A JELENLEGI HELYZET

1.3. A JELENLEGI HELYZET

$GRWW WiUVDGDOPL HQWLWiVQDN OHJ\HQ EiUPLO\HQ JD]GDJ LV DQ\DJL pUWHOHPEHQmindig szembe kellQp]QLHazHUĘIRUUiVRN REMHNWtYvagy YpOW V]ĦN|VVpJpYHO DPHO\ D MDYDN IHOHWWL HOOHQĘU]pVpUW IRO\WDWRWW EpNpVvagyHUĘV]DNRVkonfliktusokkalMiU. AzHQWLWiVRN PĦN|GWHWpVH W|UWpQHWLOHJ Dpoliteia YiOWR]DWRV IRUPiLW KR]WD OpWUH D W|U]VHNWĘO D YiURViOODPRNRQ iW D QHP]HWiOODPRNLJ⁴² $ WiUVDGDOPL HQWLWiVRN iOOyNpSHVVpJpQHN SUyEiMD EHOVĘ YDJ\ NOVĘ NLKtYiVRNUD DGRWW YiODV]EDQ WiUXO IHO 1RUPDQ 'DYLHV ~J\ WDOiOWD KRJ\ D SROLWLNDL N|]|VVpJHNIHOERPOiViQDNIRO\DPDWiWÄNOVĘQ\RPiVLVHUĘVtWKHWL«

de a G|QWĘ mozzanat a N|]SRQW NDWDV]WURIiOLV PĦN|-GpVL KLiQ\RVViJDLEDQ rejlik; YiNXXP keletkezik, az DONRWyHOHPHN

NpVĘEEL HJ\pQHN LV pOKHVVHQHN XJ\DQD]RQ MRJRNNDO (]pUW D MRJRN QLQFVHQHN EL]-WRQViJEDQDPHQQ\LEHQD]HJ\pQLMRJRNDN|]|VVpJURYiViUDHOĘQ\EHQUpV]HVOQHN´

(Taylor, 1992, pp. í

5REHUW3*HRUJHV]HULQWDPpOWiQ\RVWiUVDGDOPDWDN|YHWNH]ĘYRQiVRNjellemzik: Äaz HPEHULV]HPpO\D]HJ\pQpVPpOWyViJiQDNWLV]WHOHWHDFVDOiGLQWp]PpQ\HDWLV]WHV-VpJHVpVKDWpNRQ\MRJ- pVNRUPiQ\]DWLUHQGV]HU´GLQDPL]iOYDÄDNXWDWiVpVRNWDWiVLQ-Wp]PpQ\HLpVD]]OHWLpVKDVRQOyYiOODONR]iVRNiOWDO´(George, 2013, pp. 3±8., 82±

84.)

/iVG PpJ: Taylor (1989; 1991), MacIntyre (1999), Ricoeur (1986).

A politikaiILOR]yILiQ W~O PiV WiUVDGDORPWXGRPiQ\RNisNtQiOQDN DOWHUQDWtYiWaIĘiUDP~

PHWRGROyJLDL LQGLYLGXDOL]PXVUD pSOĘ pUWHOPH]pVHNKH] $ V]RFLROyJLiEDQ 3ROiQ\L >@ pV *UDQRYHWWHU EHYH]HWWH D ÄEHiJ\D]RWWViJ´ HPEHGGHGQHVV NRQFHSFLyMiWDPHO\DWiUVDVNDSFVRODWRNpVDWiUVDGDORPJD]GDViJLLQWp]PpQ\HNIRQ-WRVVViJiW KDQJV~O\R]]D

42$ NO|QE|]Ę IRUPiN WHUPpV]HWH pV V]HUYH]pVL DODSHOYH HOWpU HJ\PiVWyO 0iV D YiURViOODPRWMHOOHP]ĘN|]YHWOHQQ\LOYiQRVYLWDKiERU~VNRGiVV]DEDGViJpVWHNLQWpO\

