/DERUDWyULXPLPHJILJ\HOpVHNNOtPDNDPUiNEDQ

)HMO GpVLLG HOHP]pVH

K PpUVpNOHW pV IRWRSHULyGXV KDWiVD D NiSRV]WDOHSNH OiUYiN IHMO GpVLLGHMpUH

$] HUHGPpQ\HNHW D] D E pV F WiEOi]DWRN IRJODOMiN |VV]H $ YDULDQFLDWiEOi]DWRNEpVFMREEDOVyiUQ\pNROWVDUNiEDQV]HUHSHOD + PpUVpNOHW î )RWRSHULyGXV î /iUYDiOODSRW PiVRGUHQG N|OFV|QKDWiV H] NpSH]L D KLEDNRPSRQHQVW D] )SUyEiNQiO VSHFLiOLVDQ D] 6]' pUWpNHNNpS]pVpQpO

.RPELQiFLyNK PpUVpNOHWpVIRWRSHULyGXVHJ\WWHVKDWiVD

$ OiUYDIHMO GpV WHOMHV LGHMpUH YRQDWNR]yDQ V]LJQLILNiQV HOWpUpVW WDOiOWXQN D NRPELQiFLy N|]|WW HEEHQ D] / OiUYDVWiGLXP MiUXOpND GRPLQiO D] HOV QpJ\ VWiGLXP N|]O FVDN D] / EHQ OiWV]LN HQ\KH S RVKLEDV]LQWHQV]LJQLILNiQVKDWiVOiVGDWiEOi]DWpVD]EpVF WiEOi]DWRNWDOMHO|OWVRUD

+ PpUVpNOHWKDWiVDDOiUYiNIHMO GpVLLGHMpUHDpVEWiEOi]DW 7HOMHVOiUYDIHMO GpVLLG

$ IRWRSHULyGXVRN iWODJiEDQ D K PpUVpNOHWQHN QHP YROW NLPXWDWKDWy KDWiVD D NRPELQiFLyN YDULDELOLWiViEyO PLQG|VV]H RW PDJ\DUi]

J\DNRUODWLODJVHPPLW

0iV D NpS D IRWRSHULyGXVRQNpQWL ERQWiVEDQ $] |W /' V]LQWHQ D K PpUVpNOHW |VV]HVHQ RW PDJ\DUi] D NRPELQiFLyN N|]|WWL YDULDELOLWiVEyOH]S RVKLEDV]LQWHQV]LJQLILNiQVOiVGEWiEOi]DW Ä|VV]HVHQ´VRUD$KLiQ\]yD]FWiEOi]DWVRUiEDQMHO]HWWD IRWRSHULyGXV iWODJRV KDWiVD )RWRSHULyGXVRQNpQWL ERQWiVEDQ HOWpU WHQGHQFLiNPXWDWNR]QDN$]/'pVD]/'V]LQWHNQpODWHOMHV IHMO GpVL LG D &RV K PpUVpNOHWQpO V]LJQLILNiQVDQ FV|NNHQ XJ\DQDNNRUD]/'QpOHQ\KpQV]LJQLILNiQVHPHONHGpVWDSDV]WDOKDWy (] D MHOHQVpJ D PDJDV K PpUVpNOHW pV D KRVV]~ PHJYLOiJtWiV HJ\WWHV KDWiViYDOPDJ\DUi]KDWy$OiEEUpV]OHWH]HPD]/ pV/VWiGLXPRNDW

/ VWiGLXP

$ IRWRSHULyGXVRN iWODJiEDQ HQ\KH KDWiV YROW NLPXWDWKDWy 66 06 S D K PpUVpNOHW HPHONHGpVpYHO D IHMO GpVL LG QpPLOHJ FV|NNHQ $ IRWRSHULyGXVRNRQ EHOO D K PpUVpNOHW |VV]HV KDWiVDSHKKH]D]/'RWDGSD]

