Spaarndammerplantsoen, “The Ship”, Amsterdam, Netherlands, 1917
4. Jacobus Johannes Pieter Oud, Mathenesse Siedlung, Rotterdam, Netherlands, 1922
The Dutch architect designed several row house estates in the 1920s and 30s. The Mathenesse ensemble is one of his earliest projects, responding to the burning housing issues of the period. As a result, this development contains more than 1,000 small-size apartments built for workers in Rotterdam on a triangular site wedged between streets and canals. The site is taken up by rows of buildings parallel with the confining lines. Being an introverted development, it contains areas for communal use in its depths. Intermediate areas and gardens feature fairly differentiated uses, much in the same way as the hermitage in Majk. Rows of buildings rotated toward each other surround vegetable gardens, while there is a sequence of spaces for communal uses in the centre of the development. The development impresses us as a small autonomous village with smoothly-rendered dwelling units and integrated businesses. This is reflected in its name, “wittedorp", meaning “white village”. Small apartments correspond to compact floor plans. Simple materials and traditional forms integrated in the design also feature the clear palette of de Stijl in some details, such as the doors and windows.
source: /-/ - Günther Satmm, J.J.P.Oud, Bauten und Projekte 1906 bis 1963, Florian Kupferberg Verlag, Mainz, 1982
source: /-/ - Günther Satmm, J.J.P.Oud, Bauten und Projekte 1906 bis 1963, Florian Kupferberg Verlag, Mainz, 1983
source: Martien Kerkhof, Studio Retina, Amsterdam - Ed Taverne/Cor Wagenaar/Martien de Vletter:
J.J.P.Oud, Poetic Functionalist, Nai Publishers, Rotterdam, 1996
source: Martien Kerkhof, Studio Retina, Amsterdam - Ed Taverne/Cor Wagenaar/Martien de Vletter:
J.J.P.Oud, Poetic Functionalist, Nai Publishers, Rotterdam, 1997
source: Martien Kerkhof, Studio Retina, Amsterdam - Ed Taverne/Cor Wagenaar/Martien de Vletter:
J.J.P.Oud, Poetic Functionalist, Nai Publishers, Rotterdam, 1998
source: Martien Kerkhof, Studio Retina, Amsterdam - Ed Taverne/Cor Wagenaar/Martien de Vletter:
J.J.P.Oud, Poetic Functionalist, Nai Publishers, Rotterdam, 1999
source: Martien Kerkhof, Studio Retina, Amsterdam - Ed Taverne/Cor Wagenaar/Martien de Vletter:
J.J.P.Oud, Poetic Functionalist, Nai Publishers, Rotterdam, 2000
source: Martien Kerkhof, Studio Retina, Amsterdam - Ed Taverne/Cor Wagenaar/Martien de Vletter:
J.J.P.Oud, Poetic Functionalist, Nai Publishers, Rotterdam, 2001
5. Rudolph M. Schindler, Pueblo Ribera Court, San
source: /-/ - http://www.hottr6.com/pueblo/
source: /-/ - James Steel: R. M. Schindler 1887-1953; An Exploration of Space, Taschen, 2003
source: /-/ - James Steel: R. M. Schindler 1887-1953; An Exploration of Space, Taschen, 2004
source: /-/ - James Steel: R. M. Schindler 1887-1953; An Exploration of Space, Taschen, 2005
source: /-/ - http://www.hottr6.com/pueblo/
source: /-/ - http://www.hottr6.com/pueblo/
source: /-/ - http://www.hottr6.com/pueblo/
source: /-/ - http://www.hottr6.com/pueblo/
source: Kansas Sebastian - http://www.flickr.com/photos/kansas_sebastian/4765090591/in/
photostream/
source: Kansas Sebastian - http://www.flickr.com/photos/kansas_sebastian/4765090591/in/
photostream/
6. Bruno Taut, Onkel-Toms-Hütte, Zehlendorf, Berlin, Germany, 1925-27
Bruno Taut designed several housing estates containing row houses in the 1920s and 30s – first in Magdeburg, then in Berlin. His developments, known as Schiller Park and Horseshoe Estate, were built beside the green-belt Zehlendorf Estate in the German capital. Zehlendorf Estate contains six characteristic building types, and the framework of this development was provided by higher buildings along the bordering thoroughfares. This protective frame is filled in by rows of buildings sequenced along a north-south longitudinal axis, featuring the two and a half storeys typical of the area. This quarter does not only meet the criteria formulated in the 1920s, but also exceeds them by creating a balance between the contemporary practice of standardized sequencing and the richness of details featuring designs of the Arts and Crafts Movement. Taut’s genius is actually expressed in the fact that he strived for more than the basic schemes of row house projects or their minimal follow-ups. Instead, he created a uniquely rich and individual architectural world with simple means, though confined within narrow bounds. Typical architectural devices applied by him are the hierarchical design of the street grid and building types that rhyme with it, the sequencing of individual types of houses inside them, the resulting potentials for streetscapes, as well as mass formation and façade design that betray engineering accuracy even in the details.