GLQDPL]PXVD PLQW D ELURGDOPDW MHOOHP]Ę NDWRQDL HUĘ EpNH W|UYpQ\HN XUDOPD, a tulajdonEL]WRQViJD pVaNRUOiWR]RWW V]DEDGViJ iOODSRWD pV PLQGNHWWĘWĘO HOWpUa modern HJ\UH YHJ\HVHEE QpSHVVpJĦ QHP]HWiOODPRNEDQ PHJWHVWHVOĘ NpSYLVHOHWL GHPRNUi-FLiNNHUHVNHGHOPLHVHGHWWpVNHUHVNHGHOPLKiERU~VNRGiVVDOMHOOHPH]KHWĘYLOiJD/iVG 0DQHQW 0DQHQW NO|Q|V IRQWRVViJRW WXODMGRQtW D 6]HQW ÈJRVWRQ-i Isten városának(Civitas Dei), amely az ember jobbWHUPpV]HWpW UHSUH]HQWiOMDsOiWKDWDWODQXO is ottOpWH]LNaI|OGL YiURV(Civitas terrena) mellett, mint egy soha el nempUKHWĘ PpJLV PLQGLJKHO\HVLGHiOLViOODSRWÄ,VWHQYiURVD´QHPWpYHV]WHQGĘ|VV]HDI|OGLHJ\HWHPHV iOODPXWySLiMiYDO0DQHQWWDOHOOHQWpWEHQ'DQWHV]HULQWÄ,VWHQiOODPD´PHJYDOyVtWKDWy a)|OG|Q pV YpJVĘVRURQki is alakulhat:Ä0ostWHKiWmeg kellKDWiUR]QXQNhogy mi az HPEHUL WiUVDGDOPDN |VV]HVVpJpQHN YpJFpOMD« 9HJ\N pV]UH KRJ\ DPLQW D 7HUPpV]HW«EL]RQ\RVFpOUDOpWUHKR]]DD]HJ\pQWPiVUDDFVDOiGRWpVPiVpUWDIDOXW megintPiVUDaYiURVW pV PiVpUWaNLUiO\ViJRWsYpJOmintYpJVĘ FpOpUWazgU|NIsten D] Ę HV]N|]H D 7HUPpV]HW VHJtWVpJpYHO OpWUHKR]]D D] HPEHULVpJHW D PDJD WRWDOi-WiViEDQ´(Dante, 1962 [1559], p. 405.)

NDSFVRODWD PHJV]ĦQLN >D UHQGV]HUHN HOYHV]WLN FVHOHNYĘ-NpSHVVpJNHW@VtJ\D]HQWLWiVHJpV]H|VV]HRPOLN´⁴³

$ V]OHWĘ pV HOWĦQĘ WiUVDGDOPL HQWLWiVRN VRUVD D]RQ P~OLN KRJ\

NpSHVHN-H pUWHOPH]QL D IRO\DPDWRVDQ YiOWR]y YLOiJRW pV PHJV]HUYH]QL OpWN PHJĘU]pVpW Ä9iODV]WDQL YiODV]WKDWQL PpJ DNNRULVKDH]DYiODV]WiVLOHKHWĘVpJDYDOyViJEDQHOpJJpNRUOiWR]RWW PLFVRGD NLYiOWVigRV KHO\]HW´(Braudel, 2004 [1967], p. 574.)⁴⁴ A WiUVDGDOPLM|YĘNpSHVVpJW|UHNYpVDQQDNIHOWpUNpSH]pVpUHKRJ\PHO\

MHOOHP]ĘNEL]WRVtWMiND]HQWLWiVRNV]iPiUDDYiODV]WiVOHKHWĘVpJpWpV VDMiWRVpOHWPyGMXNpVpOHWYLOiJXNPHJĘU]pVpW

5|YLGHQ iWWHNLQWHWWNasummum bonumra,pV WRYiEELazHJ\pQ pVa WiUVDGDOPL HQWLWiV V]NVpJOHWHL pV pUGHNHL N|]|WWL HJ\HQV~O\

PHJWHUHPWpVpUH YRQDWNR]y Q\XJDWL HOJRQGROiVRNDW 1HP WDOiOWXQN NRQV]HQ]XVWVHPDYDODPHO\UHQGHJ\VpJpEHQNLERQWDNR]yMypOHW VHP D] HJ\pQ pV D N|]|VVpJ N|]|WWL SULPiWXV LOOHWYH D WiUVDGDOPL HQWLWiVRNUDYRQDWNR]ypUWpNHNpVQRUPiNHUHGHWH NpUGpVpEHQ⁴⁵

