Part 2 - Social History
E) Forthcoming publications
István Perczel has finished "Le Pseudo-Denys, lecteur d'Origène et de Proclus" part I (40 pages in print). It w i l l be published i n Origenicma Septima by Peeters i n Leuven. The proofs have already been corrected. His "L'intellect amoureux' et ' l ' u n qui est': une doctrine mal connue de Plotin" (30 pages) was recently published by Revue de Philosophie Ancienne. He has completed i n essence
"Denys l'Aréopagite, Évagre le Pontique et les anathèmes antiorigénistes de 553,"
another study of fourty pages in print. The study was accepted by Revue des Études Augustiniennes, Paris, but some new findings now prompt him to rework the paper.
This w i l l somewhat delay its publication. He has also finished two other papers on related subjects: "Pseudo-Dionysius and Palestinian Origenism" (29 pages), which will be published in 2000 in the Proceedings of the Conference on "The Sabbaite Heritage i n the Orthodox Church," held i n Jerusalem i n May 1998, and also "La deuxième controverse origéniste" (27 pages) written for "La théologie byzantine," a volume edited by members of the CERL. Two other papers are close to completion:
"Pseudo-Dionysius and the Platonic Theolog}' of Proclus," a paper read at the conference "The Platonic Theolog}7," held i n Leuven, i n May 1998, and "The beginning of the first Syriac translation of Pseudo-Dionysius found i n a Paris manuscript," a paper read at the 4th Syriac World Conference organised by SEERÎ in Kottayam, Kerala, India, in September 1998.
The promised publications of György Geréby, papers on the Platonism of Boethius and his medieval critiques, on the natural philosophy of Proclus and its reception in the medieval Latin world, on how philosophical Platonism was rejected in the West, are under way.
György Heidi (Ph.D. student at our department), besides many publications in Hungarian, completed two studies m English: "Did the Young Augustine Read
Origen's Homily on Paradise?" which will be published soon i n Origeniana Septima (proofs corrected), and "The Letters of St. Antony and the Young Augustine" (11 pages), published i n Annual of Medieval Studies at CEU. 1996-1997. His monograph, The Young Augustine and Origen, for Oxford Early Christian Studies, is i n progress; he intends to finish it before the end of this year.
István Bugár (Ph.D. student) has finished an important study, "Epiphanius:
Iconoclast and Origenist?" which proves the inauthenticity of the "iconoclast fragments" attributed to Epiphanius. The study is ready for publication, and we are looking now for an appropriate review.
The monograph of Levan Gigineishvili (Ph.D. student), loanne Petritsi: His Place in Neoplatonic and Byzantine Philosophical Traditions, w i l l also be finished in this academic year. Simultaneously, he is working on a translation from the Georgian of the Seven Letters of St. Anthony. The translated text will be commented upon by István Perczel.
Irina Kolbutova (Ph.D. student) is now preparing her first publication on the metaphysical world-diagrams contained in the Uta Evangelistary (eleventh century), i n collaboration with István Perczel.
I V . R E S E A R C H P R O J E C T O N C O M P U T E R S U P P O R T E D P R O C E S S I N G O F S L A V O N I C
M A N U S C R I P T S AND E A R L Y P R I N T E D B O O K S Ralph Cleminson
The research project on Computer Supported Processing of Slavonic Manuscripts and Early Printed Books funded by the CEU Research Board has been a co
ordinating operation based i n the department of Medieval Studies of the CEU uniting various projects related to this area of research. Its object has been to assist specialists both from Central and Eastern Europe and from the West working i n the field of Slavic studies i n three principal ways: first, by researching and developing computer tools suitable for solving specific problems of entering, storing and re
trieving Slavonic texts i n manuscripts and i n early printed books; second, by col
lecting data on applicable computer tools and providing guidelines and resources for computer-assisted research and education; third, to improve the dissemination of information by hard publications and internet resources and by bringing together interested scholars for the exchange of expertise.
