▼❛③#♦❧❛ ✕ ♠✐♥❞❡♥❦✐♥❡❦
❙❛"" ❇$❧✐♥(
▼❚❆ ◆②❡❧✈(✉❞♦♠-♥②✐ ■♥(1③❡(
❛ ✳❜❛❧✐♥'❅♥②'✉❞✳♠'❛✳❤✉
❑✐✈♦♥❛& ❆ ✐❣1❦ ❜➤✈7(♠1♥②8③❡9❦❡③❡(1♥❡❦ ✈✐③8❣-❧❛(-9❛ 8③♦❧❣-❧; ▼❛③#♦❧❛
❡8③❦<③( 8③❛❜❛❞♦♥ ❡❧19❤❡(➤✈1 (❡88③>❦✳ ❊③③❡❧ ♠❡❣♥②7❧✐❦ ❛ ❧❡❤❡(➤81❣✱ ❤♦❣②
❛ 8❛❥-( ❛❞❛(❛✐ ❤❛8③♥-❧❛(-✈❛❧ ❜-9❦✐ ❡❣②8③❡9➯❡♥ ❦18③7(8❡♥ ❤❛8♦♥❧; ❢✉♥❦❝✐✲
♦♥❛❧✐(-8G ❦✉(❛(;❡8③❦<③(✳ ❆♠✐♥( ❧-(♥✐ ❢♦❣❥✉❦✱ ❛ ▼❛③8♦❧❛ ❛❧❦❛❧♠❛8 ♥❡♠
❝8❛❦ ♠❛❣②❛9 ♥②❡❧✈➯✱ ❤❛♥❡♠ ♠-8 ♥②❡❧✈➯ 8③<✈❡❣❡❦ ❦❡③❡❧1819❡ ✐8❀ ♥❡♠ ❝8❛❦
❡❣②♥②❡❧✈➯✱ ❤❛♥❡♠ ♣-9❤✉③❛♠♦8 ❦♦9♣✉8③9❛ ✐8❀ 8➤( ♥❡♠ ❝8❛❦ ✐❣1❦ 18 ❜➤✈7(✲
♠1♥②❡❦✱ ❤❛♥❡♠ ♠-8 8(9✉❦(G9-❦ ✈✐③8❣-❧❛(-9❛ ✐8✳
❑✉❧❝**③❛✈❛❦✿ ❦♦9♣✉8③✱ ✐❣❡✱ ❜➤✈7(♠1♥②✱ (<❜❜8③❛✈❛8 ❦✐❢❡❥❡③18✱ ❦♦9♣✉8③❧❡✲
❦19❞❡③➤
✶✳ ❇❡✈❡③❡&'(
❆③ ✐❣,❦ ," ❜➤✈1(♠,♥②❡❦ ✈✐③"❣$❧❛($5❛ "③♦❧❣$❧7 ▼❛③#♦❧❛ ❬✶✱✷✱✸❪ ❦♦5♣✉"③❧❡❦,5❞❡③➤
❡"③❦A③ ❢❡❧C❧❡(❡ 5,❣7(❛ ❤♦③③$❢,5❤❡(➤ ♦♥❧✐♥❡✳ ❆ "③A✈❡❣❛♥②❛❣✱ ❛♠✐♥ ❛ ❦❡5❡"," (A5(,✲
♥✐❦ ❛ ▼❛❣②❛5 ◆❡♠③❡(✐ ❙③A✈❡❣($5 ❡❧"➤✱ ✶✽✼✱✻ ♠✐❧❧✐7 "③❛✈❛" ✈$❧(♦③❛($♥❛❦ ❬✹❪ ❡❣②
❦♦5$❜❜❛♥ ♠$5 ❦A③③,(❡(( "♣❡❝✐$❧✐"❛♥ ❛ ▼❛③"♦❧❛ "③$♠$5❛ ❢❡❧❞♦❧❣♦③♦(( ❢♦5♠$❥❛ ❬✺❪✳