43 'DYLHV D V]pWHVpV N|YHWNH]Ę OHKHWVpJHV IRUUiVDLW MHO|OL PHJ ÄNOVĘ pV EHOVĘ-, akaratlagos vagy nem-DNDUDWODJRV WpQ\H]ĘN DPHO\HN |VV]HRPOiV KyGtWiV EHRO-YDV]WiV IHOV]iPROiV LOOHWYH D V]OHWpV XWiQL J\RUV HOKDOiOR]iV PHFKDQL]PXVDLQ NHUHV]WOYDOyVXOQDN PHJ´(Davies, 2011, pp. 732±739.)

44Ä$]>DSHUVRQD@D]LJD]LDNLDOHJSRQWRVDEEDQNpSHVIHOPpUQLDNRUOiWDLWDNL~J\

G|QWKRJ\DNHUHWHNN|]|WWPDUDGVĘWNLKDV]QiOMDD]HONHUOKHWHWOHQIRO\DPDWHUHMpWV maga is annakPHJIHOHOĘ LUiQ\EDQteszHUĘIHV]tWpVHNHWAW|UWpQHOHP VRGUiYDO szem-EHQ PLQGHQ HUĘIHV]tWpV KLiEDYDOy ± V H] QHP PLQGLJ Q\LOYiQYDOy ±, kudarcra van tWpOYH«´(%UDXGHOWLGp]L5LFKDUG0D\QH, 1995 [1963], xxiv.)

45.RQV]HQ]XVKLiQ\iEDQDPRGHUQIHMOHV]WpVLSURJUDPRND]HPEHULIHMOĘGps valamely VDMiWRVIHOIRJiViUDpStWNH]QHNÄ-EHQD]HOVĘ(PEHUL)HMOĘGpVL-HOHQWpV+XPDQ 'HYHORSPHQW 5HSRUW ~M PHJN|]HOtWpVW YH]HWHWW EH D] HPEHUL MyO-OpW HOĘPR]GtWiVD pUGHNpEHQAz emberiIHMOĘGpV«az emberipOHW JD]GDJViJiQDN NLERQWDNR]WDWiViWnem SXV]WiQDGRWWJD]GDViJJD]GDJViJiWMHOHQWL´81+XPDQ'HYHORSPHQW3URJUDP$]

index Amarty SenHOJRQGROiViUD pSOmiszerint³D IHMOHV]WpV FpOMDLQDN pV HV]N|]HLQHN PHJYiODV]WiVDDIHMOĘGpVLIRO\DPDWPpO\HEEPHJpUWpVpKH]YH]HWĘYL]VJiOyGiVWpVW-]HWHVVpJHWLJpQ\HOHJpV]HJ\V]HUĦHQQHPKHO\pQYDOyKDSXV]WiQDM|YHGHOHPYDJ\D vagyonPD[LPDOL]iOiViW WĦ]]NkiDODSFpOXO«aJD]GDViJL Q|YHNHGpV |QPDJiEDQnem WHNLQWKHWĘ pUWHOPHVHQ YpJFpOQDN« D IHMOĘGpVW D V]XEV]WDQWtY V]DEDGViJRN NL-tHUMHV]WpVHNpQWpUWHOPH]YHILJ\HOPQND]RQFpORNUDLUiQ\XODPHO\HNpUWHOPHWDGQDND IHMOHV]WpVQHN V]HPEHQ FVXSiQ D] HV]N|]|N IHMOHV]WpVpYHO DPL HJ\pENpQW PiVRN PHOOHWWMHOHQWĘVV]HUHSHWMiWV]LNDIRO\DPDWEDQ(Sen, 1999. pp. í

$ .DWROLNXV (J\Ki] pUWHOPH]pVpEHQ D FpO ÄPLQGHQ HPEHU pV D WHOMHV HPEHU PLQ-GHQROGDO~ IHMOĘGpVH´VI.3iO SiSD(1967) APLQGHQROGDO~ IHMOĘGpV V]iPRV WHUOHW tJ\

