University's Slaviske Studier 11, Copenhagen 1984, p. 215.
7 See Lene Tybjaerg Schacke, "The ugly European? Georg Brandes as seen by the St. Petersburg Press", We and They, op.cit., p. 120.
8 Zsuzsanna Bj0rn Andersen, Georg Brandes et la Belgique, Brussels 1990, pp. 49-68.
9 Georg Brandes, Levned, op.cit. 1, p. 106.
10 Georg Brandes, Samlede Skrifter (Collected Works) (henceforth SS), 10, Copenhagen 1902, pp. 84-85.
11 Budapesti Napló (Budapest Daily Newspaper), 30.3. 1900, p. 8 (Vilmos Huszár).
12 Georg Brandes to Sándor Fischer, 15.10. 1888, MTA.
13 Sándor Fischer, Petőfi's Leben und Werke, Leipzig 1889.
14 Georg Brandes to Sándor Fischer, op.cit.
15 In Hungarian Iciegyezés', in German 'Ausgleich', it became law by parliamentary decree under Section XII in 1867.
16 The so-called 'common concerns', in Hungarian 'közös ügy'.
17 Sec Peter Hanák's account in Magyarország a monarchiában (Hungary in the Monarchy), Budapest 1975, pp. 159-221.
18 Péter Hanák, op.cit., p. 350.
19 Dominicus Kosáry, Ungerns história, Stockholm 1944, p. 203.
20 See Péter Hanák, op.cit., p. 370; Béla G. Németh, A magyar irodalomkritikai gondolkodás a pozitivizmus korában (Literary Critical Thought in Hungary in the Age of Positivism), Budapest 1981, p. 48; Antal Szerb, Magyar irodalomtörténet (Hungarian Literary History) (1934), Budapest 1958, p. 456.
21 Béla G. Németh, op.cit., p. 31.
22 Endre Kiss, A világnézet kora (The Epoch of the World-Wide Outlook), Budapest 1982, p. 10.
23 The Tati er, 12.4. 1709, p. 1.
24 Georg Brandes, Levned, op.cit., 2, p. 78.
25 László Névy, "Néhány szó a 'Közlöny' érdekében" (A Few Words in Favour of 'Communications'), Az Orgszágos Középtanodai Tanáregylet Közlönye, 1872-73, 6, 2, p. 58.
26 Ibid., p. 59.
27 Ibid., p. 60.
28 László Névy, "Külföldi irodalom" (Foreign Literature), Az Országos Középtanodai Tanáregylet Közlönye, 1873, 6, 3, p. 125.
29 Ibid.
35 Brandes often stayed with the Strodtmann family in Steglitz, near Berlin; he later (29.7. 1876) married Strodtmann's young wife, Henriette.
36 See: Alken Bruns, Übersetzung als Rezeption, Skandinavische Studien, 1977, 8, pp. 106ff.
37 László Névy, "Az emigráns irodalom" (Emigrant Literature), Figyelő, 1873, 7, p. 76.
3$ Ibid., p. 91.
39 Sándor Endrődi, "Egyéni nézetek" (Personal Views), Figyelő, 1872, 2, p. 301.
40 See József Harrach, "Nemzetiség a zenében" (Nationality in Music), Figyelő, 1872, 2, p. 441 ff.
41 Sándor Endrődi, "Zűrzavarban" (In the Confusion), Figyelő, 1874, 4, p. 14.
42 See Sándor Endrődi, "Nemzeti jelleg" (National Character), Figyelő, 1875,5, pp. 14 ff.
43 Cited from: Klaus Bohnen, Brandes und die "Deutsche Rundschau", Copenhagen/Munich 1980, p. 30.
44 Ibid., p. 33.
45 Deutsche Rundschau had 166 subscribers in Budapest between 1878 and 1888. This number was by no means inconsiderable compared with London (135), Cologne (145) and Hamburg (275). See Klaus Bohnen, op.cit., p. 83.
46 Georg Brandes, SS, 12, p. 189.
47 József Diner-Dénes to Georg Brandes, 5.11. 1890, Brandes Archive.
48 Ibid.
49 Ibid.
50 Ibid.
51 Ibid.
52 Rien T. Segers, "Readers, Text and Author: Some Implications of Rezeptionsästhetik", Yearbook of Comparative and General Literature, 1975,24, p. 15.
53 József Diner-Dénes to Georg Brandes, 5.11. 1890, Brandes Archive.
54 Endre Kiss, A világnézet kora, op.citp. 19.
55 Georg Brandes to József Diner-Dénes, 18.11. 1890, MTA.
56 József Diner-Dénes to Georg Brandes, 5.11. 1890, Brandes Archive.
57 Georg Brandes to József Diner-Dénes, 18.11. 1890, MTA.
58 Gábor Zsigmond, "Katona Lajos és az Élet köre" (Lajos Katona and the Élet Circle), Valóság (Reality), 1976,9, p. 76.
59 A Doll's House was performed on 20 April 1891. Cf. reports in Michael Meyer, Henrik Ibsen. En biografi, 1971, pp. 669-70.