/'KR]]iMiUXOiVDS$]/'IRWRSHULyGXVQiO DIHMO GpVLLG KDWiUR]RWWDQU|YLGOHPHONHG K PpUVpNOHWWHO

/ VWiGLXP

$ IRWRSHULyGXVRN iWODJiEDQ D K PpUVpNOHWKDWiV HOPRVyGLN 66 PLQG|VV]HQHPV]LJQLILNiQV$]|VV]HVK PpUVpNOHWKDWiVYLV]RQW HU V 66 S H]HQ EHOO D] /' IRWRSHULyGXVEDQ D OHJHU VHEE D K PpUVpNOHW KDWiVD S KDWiUR]RWW FV|NNHQ WHQGHQFLD WDSDV]WDOKDWy *\HQJH pV WHQGHQFLiW QHP PXWDWy K PpUVpNOHWKDWiVOiWV]LNPpJD]/'V]LQWHQ

DWiEOi]DW+ PpUVpNOHWpVIRWRSHULyGXVKDWiVDDNiSRV]WDOHSNH

EWiEOi]DW9DULDQFLDDQDOt]LV+ PpUVpNOHWKDWiVDDNiSRV]WDOHSNHOiUYiNIHMO GpVLLGHMpUH

)RWRSHULyGXVKDWiVDDOiUYiNIHMO GpVLLGHMpUHDpVFWiEOi]DW 7HOMHVOiUYDIHMO GpVLLG

$ K PpUVpNOHWHN iWODJiEDQ D IRWRSHULyGXV D NRPELQiFLyN YDULDELOLWiViEyO RW V]LJQLILNiQV KiQ\DGRW PDJ\DUi] H] ]|PPHO D]/^% VWiGLXPUDtUKDWy

+ PpUVpNOHWHNUH ERQWiVEDQ D KiURP K PpUVpNOHW V]LQW |VV]HVHQ RWPDJ\DUi]DNRPELQiFLyNN|]|WWLYDULDELOLWiVEyOH]S RV KLEDV]LQWHQ V]LJQLILNiQV OiVG F WiEOi]DW Ä|VV]HVHQ´ VRUD $ KLiQ\]y D]EWiEOi]DWVRUiEDQMHO]HWWDK PpUVpNOHWiWODJRVKDWiVD$

RV |VV]HV KDWiV QDJ\MiEyO HJ\HQO HQ RV]OLN PHJ D K PpUVpNOHWL V]LQWHN N|]|WW PLQGKiURP V]LQWHQ V]LJQLILNiQV D IRWRSHULyGXV KDWiVD $ NpW DODFVRQ\DEE K PpUVpNOHWQpO D PHJYLOiJtWiV LG WDUWDPiYDO FV|NNHQ D WHOMHV IHMO GpVL LG PtJ &QiO D] /' V]LQWHQ D PpUW pUWpN IHOXJULN

$ OiUYDiOODSRWRN N|]O LWW /^& pV /^% PHOOHWW /^' UyO LV V]yOQL NHOO PHUW HEEHQLVWDOiOXQNV]LJQLILNiQVNRPSRQHQVW

/⁽ VWiGLXP

$ K PpUVpNOHWHN iWODJiEDQ D IRWRSHULyGXVQDN QLQFV KDWiVD GH D

&RVK PpUVpNOHWQpOS RVV]LQWHQKDWiVWDSDV]WDOKDWyDOiUYiN IHMO GpVLLGHMHPHJQ\~OLNDPLQWDPHJYLOiJtWiVWDUWDPDQ

/⁾ VWiGLXP

$ K PpUVpNOHWHN iWODJiEDQ FVDN S RV V]LQWHQ V]LJQLILNiQV D IRWRSHULyGXV KDWiVD GXUYiQ FV|NNHQ WHQGHQFLD OiWV]LN $ NRPELQiFLyN N|]|WWLPpUVpNHOWYDULDELOLWiVV]LQWHWHOMHVHQ66 DIRWRSHULyGXV KDWiViQDN WXODMGRQtWKDWy H] D]RQEDQ FVDN D & K PpUVpNOHWQpO