Though the study, description and cataloguing of Cyrillic MS S and early printed books has a long tradition, the proliferation of information has brought with it new methodological problems. Research i n any field of manuscript studies (textological, linguistic, historical, art historical or any other) is facilitated by and indeed demands meticulous collation of sources. This is no easy task, involving as it does a detailed manual search through publications which are frequently not easily accessible on account of their number and dispersal and as often as not sheer physical unavailability. The resources of information technology provide the best means of addressing these problems, but require considerable development before they are easily usable with this type of text. There has been an increasing awareness of the need for increased co-operation and communication between scholars working i n the field i n different locations, and with the removal of the political obstacles which until lately made such an initiative impossible, this project has represented a first step towards a genuine internationalisation of the field.
The development of techniques has throughout been tied to actual practice, with participants in the project being involved in three major initiatives involving medieval texts, viz. the encoding of manuscript miscellanies i n Sofia, the descrip
tion of the Cyrillic manuscripts of Lviv, and the Anglo-Irish union catalogue of early printed Cyrillic books. The project's outcomes, moreover, are designed to be univer
sally applicable, being based on the following principles: standardisation of the file
format; multiple use (ensured by the separation of data from processing; portability of electronic texts (independence of local platforms); necessity of long term preser
vation of manuscripts and early printed books in electronic form; orientation towards well-structured divisions of data according to established traditions of codicology, orthography, palaeography, textology, etc.
It was early decided that Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML) and its application according to the guidelines of the Text Encoding Initiative (TEI) correspond most adequately to these principles. (Anyone interested in the details of what this means may find out more at their respective home pages, viz http://mvvv.oasis-open.org/cover/sginl-xnil.htnil and http://www.uic.edu:8()/orgs/tei/.)
The progress of the project during the past year was considerably hampered by the inefficiencies of the system for disbursing research monies at the CEU, where the budgetal system was undergoing reorganisation. Nevertheless, we can derive considerable satisfaction from the fact that all the individual initiatives connected with the project have benefited tangibly by their mutual association, not only i n terms of direct contact between participants, but also through exchange of experi
ence and expertise. Much of the project's work has naturally been conducted i n
"cyberspace", but one major event i n its operation in Budapest was the workshop which took place on November 11th—17th in the department (see pp. 197). This was arranged to co-incide with a CRC visit to the Department which brought together participants from ten countries, both project members and outsiders, to consider some basic and more advanced aspects of text encoding and its application to their immediate research interests. This had a considerable success in disseminating the achievements of the project, heightening awareness within the region of the exist
ence of this type of research, and establishing contacts between individuals working within the field who had previously been operating in relative isolation.
Results from the project were also presented at an international forum at the Twelfth International Congress of Slavists i n Cracow, i n the form of a panel on computer applications to medieval texts, the papers from which were published in Palaeobulgarica xxii/2.
S U M M E R U N I V E R S I T Y C O U R S E
D O C U M E N T A T I O N A N D R E C O N S T R U C T I O N O F C U L T U R A L H E R I T A G E
József Laszlovszky
The 1998 Summer University Course, "Documentation and Reconstruction of Cultural Heritage", was envisioned as a follow-up to the 1997 Summer University course, "Cultural Heritage in Danger." The great interest in, and response to, this course shows that this is an issue which continues to remain the joint concern of the Central and Eastern European region. Intended to contribute to solving the manifold problems encountered in the field of cultural heritage preservation, the course was in part based on the responses to the Cultural Heritage Information Centre, a regional cooperative network created as part of the SUN £97 course. The main emphasis was again on the presentation of institutions involved in, and projects designed for, the documentation of cultural heritage.
One of the key issues i n this respect is the adequate documentation of the region's cultural heritage. A great deficiency i n this field is the lack of a uniform documentation system. We hoped to contribute to the latter by presenting various approaches and philosophies of documentation, as well as the different documenta-tion techniques, and by raising awareness of the need to document the endangered cultural heritage, both architectural and artistic. The threats to the latter are especially acute owing to the growing illegal export of cultural objects. The docu-mentation, both textual and visual, of cultural objects is crucial to their protection and to the prevention of their illicit trade.