DJD]GDViJDSROLWLNDDFVDOiGLpOHWDYDOOiVDWXGRPiQ\pVDPĦYpV]HWLQWHJUiFLyMiW LJpQ\OL

0LQGD]RQiOWDO V]iPRV WiUVDGDOPL HQWLWiVW LVPHUQN DPHO\ KRVV]~

LGĘQ iWsikeresenPHJĘUL]WH pOHWPyGMiW pV pOHWYLOiJiWez azt sugallja, KRJ\ OpWH]LN modus vivendi,⁴⁶ OHKHWVpJHV N|]|VVpJHN WDUWyV LQWHJUiFLyMD(]pUWOHYRQKDWMXND]WDN|YHWNH]WHWpVWKRJ\EL]RQ\RV N|]|VVpJHN MREEDN PiVRNQiO HJ\pQL WDJMDLN V]NVpJOHWHLQHN pV pUGHNHLQHN NLHOpJtWpVpEHQ YLV]RQ\ODJRV KDUPyQLiEDQ D N|]|VVpJ V]NVpJOHWHLYHOpVpUGHNHLYHOpVYLV]RQW9DQQDNRO\DQpOHWYLOiJRN DPHO\HNEHQ D] HJ\pQHN YLV]RQ\ODJ My pOHWHW pOKHWQHN D UHQG HJ\VpJpEHQ pV DPHO\HW H]pUW NpV]HN PHJYpGHQL PHJĘUL]QL pV

~MUDWHUPHOQL/HYRQKDWMXNWRYiEEiD]WDN|YHWNH]WHWpVWLVKRJ\D]

HIIpOH HQWLWiVRNDW N|]|V QRUPiN pUWpNHN pV PRUDOLWiVtartja|VV]H Ä$

PRUDOLWiVKR]V]NVpJYDQDUUDKRJ\D]HJ\pQDPDJDEROGRJViJiQ W~OJRQGRWYLVHOMHQDW|EELHNEROGRJViJiUDLV«0LQGHJ\LNQN >PiV HPEHULV]HPpO\HNHWPDJXNEDQIRJODOy@HJ\UHEĘYOĘNRQFHQWULNXV N|U|N N|]pSSRQWMiEDQ iOO« D] µoikeiószisz’, vagyis az RWWKRQWHUHPWpV IRO\DPDWiEDQ´ $ .HQQ\í& .HQQ\ (2006, í old.) Az emberL pOHW W|UHNYpV D]oikosz OpWUHKR]iViUD D UHQG HJ\VpJpEHQ NLERQWDNR]y My pOHW PHJYDOyVtWiVD |QPDJXQN pV D]RNV]iPiUDDNLNUHJRQGRWYLVHOQN

2.$=e/1,e5'(0(6e/(73,//e5(.e6SZINTEK 2.1.$=e/1,e5'(0(6 e/(7

$ WiUVDGDOPL M|YĘNpSHVVpJ SURMHNW J\DNRUODWL FpOMD D 7iUVDGDOPL -|YĘNpSHVVpJ ,QGH[ 6), NLGROJR]iVD $] 6), D WiUVDGDOPL HQWLWiVRNNRPSR]LW PpUĘV]iPDDPHO\QpJ\SLOOpUEHFVRSRUWRVtWRWW V]iPRVLQGLNiWRUEyOiOO$]6),-EDQHOpUWSRQWV]iPRWD] pOQL

$QWKRQ\pV&KDUOHV.HQQ\~J\Q\LODWNR]QDNKRJ\Ä$]HPEHULEROGRJViJWHUPpV]H-WpUHYRQDWNR]y«DODSRVILOR]yILDLJD]GDViJLpVSV]LFKROyJLDLPHJIRQWROiVRNDODSMiQ arra aPHJJ\Ę]ĘGpVUHjutottunk, hogy az emberiMyO-OpW HJpV]H KiURPalapelemet foglal PDJiEDQDPHO\HNHWMyOpWQHNPHJHOpJHGHWWVpJQHNpVPpOWyViJQDNIRJXQNQHYH]QL´

($.HQQ\í&.HQQ\, 2006, p. 8.; OiVG PpJ: C. Kenny, 2011)