60 Albert Apponyi (1846-1933), Conservative politician, member of the Kisfaludy Society and the Academy of Science.
61 Géza Zichy, Count (1848-1924), pianist, composer and writer.
Member of the Academy of Science, the Kisfaludy Society and the Petőfi Society. Manager of the Opera House.
62 Ede Paulay (1836-94), director and artistic manager of the National Theatre. Member of the Kisfaludy Society.
63 Ferenc Pulszky (1814-97), politician, archaeologist and art historian.
Followed Lajos Kossuth into exile after the suppression of the 1848 Revolution. Returned home in 1866. Director of the National Museum.
Member of the Kisfaludy Society and one of the founders of the Petőfi Society. The Younger Pulszky is his son, Károly (1853-99). Among other things, he was director of Országos Képtár (the regional gallery).
64 Lajos Katona to Antal Hermann, undated (April 1891), EK.
65 The law about compulsory civil marriage was passed in 1894. From then onwards, mixed marriages became possible.
66 Endre Kiss, op.cit., p. 12.
61 Élet, 1891, 1, p. 3.
68 Ibid., p. 4.
69 Cf. letter from Mari Jászai to Georg Brandes, 26.10. 1900: "Natürlich habe ich noch vier andere Bücher von Ihnen, geliebter Meister, Polen habe ich noch vor Shakespeare gelesen, wie lebendig, klar ohne alle unerträgliche
Sentimentalität."
70 Brandes György, "Lengyelország romantikus irodalmából" (from:
"Poland's Romantic Literature"), Élet 1891, 1, p. 5. (Translated from: Georg Brandes, SS, 10, p. 241.)
71 Ibid., p. 11; (p. 248).
72 Ibid., p. 15; (p. 253).
73 Ibid., p. 16; (pp. 253-54).
74 Ibid., p. 16; (p. 254).
75 József Diner-Dénes to Georg Brandes, 12.12. 1890, Brandes Archive.
76 József Diner-Dénes to Georg Brandes, 5.11. 1890, Brandes Archive.
77 Endre Kiss, op.cit., p. 39.
78 Ibid.
79 József Diner-Dénes to Georg Brandes, 3.1. 1891, Brandes Archive.
80 József Diner-Dénes, "Friedrich Nietzsche", Vergangenheit und Zukunft. Studien und Eindrücke, Berlin 1896, p. 56.
81 Ibid., p. 59.
82 Ibid., p. 63.
83 Ibid., p. 74.
84 Ibid., p. 63.
85 József Diner-Dénes to Georg Brandes, 12.12. 1890, Brandes Archive.
86 Ibid.
87 Ibid. He is referring to Brandes' study in Deutsche Rundschau, 63, pp.
52-89.
88 Ibid.
89 Georg Brandes, "Friedrich Nietzsche", SS, 7, p. 601.
90 József Diner-Denés, Vergangenheit und Zukunft, op.citp. 9.
91 Ibid., p. 11.
92 Ibid.
93 Georg Brandes, "Det store Menneske, Kulturens Kilde" (The Great Individual, the Source of Culture), SS, 12, p. 21.
94 Ibid., p. 22.
95 József Diner-Dénes, op.cit., p. 35.
96 Correspondance de Georg Brandes. Lettres choisies et annotées par Paul Krüger, 1-4 (henceforth: Correspondance), Copenhagen 1952-56, 3, p.
439.
97 József Diner-Dénes to Georg Brandes, 3.1. 1891, Brandes Archive.
98 Ibid.
99 József Diner-Dénes, "Georg Brandes", op.cit., p. 121.
100 József Diner-Dénes to Georg Brandes, 26.2. 1897, Brandes Archive.
101 József Diner-Dénes, "Georg Brandes", op.cit., p. 134.
102 József Diner-Dénes to Georg Brandes, 26.2. 1897, Brandes Archive.
103 Georg Brandes to Paul Heyse, 17.10. 1881. Cited from: J0rgen Knudsen, Georg Brandes. I modsigelsernes tegn. 1877-1883, Copenhagen
1988, p. 221.
Ich finde, dass es grosse Armuth unserer Litteratur ist, dass gar keine Übersetzung aus Ihren Werken existirt.
Zsombor Szász to Georg Brandes Ail Hungarians hope that I will write about them.
The hospitality here is lavish, but it is rather tiresome never to be left alone. T h e newspapers report every single word that I say in private and numerous articles have already been written about me.
Georg Brandes to Herman Cohen Brandes
CHAPTER 3