There are several directions in which further research can be carried out in this field.
The classification system can be further refined, and see if some more empty classes are found, thus new location management algorithms are invented.
Using the flexible simulation environment, some other location management algorithms can be implemented for interesting comparative simulations.
Further, more detailed simulations of both of my algorithms can be carried out.For example examining how the performance of LTRACK can be increased by changing the
network topology. It could answer the question: “What kind of network topology suits LTRACK the best?”.
Analytical examination or simulation of Hierarchical Paging with more than two levels can also be carried out.
It should also be interesting to compare my two location management algorithms – LTRACK and Hierarchical Paging – to each other.
A test implementation of any of my algorithms and some real-life measurements would also help a lot to better understand the strengths and weaknesses (especially complexity related) of my algorithms.
The dynamic allocation or modification of mobility management layers of Hierarchical Paging (or other algorithms) is also an interesting and promising direction for further research.
List of Figures
2.1 Subnetwork with hexagonal cells . . . 10
2.2 Subnetwork with square shaped cells . . . 11
4.1 LTRACK locating the mobile node . . . 24
4.2 LTRACK Handover Types . . . 25
4.3 Signalling requirements of various protocols . . . 28
4.4 Limiting the number of tracking handovers . . . 29
4.5 Using LTAs . . . 30
4.6 Limiting the number of visited LTRACK nodes . . . 31
4.7 Markov Chain Model for LTRACK . . . 36
4.8 Hˆ :Optimal value for H. . . . 43
4.9 The effect of loop removal on ˆH . . . 44
4.10 The effect of links between the FAs on ˆH . . . 45
4.11 The effect of links between the FAs on ˆH . . . 47
4.12 The effect of links between the FAs on ˆH . . . 47
4.13 How ρ and m affect the performance of LTRACK . . . 48
4.14 How ρ and g affect the performance of LTRACK havingm = 5 . . . 49
4.15 How δ, maffect on the cost of LTRACK having ρ= 0.9 . . . 50
4.16 How g and m affect the performance of LTRACK having ρ= 0.9 . . . 51
4.17 How g and m affect the gain of LTRACK over HMIP having ρ= 0.9 . . . . 52
4.18 How ψ and ρ affect LTRACK having m= 2, g = 5 . . . 53
4.19 The gain of loop removal compared to LTRACK . . . 53
4.20 The optimal H with loop removal . . . 54
5.1 Hierarchical paging Markov-model transition probabilities . . . 61
5.2 Hierarchical paging Markov-model transition probabilities and costs . . . . 62
80
5.3 Cost as a function of the number of subnetworks, all other parameters are
fixed . . . 65
5.4 Markov-model with costs for single-layer paging . . . 66
5.5 Cost as a function of the number of subnetworks and the number of cells . 67 5.6 Minimum point of k for various values of L . . . 67
5.7 Minimum value of k for various values of L . . . 68
5.8 Cost as a function of the mobility ratio and the number of cells . . . 68
5.9 Minimum value of k for different p(mobility ratio) values . . . 69
5.10 Minimum point of k for different p (mobility ratio) values . . . 69
5.11 Comparison of calculated and simulated results . . . 71
5.12 Comparing different location management algorithms (update cost coeff.=3) 73 5.13 Comparing different location management algorithms (update cost coeff.=5) 74 5.14 The effect of changing the cost coefficients . . . 75
List of Abbreviations
BSC Base Station Controller CN Corresponding Node CoA Care-of Address
FA Foreign Agent
FN Foreign Network
GSM Global System for Mobile Communication
HA Home Agent
HLR Home Location Register / Home LTRACK Register HMIP Hierarchical Mobile IP
HN Home Network
IP Internet Protocol
IPv4 Internet Protocol version 4 IPv6 Internet Protocol version 6
LA Location Area
LAID Location Area Identifier
LTA LTRACK Area
LTRACK Location Tracking
MIP Mobile IP
MN Mobile Node
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Publications
Foreign-language Journal Papers Published Abroad
[J1] B. Kov´acs, M. Szalay, S. Imre. “Modelling and Quantitative Analysis of LTRACK -A Novel Mobility Management -Algorithm”.Journal of Mobile Information Systems, Vol.2, Number 1, 2006, pp. 21-50.