V]LJQLILNiQV S LWW FV|NNHQ WHQGHQFLiW OiWXQN D PHJYLOiJtWiV WDUWDPiQDNQ|YHNHGpVpYHO

/^* VWiGLXP

$K PpUVpNOHWHNiWODJiEDQLJHQHU VKDWiVWDSDV]WDOKDWyMyOOiWKDWyD FV|NNHQ WHQGHQFLD + PpUVpNOHWL V]LQWHNUH ERQWiVEDQ D IRWRSHULyGXV

|VV]HV KDWiVD S RV KLEDYDOyV]tQ VpJJHO V]LJQLILNiQV 0LQGH] I OHJ D &RV K PpUVpNOHWL V]LQW MiUXOpND 66 S DKRO D IRWRIi]LV Q|YHNHGpVpYHO KDWiUR]RWWDQ FV|NNHQW D OiUYiN IHMO GpVLLGHMH

.|OFV|QKDWiVRN

$ IHQWLHNEHQ PiU XWDOWDP DUUD KRJ\ D K PpUVpNOHW KDWiVD HOWpU D]

HJ\HVIRWRSHULyGXVRNQiOXJ\DQ~J\DIRWRSHULyGXVKDWiVDHOWpU D]HJ\HV K PpUVpNOHWHNQpO(]HND+ PpUVpNOHWî)RWRSHULyGXVN|OFV|QKDWiVRND WHOMHV IHMO GpVL LG QpO pV D OiUYDVWiGLXPRQNpQWL ERQWiVQiO HJ\DUiQW WDSDV]WDOKDWyN ( N|OFV|QKDWiVRN HU VVpJH pV V]LJQLILNDQFLiMD D YDULDQFLDDQDOt]LVWiEOi]DWDLQDNXWROVyVRUDLEDQROYDVKDWyNOHDOJHEUDLODJ D]VRURN|VV]HJpQHNpVDVRUQDNDNO|QEVpJH

$+ PpUVpNOHW î /iUYDiOODSRW N|OFV|QKDWiV D] /' V]LQWQpO V]LJQLILNiQV OiVG E WiEOi]DW XWROVy RV]ORSiW $ )RWRSHULyGXV î /iUYDiOODSRW N|OFV|QKDWiV & K PpUVpNOHWQpO HQ\KpQ S KLEDV]LQWHQ V]LJQLILNiQV OiVG F WiEOi]DW XWROVy RV]ORSiW ( N|OFV|QKDWiVRN WDUWDOPiUyO LV YROW V]y D IHQWHEELHNEHQ D] HJ\HV OiUYDVWiGLXPRNEDQPiVPiVPpUWpN KDWiVRNUyOWDQ~VNRGQDN

/iUYDPRUWDOLWiVHOHP]pVH

K PpUVpNOHW pV IRWRSHULyGXV KDWiVD D NiSRV]WDOHSNH OiUYiN PRUWDOLWiViUD

0LHO WW D NtVpUOHWQNQpO DONDOPD]RWW NO|QE|] K PpUVpNOHW pV IRWRSHULyGXVpUWpNHN±EiEVWiGLXPEDQpV]OHOKHW ±GLDSDX]DUHDNFLyLQDN EHPXWDWiViUD VRU NHUOQH OiVG IHMH]HW LQGRNROW LVPHUWHWQL D OiUYDQHYHOpVVRUiQHOSXV]WXOWSRSXOiFLyKiQ\DGQDJ\ViJiWLV

$] DOiEELDNEDQ D WHOMHV OiUYDIHMO GpVL LG YpJpUH HOSXV]WXOW HJ\HGHN DEV]RO~W pV UHODWtY pUWpNV]iPiQ W~OPHQ HQ D] HJ\HV OiUYDVWiGLXPRNEDQ WDSDV]WDOWPRUWDOLWiVLVEHPXWDWiVUDNHUOWiEOi]DW

$ WiEOi]DW DGDWDLW HOHPH]YH DKRO HOSXV]WXOW HJ\HG RV PRUWDOLWiVL DUiQ\W MHOHQW OiWKDWy KRJ\ D ILDWDO /⁰ OiUYiN V]iPiUD D]