The need for the "complete and lasting documentation of sites, structures, cultural landscapes, objects and cultural systems" was one of the main issues discussed at the CSCE's Cracow Symposium. Recent military conflicts have also posed a serious threat to the cultural heritage, and the lack of an adequate documentation was heavily felt. The catalogue of losses is especially extensive i n former Yugoslavia, and underlines the need for documenting what still remains of the cultural heritage.
A total of twenty-eight students were selected from over one hundred applicants, from almost all the countries of Central and Eastern Europe. Beside receiving a higher number of applications, and from many more countries than in
1997, we also found that the applicants' academic level was i n general higher than last year. Most of the applicants who had been accepted to the course came from institutions involved in the protection of cultural heritage, national and regional archives, and national and regional museums, and they were invariably also involved in education on various levels. We therefore feel that the course which had many lectures focusing on these issues had both theoretical and practical relevance for the participants.
We also asked course participants to prepare a summary of their work and of the cultural heritage projects they were currently involved in. Most of them sent this material well in advance of the course and this offered us an opportunity to schedule specialized consultations and, also, to organize individual meetings with Hungarian specialists working in the field of heritage documentation.
The lecturers invited to the course covered many aspects of this complex issue.
Although the main emphasis was on documentation, some lectures were devoted to conservation and reconstruction techniques based on the still available evidence, as well as to the presentation of cultural heritage to a wider audience (e.g. in museums).
Most of our lecturers came well equipped with visual material (slides, CDs.
transparencies, etc.), and this meant that almost none of the lectures were of the
"speaking heads" type since our lecturers were able to illustrate the points they wanted to impress on the participants. Since a great variety of visual material was presented, this allowed our participants to compare them and, indirectly, to learn about the different possibilities of creating visual material for cultural heritage presentation.
We tried to offer a wide variety of lecture types. Some were regular lectures i n the classroom, some were held i n the computer lab and called for greater interaction between participants and lecturers, some involved visits to museums and public collections, and we also organized a so-called heritage walk around the centre of Budapest, pointing out monuments and offering a practical discussion of preservation issues.
Based on our experience from last year, we also organized two field trips, one to Esztergom and Pannonhalma, the other to the medieval monuments at Visegrád.
Both field trips were designed to illustrate specific points i n heritage preservation (such as digital cataloging and monument preservation). The field trip to Visegrád
also offered an excellent environment for the discussion of reconstruction theories and their practical implementation.
Jointly with the Hungarian Oxford Society, we organized a public lecture, given by John Steane on the monuments of Oxford. The lecture was attended by many other people beside our participants. Since the audience included the German Ambassador to Hungary and an MP of the Hungarian Parliament, this event also illustrated how influential public figures can be drawn into cultural heritage issues.
The other social event of the course was the Renaissance style farewell dinner at Visegrád at the end of the second field trip, a good example of heritage tourism in practice and of how the larger public can be made aware of heritage issues.
As part of the course, we organized a visit to the CEU-ELTE Medieval Studies Library. We also received quite a few book donations from the participants, most of which were fairly inaccessible publications. Our Cultural Heritage Archives were also enriched by various legal heritage texts and project descriptions.
Both last year and this year our experience was that the participants were very enthusiastic about preparing various materials for the course. This year we also asked our applicants to translate a so-called Object ED Checklist (prepared by the Getty Information Institute and useful for recovering stolen antiquities and artworks) into their respective mother tongue. In the end, we received translations in almost ten languages.