❆③ ❡❧♠P❧( ,✈❡❦ "♦5$♥ ❛ ▼❛③"♦❧❛ ♠❛❣②❛5 "③❛❦♠❛✐ ❦A5A❦❜❡♥ ✈✐"③♦♥②❧❛❣ ✐"✲
♠❡5((, ✈$❧(✳ ❍❛"③♥$❧❥$❦ ❛ ♥②❡❧✈(❡❝❤♥♦❧7❣✐$❜❛♥ ❬✻✱✼❪✱ ❦♦♥(5❛"③(1✈ ♥②❡❧✈,"③❡(✐ ❬✽❪
," ♥②❡❧✈❡❧♠,❧❡(✐ ❦✉(❛($"♦❦❜❛♥ ❬✾✱✶✵❪✱ ✈❛❧❛♠✐♥( ❛ ♠❛❣②❛5 ♠✐♥( ✐❞❡❣❡♥ ♥②❡❧✈ ♦❦(❛✲
($"❛ "♦5$♥ ❬✶✶✱✶✷❪✳ ✷✵✶✸✲❜❛♥ "③C❧❡(❡(( ❡❣② "③❛❦❞♦❧❣♦③❛(✱ ♠❡❧② ❧❡♥❣②❡❧ "③A✈❡❣❡❦❡(
❢❡❧❞♦❧❣♦③✈❛ ❛ ❧❡♥❣②❡❧ ✐❣,❦❡( ✈✐③"❣$❧❥❛ ❤❛"♦♥❧7 ❢❡❧❢♦❣$"❜❛♥ ❬✶✸❪✱ ," ❦❡❧❡(❦❡③(❡❦ ♦❧②❛♥
✐❣❡✐ ✈♦♥③❛(❦❡5❡(✲ ✐❧❧❡(✈❡ ❜➤✈1(♠,♥②❦❡5❡(✲❛❞❛(❜$③✐"♦❦✱ ♠❡❧②❡❦ ❡❣②✐❦ ✐❤❧❡(➤❥,♥❡❦ ❛
▼❛③"♦❧❛ (❡❦✐♥(❤❡(➤ ❬✶✹✱✶✺❪✳
▼❛❣❛ ❛ "③♦❢(✈❡5❡"③❦A③ ❛③♦♥❜❛♥ ✕ $❧(❛❧$♥♦""$❣❛ 5,✈,♥ ✕ "♦❦❦❛❧ (A❜❜5❡ ❦,♣❡"
❛♥♥$❧✱ ♠✐♥( ❤♦❣② ♠❛❣②❛5 ✐❣,❦ ," ❜➤✈1(♠,♥②❡❦ ✈✐"③♦♥②❛✐( ❦✉(❛""✉❦ ✈❡❧❡✳ ❋❡❧✐"✲
♠❡5✈❡ ❛ ♥②1❧( ❤♦③③$❢,5," ❡❧➤♥②❡✐( ♠♦"( ❦A③③,(❡""③C❦ ❛ ❢♦55$"❦7❞♦(✳ ❆ ❝✐❦❦ ❦,( ❢➤
C③❡♥❡(❡ (❡❤$( ❛ ❦A✈❡(❦❡③➤✿ ✶✮ ❛ ▼❛③"♦❧❛ "③♦❢(✈❡5❡"③❦A③ ♠♦"(❛♥(7❧ ❤♦③③$❢,5❤❡(➤✱
❜$5❦✐ $❧(❛❧ ❤❛"③♥$❧❤❛(7✱ 1❣② "❛❥$( ❛❞❛(❛✐♥❦ ❦A♥♥②❡♥ ✈✐③"❣$❧❤❛(7❦ ❛ ▼❛③"♦❧❛ ♠7❞✲