DODFVRQ\DEE & K PpUVpNOHWWHO SiURVXOy yUiV PHJYLOiJtWiV NHGYH] WOHQHEE QHYHOpVL N|UOPpQ\W WHUHPWHWW PLQW XJ\DQH]HQ YDJ\

KRVV]DEE PHJYLOiJtWiV PDJDVDEE & K PpUVpNOHWWHO SiURVXOYD

$] HO EELHNHW GHPRQVWUiOy JUDILNRQ iEUD D]W LV MHO]L KRJ\ D]

DODFVRQ\ K PpUVpNOHW pV U|YLGHEE PHJYLOiJtWiV HJ\WWHV KDWiVD D] ± /¹ NLYpWHOpYHO±DW|EELOiUYDIHMO GpVLV]DNDV]EDQVHPYROWNHGYH]

WiEOi]DW .iSRV]WDOHSNHOiUYiNPRUWDOLWiVDHOWpU K PpUVpNOHWHQpV

+ PpUVpNOHWHNN|]|WWLHOWpUpVUH _{> @}

NKt

)RWRSHULyGXVRNN|]|WWLHOWpUpVUH _{> @}

NKt

9:;=<

9?>

9?@

;=<

0RUWDOLWiVL

/iUYDVWiGLXP

iEUD$NiSRV]WDOHSNHKHUQ\yNPRUWDOLWiVLDD]HJ\HVOiUYD VWiGLXPRNIJJYpQ\pEHQ/'IRWRSHULyGXVRQNO|QE|]

K PpUVpNOHWHQ

7RYiEEHOHPH]YHDWiEOi]DWDGDWDLWPHJiOODStWKDWyKRJ\DIHMO GpV HO UHKDODGWiYDO D] /^A HV VWiGLXPLJ D QHYHOpVL N|UQ\H]HW K PpU VpNOHWpQHN&UDW|UWpQ Q|YHOpVHEiUPHO\QDSSDOKRVV]~ViJPHOOHWWD PRUWDOLWiVWHOMHVHOPDUDGiViWHUHGPpQ\H]WH

/iWKDWy YLV]RQW KRJ\ D K PpUVpNOHW WRYiEEL &UD W|UWpQ Q|YHOpVHNRU D OiUYDIHMO GpV HO UHKDODGWiYDO Q WW D OiUYDKDODQGyViJ HOV GOHJHVHQ D pV yUiV PHJYLOiJtWiVRNRQ .O|Q|VHQ pU]pNHQ\QHN PXWDWNR]WDN D PDJDV K PpUVpNOHWWHO SiURVXOy KRVV]~

PHJYLOiJtWiVUD D] /^B|V VWiGLXP~ OiUYiN $ MHOHQVpJ HVHWQNEHQ D]]DO LV PDJ\DUi]KDWyKRJ\HEEHQDQHYHOpVLN|UQ\H]HWEHQWiSOiOpNIRJ\DV]WiVXN V]HPPHOOiWKDWyDQOHFV|NNHQW

(OV GOHJHVHQ H]HQ OiUYDSRSXOiFLyEyO NLDODNXOW EiERN N|]|WW WDOiOWXQN HOSXV]WXOW HJ\HGHNHW EHV]iUDGW Q\iONiV LOOHWYH PLFpOLXPPDO IHGHWW

EiERNDW (]HN D WQHWHN YtUXV YDJ\ EDNWpULXPIHUW ]pVUH XWDOWDN LOOHWYH QpKiQ\ HVHWEHQ URYDUSDWRJpQ JRPED SO3DHFLORP\FHV VS 0RQLOLDFHV UHQGMHOHQOpWHLVNLPXWDWKDWyYROW

eUGHNHVQHNW QLNKRJ\DOHJDODFVRQ\DEEKDODQGyViJRWDpV&

RV K PpUVpNOHWHQ PLQG D] |W YL]VJiOW IRWRSHULyGXVRQ D] /^C VWiGLXP~

OiUYiNPXWDWWiN

$ YL]VJiOW IRWRSHULyGXVRN |VV]HVtWpVpEHQ iEUi]ROYD D] DGRWW QHYHOpVL K PpUVpNOHWHNHQ WDSDV]WDOW OiUYDPRUWDOLWiVW iEUD PHJiOODStWKDWy KRJ\ ± NtVpUOHWQNQpO ± D OHJNHGYH] EE OiUYDQHYHOpVL IHOWpWHOHNHW D