Foreign-language Journal Papers Published in Hungary
[J2] S. Imre, M. Szalay. “Ring Hierarchy - an Alternative Reliable Topology for IP Micro Mobility Networks”. Telecommunications, Vol. LVI, No. 9., Selected Papers, 2001.
pp. 31–36.
[J3] S. Imre, M. Szalay. “LTRACK - A Novel Location Management Method”. Telecom-munications, Vol. LIX, No. 12., Selected Papers, 2004, pp. 29–33.
Journal Papers in Hungarian Language Published in Hun-gary
[J4] S. Imre, M. Szalay. “Ring Hierarchy - Reliable IP Micromobility Network Topology”.
Telecommunications, Vol. LVI, No. 10., 2001, pp. 19–24.
[J5] S. Imre, M. Szalay. “LTRACK – New Mobility Management Scheme”. Telecommu-nications, Vol. LVIII., No. 11., November 2003, pp. 49–52, L.
[J6] Gy. G´odor, M. Szalay, S. Imre. “Az IEEE 802.16 szabv´any ´attekint´ese”. Telecom-munications, Vol. LX, No. 8., August 2005, pp. 8–11.
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[J7] Gy. G´odor, M. Szalay, S. Imre. “Az IEEE 802.16 szabv´any k¨ozeghozz´af´er´esi (MAC) r´etege”. Telecommunications, Vol. LX, No. 8., August 2005, pp. 23–29.
[J8] Z. Faigl, Gy. G´odor, S. Imre, M. Szalay. “Mobil fizet´esi rendszerek ´attekint´ese”.
Hungarian Telecommunication, Vol. XVI., No. 3., 2005, pp. 28–35.
[J9] S. Imre, M. Szalay. “Az UMTS-rendszer ´attekint´ese”. Hungarian Telecommunica-tion, Vol. XVI., No. 4., 2005, pp. 20–30.
Article in Edited Book
[C1] Gy. G´odor, Z. Faigl, M. Szalay, S. Imre. “Mobile Payment Systems”. Idea Group Inc.
encyclopedia, Encyclopedia of Information Science and Technology, 2nd Edition, edited by Dr. Mehdi Khosrow-Pour, to be published in 2007, Accepted .
Foriegn-language Paper Published in International Confer-ence Proceedings
[C2] S. Imre, M. Szalay. “Ring Based Reliable IP Micro Mobility Network”. 6th In-ternational Conference on Telecommunications, CONTEL2001, June 13-15, 2001, Zagreb, Croatia, pp. 113–120, (supported by IEEE), L.
[C3] M. Szalay, S. Imre. “Handover Support in Ring Based IP Micro Mobility Net-works”. SoftCOM2001, October 09-12, 2001, Split, Dubrovnik (Croatia), Ancona, Bari (Italy), Published at FESB-Split, ISBN 953-6114-44-5, pp. 479–486, (supported by IEEE COMSOC), L.
[C4] S. Imre, M. Szalay. “Reliability Considerations of IP Micro Mobility Networks”.
Design of Reliable Communication Networks, DRCN 2001, 7-10 October 2001, Bu-dapest, Hungary, pp. 72–77, (supported by IEEE, EURESCOM), L.
[C5] S. Imre, M. Szalay, I. Bagdi, M. Sz´ekely. “Reliability Simulation of IP Micro Mobility Protocols Over Different Network Topologies”. 3rd Conference on Communication Systems, Networks and Digital Signal Processing, CSNDSP2002, 15-17th July 2002, Staffordshire UK, Published by Staffordshire University Press, ISBN 1-90413-305-3, pp. 276–279, E.
[C6] M. Szalay, S. Imre. “Reliability Modelling of Tree Topology IP Micro Mobility Net-works”.EUNICE 2002 (European Network of Universities and Companies in Infor-mation and Communication Engineering) 7th Open European Summer School on Adaptable Networks and Teleservices, September 2-4, 2002, Trondheim, Norway, Published by Tapir Uttrykk, ISBN 82-993980-5-3, pp. 63–69., L.