"③❡5,✈❡❧❀ ✷✮ ♠❡❣❢❡❧❡❧➤ ❛❞❛(❜$③✐" ❤❛"③♥$❧❛($✈❛❧ "③$♠♦" ❡❣②,❜ ❝,❧5❛ ✐" ❛❧❦❛❧♠❛③❤❛(7
❛③♦♥ (P❧✱ ❛♠✐ ❛③ ❡5❡❞❡(✐ ♦♥❧✐♥❡ ✈$❧(♦③❛(❜7❧ ❦A③✈❡(❧❡♥C❧ ❧$("③✐❦✳ ❆ (♦✈$❜❜✐❛❦❜❛♥ ❛
"③♦❢(✈❡5 ❥❡❧❧❡♠③➤✐5➤❧ ✈❛❧❛♠✐♥( ❛ ❦✐✈♦♥❛(❜❛♥ ✈$③❧❛(♦"❛♥ ♠$5 ❡♠❧1(❡(( ❢❡❧❤❛"③♥$❧$"✐
❧❡❤❡(➤",❣❡❦5➤❧ ❧❡"③ "③7 "③$♠♦" ♣,❧❞$✈❛❧ ✐❧❧✉"③(5$❧✈❛✳
✷✳ ❍❛(③♥-❧❛&❛✱ ♠➯❦3❞'(❡
❆❤''♣✿✴✴❝♦3♣✉ ✳♥②'✉❞✳❤✉✴♠❛③ ♦❧❛❝1♠❡♥ ❡❧,5❤❡(➤ ♠❛❣②❛5 ♥②❡❧✈➯ "③A✈❡❣❡❦❡( (❛5✲
(❛❧♠❛③7 ❡5❡❞❡(✐ ▼❛③"♦❧❛ ❢❡❧C❧❡( ❛❧❛♣✈❡(➤❡♥ ❛55❛ "③♦❧❣$❧✱ ❤♦❣② ❢❡❧(,5❦,♣❡③③C❦ ❛③
Szeged, 2018. január 18–19. 17
❡❣②❡# ♠❛❣②❛& ✐❣(❦ ♠❡❧❧❡++✐ ❛❞♦++ ❡#❡+&❛❣❣❛❧✴♥(✈✉+2✈❛❧ ❥4&2 ❥❡❧❧❡❣③❡+❡# ♥(✈#③2✲
❦❛+✱ ✐❧❧❡+✈❡ ❢♦&❞9+✈❛✿ ❛③ ❡❣②❡# ✭❡#❡+&❛❣♦#✴♥(✈✉+2#✮ ♥(✈#③2❦ ♠❡❧❧❡++ ❥❡❧❧❡❣③❡+❡#❡♥
❡❧➤❢♦&❞✉❧2 ✐❣(❦❡+✳ ✭❆❧❛♣✈❡+➤ ❤❛#③♥4❧❛+4&2❧ ❬✸❪ ✸✳✷✳ ❢❡❥❡③❡+(❜❡♥ ♦❧✈❛#❤❛+✉♥❦✳ ▼❡❣✲
❥❡❣②❡③③H❦✱ ❤♦❣② ❛ ♠I❣I++❡# ❛❞❛+❜4③✐# ❛③ ❡❧✈4❧2 ✐❣❡❦I+➤❦❡+ ❛③ ✐❣(❦❤❡③ ✐❧❧❡#③+✈❡
+❛&+❛❧♠❛③③❛✱ 9❣② ❛③ ❡#③❦I③ ❧❡❤❡+➤#(❣❡+ ❜✐③+♦#9+ ❡❣② ✐❣❡ I##③❡# ❡❧➤❢♦&❞✉❧4#4♥❛❦
❡❣②#(❣❡# ✈✐③#❣4❧❛+4&❛ ❢H❣❣❡+❧❡♥H❧ ❛++2❧✱ ❤♦❣② ❛③ ✐❣❡❦I+➤ (♣♣❡♥ ❡❧✈4❧✐❦ ✈❛❣② ♥❡♠✳✮