46Amodus vivendi ÄWLV]WHOHWUHPpOWypVIHOHOĘVVpJWHOMHVPHJROGiVWHNLQWHWWHODUUDKRJ\

PLQGDQQ\LDQ HVHQGĘHN YDJ\XQN D J\DNRUODWL LJD]ViJ PHJiOODStWiViW LOOHWĘHQ´

(Haldane, 2009, p. 260.) Ä1p]QLahogy az inga lassan visszaleng, nem egyLGHiOLV iOODSRWGHQHPLVD]DEV]RO~WHOIRJDGKDWDWODQLUiQ\iEDKDQHPHJ\HOYLVHOKHWĘHYLOiJL W|NpOHWOHQVpJ pVviszonylagospV IRJ\DWpNRV FpOV]HUĦVpJ MyWpNRQ\ iOODSRW pV EROGRJViJ IHOp´(Huizinga,pQ11.)

pUGHPHV pOHW PLQW PpUFH V]HPSRQWMiEyO LQWHUSUHWiOMXN $] pOQL pUGHPHV pOHW HOJRQGROiViW D]pUW YiODV]WRWWXN PHUW PHJIHOHOĘHQ SRQWRVXJ\DQDNNRUHOpJWiJIRJDORPDKKR]KRJ\PDJiEDQfoglalja D] HPEHUL pUWHOHP YHWW My DOWHUQDWtY HOJRQGROiVDLW D NLYiOyViJRW HUpQ\N|WHOHVVpJYDJ\KDV]QRVViJDODSMiQPHJKDWiUR]yHWLNiNDW

$ WDQXOPiQ\EDQ PHJWHWW V]HOOHPL XWXQN Q\RPiQ D] pUGHPHV pOHW QpJ\ V]NVpJHV pV HOpJVpJHV DONRWyHOHPpW YiODV]WRWWXN ki: a N|WĘGpVWDJRQGRVNRGiVWDQ\DJLJ\DUDSRGiVpVV]DEDGViJD EpNpW pV EL]WRQViJRW YDODPLQW D PHJHOpJHGHWWVpJHW $ VRUUHQGGHO QHP NtYiQXQN YDODPLIpOH KLHUDUFKLiUD XWDOQL PiV pV PiV ILOR]yILDL V]RFLROyJLDL ELROyJLDL YDJ\ SV]LFKROyJLDL PHJIRQWROiVRN DODSMiQ HWWĘOHOWpUĘVRUEDLVUHQGH]KHWĘND] DONRWyHOHPHN

.|WĘGpV

$ N|WĘGpVW D]pUW YiODV]WRWWXN PHUW pOHWEHYiJy V]HUHSHW MiWV]LN D]

HPEHUHJpV]VpJHVWHVWLOHONLpVV]HOOHPLIHMOĘGpVpEHQ$J\HUHNNRUL N|WĘGpVHNKLiQ\iEDQD]HJ\pQQHKp]VpJHNEHWN|]KHWDIHOQĘWWNRUL WDUWDOPDVpVNLHOpJtWĘV]HPpO\N|]LNDSFVRODWRNYDODPLQWWiUVDGDOPL HQWLWiVRNKR]IĦ]ĘGĘN|WĘGpVHNpVNDSFVROyGiVRNNLDODNtWiViEDQ⁴⁷

$] HPEHUL OpQ\HN WiUVDV OpWpQHN HOVĘGOHJHV pV OHJQDJ\REE KDWiV~

IRUPiMD D FVDOiG +DOGDQH p. 171.), az ember

~MUDWHUPHOpVpQHN D V]HPpO\HNUĘO YDOy JRQGRVNRGiV D QHYHOpV pV RNWDWiVKHO\V]tQH$V]HPpO\DFVDOiGEDQWDQXOMDPHJPLDN|WĘGpV DWLV]WHOHWDPpOWiQ\RVViJaWHNLQWpO\ pVa hierarchia, aMy pVa rossz, az LJD]ViJRV pV D] LJD]ViJWDODQ D V]HUHWHW pV D JHQHUDWLYLWiV D PiVRNNDOYDOyW|UĘGpVOiVG Erikson, 1986 [1950], pp. í D] DMiQGpNR]iV D]D] DGiV V]HUHWHWEĘO pV D UHFLSURFLWiV D]D] D]

|QpUGHNHQDODSXOycsere.