[C7] S. Imre, M. Szalay. “Modelling the Reliability of Ring Topology IP Micro Mobility Networks”. 12th International World Wide Web Conference, WWW2003, WF7, May 20-24, 2003, Budapest, Hungary, E.
[C8] Gy. G´odor, J. Nov´ak, M. Szalay, S. Imre. “Reliability Evaluation Software for Tree Topology Micro Mobility Networks”. 7th International Conference on Telecommu-nications, CONTEL2003, June 13-15, 2003, Zagreb, Croatia, Vol. 1., Published by CIP Zagreb, ISBN 953-184-055-5, pp. 221–228.
[C9] M. Szalay, S. Imre. “LTRACK – A novel location management method”. EU-NICE 2003 (European Network of Universities and Companies in Information and Communication Engineering)9th Open European Summer School on Next Genera-tion Networks, September 8-10, 2003, Balatonf¨ured, Hungary, ISBN 963-421-576-9, pp. 140–144., L.
[C10] Gy. G´odor, M. Szalay, T. K˝oszegi, Z. Faigl, S. Imre. “Security of Mobile and Wireless Systems”. Digital Communications, DC2003, November 25, 2003, Zilina, Slovak Republic, Published by EDIS Zilina University Publishers, ISBN 80-8070-165-2, pp. 13–18., L.
[C11] S. Imre, M. Szalay. “Parameter Considerations of LTRACK”. EUNICE 2004 (Eu-ropean Network of Universities and Companies in Information and Communication Engineering) 10th Open European Summer School on Advances in Fixed and Mo-bile Networks, June 14-16, 2004, Tampere, Finland, ISBN 952-15-1187-7, pp. 88–91, L.
[C12] Gy. G´odor, M. Szalay, S. Imre. “Handling Link Failure Dependencies in Micro Mo-bility Network ReliaMo-bility Modeling”. SoftCOM2004, October 10-13, 2004, Split, Dubrovnik (Croatia), Ancona, Bari (Italy), Published at FESB-Split, ISBN 953-6114-69-0, pp. 240-.244., L.
[C13] B. Kov´acs, M. Szalay and S. Imre. “Modelling and Quantitative Analysis of LTRACK – Novel Mobility Managemt Algorithm”. 3rd Inter. Conf. On Advances in Mobile Multimedia, MOMMS2005, 19-21 September, 2005, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, ISBN 3-85403-195-5, in the book serie books@ocg.at band 195 Oester-reichische Computer Gesellschaft, pp. 343–357., L, BEST PAPER AWARD.
[C14] M. Szalay, S. Imre. “Hierarchical Paging – Efficient Location Manage-ment”. Accepted 4th European Conference on Universal Multiservice Networks ECUMN’2007, 14-16 February 2007, Toulouse, France,L.
[C15] M. Szalay, S. Imre. “Analysis of Hierarchical Paging”.Accepted ICOIN2007, The International Conference on Information Networking, 23-25 January 2007, Estoril, Portugal, L.
Hungarian Paper Published in Conference Proceedings
[C16] S. Imre, M. Szalay. “Modelling the Reliability of Ring Topology IP Micro Mobility Networks”, High Speed Networking Laboratory Spring Workshop, May 21-22, 2003, pp. 110–113.
Posters at International Conference
[M1] M´at´e Szalay Reliability Considerations of Various Network Topologies Concentrat-ing on Micro Mobility Aspects Poster 2001, Prague, Czeh Republic, May 23-24, 2000, pp. C14.
[M2] B. V´aradi, Gy. G´odor, M. Szalay. Novel Authentication Algorithm of Future Net-works. Poster 2004, Prague, Czeh Republic, May 20, 2004.
Workshop Papers
[M3] M. Szalay, I. Bagdi, M. Sz´ekely, Cs. Gombos, Z. Ko´os, S. Imre, L. Pap Simulation of IP Micro Mobility Protocols in OMNET++ poster presentation, High Speed Networking Laboratory Spring Workshop, 2-5 May, 2001.