❆③ ❡❧#➤ ❡#❡+❜❡♥ ✕ ❛③ ✐❣(❦ ❜➤✈9+♠(♥②❡✐&❡ ❦(&❞❡③✈❡ ✕ 4❧+❛❧4❜❛♥ ❛③+ ❛③ ❡&❡❞♠(♥②+
❦❛♣❥✉❦✱ ❤♦❣② ❛❞♦++ ✐❣❡ ❛❞♦++ ❜➤✈9+♠(♥②❡❦(♥+ ❡❧➤❢♦&❞✉❧2 ❥❡❧❧❡❣③❡+❡# ♥(✈#③2❦ ❡❣②
#③❡♠❛♥+✐❦❛✐❧❛❣ ❦♦❤❡&❡♥# #③2♦#③+4❧②+ ❛❧❦♦+♥❛❦✱ ❛♠✐❜❡♥ ❦❛❦✉❦❦+♦❥4#❦(♥+ ❥❡❧❡♥♥❡❦
♠❡❣ ❛③ ✐❞✐♦♠❛+✐❦✉#✱ ❛③ ✐❣(✈❡❧ ✐♥+(③♠(♥②❡#H❧+ ❦✐❢❡❥❡③(#+✱ ❦♦♠♣❧❡① ✐❣(+✱ #③2❧4#+
❛❧❦♦+2 #③❛✈❛❦✱ ♠✐♥+ ♣(❧❞4✉❧ ❛③ ❡♠❡❧❦❡❞✐❦ ✲'❆✲&❛❣♦# ❜➤✈9+♠(♥②❡✐ ❦I③H❧ ❦✐❧2❣2
❥♦❣❡'➤✳ ❆ #❦4❧❛ ❡❣②✐❦ #③(❧(♥ ❛③♦❦ ❛③ ❡#❡+❡❦ ✈❛♥♥❛❦✱ ♠✐❦♦& #③✐♥+❡ ❡❣②#(❣❡# ❛ ❦✐❥I✲
✈➤ #③2♦#③+4❧② ✭♣❧✳ ❛ ❢♦❣②❛0③2 +4&❣②❛✐ ❦H❧I♥❢(❧❡ ❡&➤❢♦&&4#♦❦✮❀ ❛ ♠4#✐❦ #③(❧(♥ ♣❡❞✐❣
❛③♦❦✱ ♠✐❦♦& ❛③ ✐❣❡ #③✐♥+❡ ♠✐♥❞❡♥ ❡❣②❡# ❥❡❧❧❡❣③❡+❡# ♥(✈#③2✈❛❧ ❦H❧I♥4❧❧2 ❦♦♠♣❧❡①
✐❣(+ ❛❧❦♦+ ✭♣❧✳ ❛ ❤❛❣② ❧❡❣❥❡❧❧❡♠③➤❜❜ +4&❣②❛✐❜2❧ ❛❞2❞2 ❦✐❢❡❥❡③(#❡❦✿ ✭0♦❦✮ ❦✐✈7♥♥✐✲
✈❛❧92 ❤❛❣② ♠❛❣❛ ✉27♥✱ ✭♠;❧②✮ ♥②♦♠♦2 ❤❛❣② ✭✈❤♦❧✮✱ ✭♥❡♠✮ ❤❛❣② ❦;20;❣❡2 ✈♠✐ ❢❡❧➤❧✱
❤❛❣②❥❛ ♠❛❣72✱ <③❡♥❡2❡2 ❤❛❣②✮✳ ❆ ❢❡♥+✐❡❦ ❦H❧I♥❢(❧❡ ✈❛&✐4❝✐2✐ ✐# ❡❧➤❢♦&❞✉❧♥❛❦✱ ❛ ❦✐2='
❛❧❛♥②❛✐ ♣(❧❞4✉❧ ♥❛❣②❥4❜2❧ ❦(+ ♦#③+4❧②&❛ ❜♦♠❧❛♥❛❦✿ ❛ ❦♦♥❦&(+ ✭✈✐❤❛'✱ ✈✉❧❦7♥✮ (# ❛