source: Bruno Taut - Winkler Oszkár, Bruno Taut, Akadémia Kiadó, Budapest, 1980
source: H. Pitz - Heraugsgegeben von Winfried Nerdinger, Kristiana Hartman, Matthias Schirren, Manfred Speidel, Buno Taut 1880-1938, Deutsche Verlags, Munchen 1997
source: H. Pitz - Heraugsgegeben von Winfried Nerdinger, Kristiana Hartman, Matthias Schirren, Manfred Speidel, Buno Taut 1880-1938, Deutsche Verlags, Munchen 1998
source: H. Pitz - Heraugsgegeben von Winfried Nerdinger, Kristiana Hartman, Matthias Schirren, Manfred Speidel, Buno Taut 1880-1938, Deutsche Verlags, Munchen 1999
source: Arthur Köster - Winkler Oszkár, Bruno Taut, Akadémia Kiadó, Budapest, 1976
source: Arthur Köster - Winkler Oszkár, Bruno Taut, Akadémia Kiadó, Budapest, 1977
source: Arthur Köster - Winkler Oszkár, Bruno Taut, Akadémia Kiadó, Budapest, 1978
source: Arthur Köster - Winkler Oszkár, Bruno Taut, Akadémia Kiadó, Budapest, 1979
source: H. Pitz - Heraugsgegeben von Winfried Nerdinger, Kristiana Hartman, Matthias Schirren, Manfred Speidel, Buno Taut 1880-1938, Deutsche Verlags, Munchen 2000
source: H. Pitz - Heraugsgegeben von Winfried Nerdinger, Kristiana Hartman, Matthias Schirren, Manfred Speidel, Buno Taut 1880-1938, Deutsche Verlags, Munchen 2001
distinguish between the access routes. Household paths behind well-functioning back gardens and narrow front gardens facilitate intimacy. Gropius responded to the shortage of housing in the post-war era with contemporary cubes, built from in-situ prefab aerated concrete components, featuring simple ribbon windows. Although the spacious gardens turned toward each other loosen up the density of development, because of their spaciousness they are suited to host a variety of activities. The apartments were built to three different standardized designs with a floor plan area of 57, 70 and 74 m2 respectively.
source: david ruizadm - http://davidruizadm.blogspot.hu/2011/05/walter-gropius-sistemes-prefabricats.html, 2012.07.19.
source: Bauhaus, Dessau - James Marston Fitch: Walter Gropius, Otto Maier Verlag, Ravensburg, 1958
source: tipografos - http://www.tipografos.net/bauhaus/SiedlungsplanToerten2.jpg 2012.07.19.
source: /-/ - http://www.flickr.com/photos/vortez/4264190392/sizes/z/in/photostream/ 2012.07.19.
source: Bauhaus, Dessau - James Marston Fitch: Walter Gropius, Otto Maier Verlag, Ravensburg, 1959
source: /-/ - http://www.flickr.com/photos/doctorcasino/4911132608/ 2012.07.19.
source: Bauhaus, Dessau - James Marston Fitch: Walter Gropius, Otto Maier Verlag, Ravensburg, 1960
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