A FVDOiGRW az oikeiószisz, az RWWKRQWHUHPWpVL YiOODONR]iV NLLQGXOySRQWMiQDNWHNLQWMNH]pUWa FVDOiGUHQGHOWHWpVV]HUĦPĦN|GpVpW az pOQLpUGHPHVpOHWDODSYHWĘpVpOHWEHYiJyDONRWyHOHPpQHNV]iPtWMXN Ha nincs oikosz, akkor nincs mitPHJĘUL]QLpV~MUDWHUPHOQL

47$ N|WĘGpVUH YRQDWNR]y SV]LFKROyJLDL WDQXOPiQ\RNUD pV NtVpUOHWHNUH YRQDWNR]yDQ OiVG &DVVLG\í6KDYHU HGV $LQVZRUWK pp. 3±30.);

$LQVZRUWKí%OHKDUí:DWHUVí:DOOpV%RZOE\

*RQGRVNRGiVDQ\DJLJ\DUDSRGiV⁴⁸ pVV]DEDGViJ

$]HPEHULOpQ\IHQQPDUDGiViKR]PDWHULiOLVMDYDNV]NVpJHVHN$]

HPEHUQHN|QPDJiUyOpVN|]|VVpJHLUĘOYDOyJRQGRVNRGiVDDMDYDN IRO\DPDWRVEL]WRVtWiVDV]NVpJV]HUĦHQPDJiEDQIRJODOMDDPDJiQ-pV N|]MDYDN HOIRJDGRWW WHUPHOpVL HORV]WiVL V]HU]pVL KDV]QiODWL pV HOHQJHGpVLHOMiUiVDLWD]|VV]HWHWWUHQGV]HUHNLUiQ\tWiViUDYRQDWNR]y WXGiVW pV D] H]HNHW PHJDODSR]y HOJRQGROiVW D MyOpWUĘO YDODPLQW D PXQND WHUPpV]HWpUĘO pV pUWpNpUĘO $] HPEHUL V]NVpJOHWHN D NpSHVVpJHN pV D V]HUHQFVH NO|QE|]ĘVpJpEĘO IDNDGyan az HJ\HQOĘVpJ SLDFL HORV]WiVL pV WiUVDGDORPSROLWLNDL PyGRQ NLDODNtWRWW NtYiQDWRV pV OHKHWVpJHV V]LQWMH PLQGHQ SROLWLNDL N|]|VVpJEHQ NXOFVNpUGpV PpJSHGLJ D] LQWUD- pV LQWHUJHQHUiFLyV LJD]ViJRVViJpVJHQHUDWLYLWiVDODSMiQ⁴⁹

A V]DEDGViJ az ember ± UDFLRQiOLV PLYROWiEyO IDNDGy ± PHJNO|QE|]WHWĘ DWWULE~WXPD $PLQW $EUDKDP /LQFROQ PHJMHJ\H]WHÄVHQNLQHPKDOORWWPpJRO\DQHPEHUUĘODNLV]HUHWHWW YROQD D UDEV]ROJDViJ Q\~MWRWWD MyNEDQ UpV]HVOQL´⁵⁰ $ V]DEDGViJ OHKHWĘVpJ pV NpSHVVpJ DUUD KRJ\ |QPDJXQN UHQGHONH]]QN DGRWWViJDLQNNLERQWDNR]WDWiViUyOpVN|UYRQDOD]]XN|QpUWpNQNHW$

V]DEDGViJ D] DODSMD D] HPEHU PLQW V]HPpO\ PpOWyViJiQDN DPHO\

HOĘIHOWpWHOH DQQDN KRJ\ D] HPEHU NpSHV OHJ\HQ JRQGRVNRGQL

|QPDJiUyO pV PiVRNUyO $ V]DEDGViJ OHKHWĘVpJHW Q\~MW KRgy az HPEHUNp]EHQWDUWVDpVLUiQ\tWVDVRUViWpVKR]]iMiUXOMRQN|]|VVpJHL M|YĘMpKH]