♠❡+❛❢♦&✐❦✉# ❥❡❧❡♥+(# ♠❡♥+(♥ ✭♣7♥✐❦✱ ❤7❜♦'@✱ ❜♦2'7♥②✱ ❢♦''❛❞❛❧♦♠✮✳ ❙♣❡❝✐4❧✐# ❡#❡+✱
♠✐❦♦& ❛❞♦++ ✐❣❡ ♠❡❧❧❡++ ❛❞♦++ ❡#❡+&❛❣❣❛❧ ❝#❛❦ ♥(❤4♥②✱ #③(❧#➤ ❡#❡+❜❡♥ ❡❣②❡+❧❡♥ #③2
#③❡&❡♣❡❧ ✭♣❧✳✿ ❛ ❝09✈7❧ +4&❣②❛❦(♥+ ❛ ❢❡❥✱ ❢❛'♦❦✱ ❦✉2②❛ ✈❛❣② ❛ ❤✉♥② +4&❣②❛❦(♥+ ❛ 0③❡♠✮✳
❋♦♥+♦# ❦✐❡♠❡❧♥✐ ❛ ♠4#♦❞✐❦ ❡#❡+❡+ ✭❛ ❢❡♥+✐ ❡#❡+ ❞✉4❧✐#4+✮✱ ❛♠✐❦♦& ❜✐③♦♥②♦# ❜➤✲
✈9+♠(♥②❡❦ ♠❡❣❛❞4#4✈❛❧ ❛③ ✐❣(&❡ ❦(&❞❡③H♥❦ &4✳ ❊&&➤❧ ❦❡✈❡#❡❜❜ #③2 ❡#❡++ ❦♦&4❜❜❛♥✳
➪❧+❛❧4❜❛♥ ❡❣②#③❡&➯❡♥ ♠✐♥❞❡♥❢(❧❡ ❥❡❧❧❡❣③❡+❡#❡♥ ❛③ ❛❞♦++ ❜➤✈9+♠(♥♥②❡❧ ❤❛#③♥4❧❛✲
+♦# ✐❣(+ ❦❛♣✉♥❦ ❡&❡❞♠(♥②H❧ ❡❣② ✐❧②❡♥ ❧❡❦(&❞❡③(#&❡✳ ❆ ❜➤✈9+♠(♥②+ ♠❡❣❛❞❤❛+❥✉❦
❡#❡+&❛❣ ♥(❧❦H❧ ✐#✱ 9❣② ❡#❡+&❛❣+2❧ ❢H❣❣❡+❧❡♥H❧✱ (&+#❞ +❡+#③➤❧❡❣❡# ❡#❡+&❛❣❣❛❧ &4❦(&❞❡③
❛ &❡♥❞#③❡&✳ ❆ ❧9 ❜➤✈9+♠(♥②&❡ ❧❡❣❥❡❧❧❡❣③❡+❡#❡❜❜❦(♥+ ❦❛♣❥✉❦✿ <❧ ❧♦✈♦♥✱ ♠❡❣<❧ ❧♦✈❛2✱
❤@③ ❧9✱ ❧❡0③7❧❧ ❧9'9❧✳ ❇✐③♦♥②♦# ❡#❡+❡❦❜❡♥ ✐++ ✐# #③❡♠❛♥+✐❦❛✐❧❛❣ ❦♦❤❡&❡♥# #③2♦#③✲
+4❧②+ ❦❛♣✉♥❦✿ ♥❛❣②♦♥ ❤❛#♦♥❧2 ❥❡❧❡♥+(#➯ ✐❣(❦❡+✳ ❊&&❡ +❛❧4♥ ❧❡❣#③❡❜❜ ♣(❧❞❛ ❛ ❤✐❞❡❣