&NDOSiURVXOy/'pVIRWRSHULyGXVWHUHPWHWWHPHJ

iEUD$NiSRV]WDOHSNHKHUQ\yNPRUWDOLWiVLDNO|QE|]

IRWRSHULyGXVpVK PpUVpNOHWHVHWpEHQ

$ OiUYDiOODSRWRN |VV]HVtWpVpEHQ /^D/^B YL]VJiOYD D PRUWDOLWiVL HVHWV]iPRNDW NKt

SUyED PHJiOODStWKDWy KRJ\ D K PpUVpNOHWQHN LJHQ /' /' /'/' /'

FHGJILK

FNM

FNO ILK

ILK

0RUWDOLWiVL

HU V PtJ D IRWRSHULyGXVQDN YDODPLYHO J\HQJpEE V]HUHSH YDQ D OiUYDSXV]WXOiVEDQ0LQGNpWKDWiVV]LJQLILNiQV

'LDSDX]DNpUGpVHOHP]pVH

D K PpUVpNOHW pV IRWRSHULyGXV KDWiVD D NiSRV]WDOHSNH GLDSDX]D YLV]RQ\iUD

$ WHQ\pV]WpV VRUiQ D OiUYDQpSHVVpJ EL]RQ\RV V]i]DOpND HOSXV]WXOW HUU O UpV]OHWHVHQ D] HO ] IHMH]HWEHQ V]iPROWXQN EH tJ\ D OiUYiNDW pU HOWpU K PpUVpNOHW pV IRWRSHULyGXV ± GLDSDX]iOy EiERN DUiQ\iEDQ PHJPXWDWNR]y ± KDWiVD FVDN D WHQ\pV]WpV YpJpLJ pOYH PDUDGW HJ\HGHN HVHWpEHQYiOWpUWpNHOKHW YpWiEOi]DW

$ WiEOi]DW DGDWDLW HOHPH]YH PHJiOODStWKDWy KRJ\ D] iOWDOXQN YL]VJiOW OHJDODFVRQ\DEE K PpUVpNOHWHQ &RQ YDODPLQW yUiV QDSSDOKRVV]RQ QHYHOW OiUYDSRSXOiFLyN HVHWpEHQ D EiERN EDQ GLDSDX]iEDQ PDUDGWDN (] D RV GLDSDX]D DUiQ\ DNNRU VHP YiOWR]RWW DPLNRU D QHYHOpVL N|UQ\H]HW K PpUVpNOHWH &NDO &UD Q|YHNHGHWW

$ PHJYLOiJtWiV LG WDUWDPiQDN yUiYDO W|UWpQ Q|YHOpVH UyO yUiUD & PHOOHWW RV GLDSDX]D DUiQ\ FV|NNHQpVW & PHOOHWW SHGLJ PiU RV GLDSDX]D QpONOL WRYiEEIHMO GpVW HUHGPpQ\H]HWW $ OHJPDJDVDEE QHYHOpVL K PpUVpNOHW & PHOOHWWL yUiV PHJYLOiJtWiVQiO D GLDSDX]iOy EiERN DUiQ\D YROW (]HQ D

K PpUVpNOHWHQ±V]HPEHQDLOO&RVN|UQ\H]HWWHO±D]/' IRWRSHULyGXVPiUQHPLQGXNiOWGLDSDX]iWDPDJDVK PpUVpNOHWIHOROGRWWD DIRWRSHULyGXVKDWiViW

+RVV]DEE PHJYLOiJtWiVQiO pV yUD PLQGKiURP K PpUVpN OHWHQ D SRSXOiFLy EDQ GLDSDX]D QpONO IHMO G|WW WRYiEE -yO V]HPOpOWHWLDPHJILJ\HOpVHLQNQpOUHJLV]WUiOWGLDSDX]DpUWpNHNHWDiEUD

WiEOi]DW)RWRSHULyGXVpVK PpUVpNOHWKDWiVDDNiSRV]WDOHSNHGLDSDX]D V]i]DOpNiUD

+ P )RWRSHULyGXV /'