$] DQ\DJL J\DUDSRGiV pV D V]DEDGViJ EL]RQ\RV NLV]iPtWKDWyViJRW IHOWpWHOH] H]pUWaz LJD]ViJV]ROJiOWDWiVLrendszer UHQGHOWHWpVV]HUĦ

48+DV]QiOKDWWXNvolna a³SURVSHULWiV´ NLIHMH]pVWis az anyagiJ\DUDSRGiVhelyett.$]pUW G|QW|WWQNXWyEEL PHOOHWWmert a SURVSHULWiV ODWLQSURVSHUƗUHpro VSHUH UHPpQ\EHOL bi-]RQ\RViOWDOiQRVMyO-OpWUHYRQDWNR]LNnem pedig JHQHUiFLyNRQiWtYHOĘDQ\DJLJ\DUDSRGiVUD

49$V]NVpJHV NpQ\HOPHVpVW~O]RWWMyOpWN|UOLYLWiNpVD]H]HNKH]NDSFVROyGyNpU-GpVHNazHJ\HQOĘVpJ NtYiQDWRV pV OHKHWVpJHV V]LQWMpUĘOaNRUOiWRN SUREOpPiMiW pULQWL NpW V]HPSRQWEyOLV$]HOVĘKRJ\D]DGRWWHQWLWiVOHJ\HQEiUPLO\HQJD]GDJLVPLQGLJNL OHV]WpYH DUHQGHONH]pVpUHiOOyHUĘIRUUiVRNpVMDYDNDEV]RO~WNRUOiWMiQDN$PiVRGLN KRJ\PpJDOHJJD]GDJDEEHQWLWiVVHPWXGMDMDYDLW~J\PHJRV]WDQLDYLOiJRQPLQGHQ-NLYHOKRJ\XJ\DQDNNRUDVDMiWWDJMDLQDNLVPDUDGMRQHOHJHQGĘDIHQQPDUDGiVKR]/iVG PpJ0XHOOHU(2010, pp. 38±40.)

50Ä2O\DQ HJ\V]HUĦ H] KRJ\ D YpJNpSS pUGHNYH]pUHOWHW NLYpYH EiUPLO\HQ UHQGĦ-UDQJ~ HPEHU KHO\HVHQ G|QW 8J\DQLV EiU N|Q\YWiUQ\L LURGDOPDW |VV]HtUWDN D UDEV]ROJDViJ QDJ\V]HUĦVpJpUĘO PpJVHP LVPHUQN olyan embert, aki az HOĘQ\HLW DNDUQi pOYH]QL D]iO-WDOKRJ\PDJDLVUDEV]ROJiYiYiOLN´(Lincoln, 1854)

PĦN|GpVpWD]pOQLpUGHPHVpOHWOpQ\HJLHOHPpQHNWHNLQWMN(QQHN KLiQ\iEDQD]HPEHUQHPWXG|QPDJiUyOpVPiVRNUyOJRQGRVNRGQL DPLEĘO N|YHWNH]LN KRJ\ QHP OHV]QHN RO\DQ pUWpNHL DPHO\HNHW pUGHPHVPHJĘUL]QLpV~MUDWHUPHOQL

%pNHpVEL]WRQViJ

$ WiUVDGDOPL HQWLWiV OpWH]pVH PHJV]ĦQLN KD QLQFV PHJIHOHOĘHQ EL]WRQViJRV N|UQ\H]HWaz~MUDWHUPHOpVpKH] %pNH pV EL]WRQViJ QpONO D IpUILDN pV QĘN QHP WXGMiN IHOQHYHOQL Dgyerekeiket, nem tudnak JRQGRVNRGQLPDJXNUyOpVN|]|VVpJHLNUĘO$EpNHpVDEL]WRQViJD UHQG HJ\VpJpQHN PDJYD $ UHQG KLiQ\iEDQ V~O\RVDQ VpUO D WiUVDGDOPLHQWLWiVJHQHUDWLYLWiVDXJ\DQLVD]HQHUJLiLWpSSHQDUHQG PHJWHUHPWpVpUHtettHUĘIHV]tWpVHN HPpV]WLNfel. AEHOVĘ pV NOVĘ EpNH pVaEL]WRQViJ KtMiQazHJ\pQHN pV WiUVDGDOPL HQWLWiVRNnemNpSHVHN HOĘUHMHOH]QL IHMOHPpQ\HNHW tJ\ SHGLJ QHP WXGQDN VHP FpORNDW PHJKDWiUR]QLVHPEHIRO\iVROQLD M|YĘMNHW