Program of the Summer University Course July 6-17, 1998
Monday, July 6
Course Introduction
Tamás Sajó (Research Project coordinator) Renata Mikolajczyk (Ph.D. student)
Cultural Heritage in Denmark: Medieval church frescoes on the Web
Axel Bolvig (Professor at the Department of History/The Visual Construction of Reality, University of Copenhagen )
SUN Cultural heritage programmes and CEU Cultural Heritage Information Centre
József Laszlovszky (Associate Professor, CEU Medieval Studies Department) Visit to the CEU-ELTE Medieval Library
Balázs Nagy (Library curator, CEU-ELTE Medieval Library) Visit to the CEU Medieval Studies Visual Lab
Tamás Sajó (Research Project coordinator)
Tuesday, July 7
Digital documentation of cultural heritage
Axel Bolvig (Professor at the Department of History/The Visual Construction of Reality, University of Copenhagen )
Visit to the CEU Central Library Visit to the CEU Computer Lab
Visit to the CEU-ELTE Medieval Library
Balázs Nagy (Library curator, CEU-ELTE Medieval Library) Visit to the CEU Medieval Studies Visual Lab
Tamás Sajó (Research Project coordinator) Wednesday, July 8
Course-oriented Internet session
Tamás Sajó (Research Project coordinator)
Visit to the Hungarian National Museum (multimedia & exhibition)
József Laszlovszky (Associate Professor, CEU Medieval Studies Department) Visit to the Ráday Collection (Digital Catalogue of Books & Manuscripts) Tamás Sajó (Research Project coordinator)
Thursday, July 9
Course-oriented Internet session
Tamás Sajó (Research Project coordinator) Medieval material culture and its visual sources
Gerhard Jaritz (Professor, CEU Medieval Studies Department) Digitization of visual sources
Gerhard Jaritz (Professor, CEU Medieval Studies Department) Cultural heritage walk in the city centre of Budapest
Pál Ritoók (Research Fellow, Museum of Hungarian Architecture) Friday, July 10
Field trip
Esztergom, Christian Art Museum (Digital cataloging of the museum collection)
Dóra Sallay (Ph.D. student, CEU Medieval Studies Department) Tamás Sajó (Research Project coordinator)
Pannonhalma, Medieval Benedictine Abbey, UNESCO World Heritage site (Museum, Library, A r t Collection, Monuments)
József Laszlovszky (Associate Professor, CEU Medieval Studies Department)
Monuments of Oxford
John Steane (Lecturer, University of Oxford, Department for Continuing Education)
Monday, July 13
Digitization of manuscripts and other documents
Manfred Thaller (Professor, Max-Planck-Institut für Geschichte, Göttingen) New advances in monument protection
John Steane (Lecturer, University of Oxford, Department for Continuing Education)
International projects on manuscript digitization
Manfred Thaller (Professor, Max-Planck-Institut für Geschichte, Göttingen) Tuesday, July 14
Planning digitization projects
Manfred Thaller (Professor, Max-Planck-Institut für Geschichte, Göttingen) Writing on cultural heritage issues (research plans, grant applications) Mary Beth Davis (Senior Instructor, CEU Medieval Studies Department) Consultancy work in monumentpreser\>ation
John Steane (Lecturer, University of Oxford, Department for Continuing Education)
Wednesday, July 15
Architectural conservation studies
Jaroslav Kilian (Programme Director, Academia Istropolitana Nova, Bratislava)
Presentation of cultural heritage to a wider public (writing CD-ROM texts) Mary Beth Davis (Senior Instructor, CEU Medieval Studies Department) Monument documentation
Jaroslav Kilian (Programme Director, Academia Istropolitana Nova, Bratislava)
Academic writing workshop based on individual research material Mary Beth Davis (Senior Instructor, CEU Medieval Studies Department) Cultural heritage legislation
Katalin Wollak (Director, Hungarian Cultural Heritage Directorate, Hungarian National Museum)
Thursday, July 16
Cultural heritage legislation
Katalin Wollák (Director, Hungarian Cultural Heritage Directorate, Hungarian National Museum)
Monument documentation
Jaroslav Kilian (Programme Director, Academia Istropolitana Nova, Bratislava)
Academic writing workshop based on individual research material Mary Beth Davis (Senior Instructor, CEU Medieval Studies Department) Visit to Hungarian cultural heritage institutions
Friday, July 17 Field trip
Documentation and reconstruction of medieval monuments at Visegrád József Laszlovszky (Associate Professor, CEU Medieval Studies Department) Renaissance style farewell dinner