$WHQ\pV]WpVYpJpLJpOYH PDUDGWOiUYiNV]iPD

'LDSDX]iOyEiERN DUiQ\D

&

iEUD$IRWRSHULyGXVpVDK PpUVpNOHWKDWiVDDGLDSDX]iOy NiSRV]WDOHSNHEiERNiUD

)HMWRNV]pOHVVpJHOHP]pVH

K PpUVpNOHW pV IRWRSHULyGXV KDWiVD D NiSRV]WDOHSNH OiUYiN IHMWRNV]pOHVVpJpUH

0HJILJ\HOpVHLQN H]HQ V]DNDV]iEDQ DUUD D NpUGpVUH NHUHVWN D YiODV]W KRJ\ D QHYHOpVL N|UQ\H]HW K PpUVpNOHW pV IRWRSHULyGXV pUWpNHLQHN YDQH KDWiVD D NiSRV]WDOHSNH OiUYiN IHMWRNV]pOHVVpJpQHN DODNXOiViUD $]

(XVFHOLV SOHEHMXV )$// NDEyFDIDM HVHWpEHQ 0OOHU IRWRSHULyGXV KDWiVQDN WXODMGRQtWRWW NOV pV EHOV PRUIROyJLDL NO|QEVpJHNU O V]iPRO EHIHMWRNV]pOHVVpJpVJHQLWiOLDDODNXOiVYRQDWNR]iViEDQ

PQSRHTVURR

PQWRYXURHZ

P[QWRN\ U]

P[QWRN^ U_

P[QWRN` U`

ba c[a da e a f a g[a h a ia ja baa

klmnmopm

rtstuLsvxwJy{z|~}[

IRN&HOVLXV IRN&HOVLXV IRN&HOVLXV

$ IHMWRNV]pOHVVpJL PpUpVHN HUHGPpQ\HLW D D E F pV D]

WiEOi]DWRN IRJODOMiN |VV]H $ VWDWLV]WLNDL HOHP]pV VpPiMD PHJHJ\H]LN D IHMO GpVLLG HOHP]pVpQpODONDOPD]RWWVpPiYDO$]HOWpUpVDQQ\LKRJ\LWW D OiUYDiOODSRWRN |VV]HJpQHN RV]ORSDL pUWHOHPV]HU HQ QHP V]HUHSHOQHN D WiEOi]DWRNEDQ$]HOHP]pVWNLHJpV]tWHWWHPD'<$5LQGH[HNDODNXOiViQDN YL]VJiODWiYDOWiEOi]DW

.RPELQiFLyNK PpUVpNOHWpVIRWRSHULyGXVHJ\WWHVKDWiVD

$IHMWRNV]pOHVVpJUHYRQDWNR]yDQV]LJQLILNiQVHOWpUpVPXWDWNR]RWWD NRPELQiFLy N|]|WW |VV]HVHQ H]HQ EHOO /^C EDQ HU V /^A EHQ HQ\KH PHJEt]KDWyViJ~ NDSFVRODW OiWV]LN OiVG D WiEOi]DW pV D E pV F WiEOi]DWRN WDO MHO|OW VRUD $] DOiEELDNEDQ FVDN D NpW OiUYDiOODSRWRW YL]VJiOMXNPHJUpV]OHWHVHEEHQ

+ PpUVpNOHWKDWiVDDOiUYiNIHMWRNV]pOHVVpJpQHN DODNXOiViUD DpVE WiEOi]DW

/ VWiGLXP

$ IRWRSHULyGXVRN iWODJiEDQ D K PpUVpNOHWQHN HU V KDWiVD YROW 66 06 D K PpUVpNOHW HPHONHGpVpYHO D IHMWRNV]pOHVVpJ KDWiUR]RWWFV|NNHQpVWPXWDW

In document Autökológiai vizsgálatok a káposztalepkével (Pieris brassicae l.) kapcsolatban (Pldal 37-51)

/DERUDWyULXPLPHJILJ\HOpVHNNOtPDNDPUiNEDQ

/DERUDWyULXPLPHJILJ\HOpVHNNOtPDNDPUiNEDQ

NKt

NKt

 &

 &

 &

&

&

&