0HJHOpJHGHWWVpJ

$PHJHOpJHGHWWVpJHOPHiOODSRWpOHWIHOIRJiVDPHO\DJHQHUDWLYLWiV HOĘIHOWpWHOH $ PHJHOpJHGHWWVpJ DQQ\LW WHV] KRJ\ QHP YDJ\XQN HJpV]VpJWHOHQ pV WHUPpNHWOHQ WiUVDV |VV]HKDVRQOtWiVRN UDEMDL $]

LULJ\VpJ pV OHQp]pV pV PiV KDVRQOyDQ NiURV WXODMGRQViJRN V]pW]LOiOMiN D WiUVDGDORP V]|YHWHLW DOiiVViN D] HJ\PiV LUiQWL EL]DOPDW NRUOiWR]]iN D] DONRWyHUĘW pV DNDGiO\R]]iN D] HPEHUL NpSHVVpJHN NLERQWDNR]WDWiViW OiVG Schoeck, 1987). Bizonyos V]LQWĦPHJHOpJHGHWWVpJKLiQ\iEDQDEL]WRQViJEDQHOpUWSXV]WDDQ\DJL J\DUDSRGiVpVV]DEDGViJVHPHOpJ±a pusztDELROyJLDLNpV]WHWpVHQ W~O± D]HPEHULOpW~MUDWHUPHOpVpKH]

$QpJ\DONRWyHOHPIJJHWOHQHJ\PiVWyODEEDQD]pUWHOHPEHQKRJ\

EL]RQ\RV PpUWpNLQJ HOWpUĘ GLQDPLNiW PXWDWKDWQDN HOĘIRUGXOKDW KRJ\D]HJ\LNHOpUpVHpUGHNpEHQYDODPHNNRUDiOGR]DWRWV]NVpJHV PiVWpUHQ8J\DQDNNRUD]DONRWyHOHPHNIHOWpWHOH]LNLVHJ\PiVW$

N|WĘGpVpVYDODKRYDWDUWR]iVD]DQ\DJLJ\DUDSRGiVpVV]DEDGViJD EpNH pV EL]WRQViJ YDODPLQW D PHJHOpJHGHWWVpJ NLHJ\HQV~O\R]RWW PHJYDOyVtWiVD V]NVpJHV EiUPHO\ HQWLWiV HVHWpEHQ DPHO\ D PHJĘUiznipV ~MUDWHUPHOQL pUGHPHV My pOHW NLERQWDNR]WDWiViW FpOR]]D

2.2.$=e/1,e5'(0(6e/(70e5e6($=SFI ,17(535(7È&,Ï-$

$] 6), QpJ\ SLOOpUEHQ |VV]HJ]ĘGĘ HOOHQĘUL]KHWĘ Q\LOYiQRVDQ KR]]iIpUKHWĘ VWDWLV]WLNDL LQGLNiWRURNUD pSO $ SLOOpUHN D]RNDW D NXOFVWHUOHWHNHW UDJDGMiN PHJ DPHO\HN EHIRO\iVROMiN DGRWW WiUVDGDOPL HQWLWiV NpSHVVpJpW DUUD KRJ\ FpORNDW WĦ]]|Q NL megszervez]H |QPDJiW VDMiWRV pOHWPyGMiQDN pV pOHWYLOiJiQDN PHJĘU]pVH pV ~MUDWHUPHOpVH pUGHNpEHQ $ SLOOpUHNHW D WiUVDGDOPL HQWLWiVRN QpJ\ V]LQWMpUH DONDOPD]]XN D] UpV]EHQ NLIHMWHWW társadalmi persona IRJDOPiQDNPHJIHOHOĘHQOiVG iEUD

3LOOpUHN

In document Társadalmi jövőképesség - A jövőkutatás kontextusában (Pldal 50-56)