✰ ❤727♥ ❜➤✈9+♠(♥②❡❦&❡ ❦❛♣♦++ ✈;❣✐❣❢✉2✱ ❢✉2❦♦0✱ ❢✉2❦7'♦③✐❦ ✐❣❡♦#③+4❧② ✭✶✳ 4❜&❛✮✳
❆ ❦C❣②92 ❜➤✈9+♠(♥② ❦(+ ❧❡❣❥❡❧❧❡❣③❡+❡#❡❜❜ ✐❣(❥❡ ✈✐#③♦♥+ ❛ ❦✐❛❜7❧ (# ❛ ♠❡❧❡♥❣❡2✱
♠❡❧②❡❦❦❡❧ ❡③ ❛ #③2 ❦H❧I♥✲❦H❧I♥ I♥4❧❧2 #③❡&❦❡③❡+❡+✱ #③2❧4#+ ❛❧❦♦+✳ ➱# ✐++ ✐# ❡❧➤❢♦&✲
❞✉❧ ❛③ ❛③ ❡#❡+✱ ❤♦❣② ❦✐③4&2❧❛❣ ❡❣② ✐❣❡ #③❡&❡+ ❛③ ❛❞♦++ ❜➤✈9+♠(♥♥②❡❧ +4&#✉❧♥✐ ✭♣❧✳✿
✈;'0③❡♠❡2 →❦❛♣✱ ✈❛❣② ❢<02 ❛❧❛22 →❡❧✐♥2;③ ✮✳
❆ ▼❛③#♦❧4♥4❧ ❥2✈❛❧ I##③❡+❡++❡❜❜✱ ❞❡ ♠(❣✐# ❤♦③③4 #♦❦ #③❡♠♣♦♥+❜2❧ ❤❛#♦♥❧2 ❡#③✲
❦I③ ❛ ❦I③✐#♠❡&+ ❙❦❡+❝❤❊♥❣✐♥❡ ❬✶✻✱✶✼❪✳ ❆ ❙❦❡+❝❤❊♥❣✐♥❡✲❜❡♥ ✕ ❛ ❜❡♥♥❡ ❛❧❦❛❧♠❛③♦++
#③❦❡❝❝#✲♥②❡❧✈+❛♥♦❦ ✭#❦❡+❝❤ ❣&❛♠♠❛&✮ #❡❣9+#(❣(✈❡❧ ✕ ❡①♣❧✐❝✐+❡ ♠❡❣♠♦♥❞❥✉❦✱ ❤♦❣②
♠❡❧② ❡❧❡♠❡❦ ❦❛♣❝#♦❧❛+❛✐&❛ ✈❛❣②✉♥❦ ❦9✈4♥❝#✐❛❦✱ ❛ ▼❛③#♦❧4❜❛♥ ❡③③❡❧ #③❡♠❜❡♥ ✐♠♣✲
❧✐❝✐+❡ ♠✐♥❞❡♥ ♠✐♥❞❡♥❤❡③ ❦❛♣❝#♦❧2❞✐❦✱ (# ❛③ I##③❡# ✐❧②❡♥ ❦❛♣❝#♦❧❛+ ✈✐③#❣4❧❤❛+2✳ ❆
❙❦❡+❝❤❊♥❣✐♥❡ ❛❧❛♣✈❡+➤❡♥ ♠✐♥❞✐❣ ❦;2 ❡❧❡♠ ✈✐#③♦♥②4+ ♥(③✐✳ ❱❛♥ ❜❡♥♥❡ ❦✐❡❣(#③9+➤
❡#③❦I③✱ ❛♠✐✈❡❧ ♠❡❣ ❧❡❤❡+ ✈❛❧2#9+❛♥✐ ✸ ❡❧❡♠ I##③❡❦❛♣❝#♦❧4#4+✱ ❞❡ ❡③ ❛③✱ ❛♠✐❜❡♥ ❛
▼❛③#♦❧❛ ❥♦❜❜✿ '❡❦✉'③C✈❛♥ ❦(♣❡# ❛ ❦♦&4❜❜❛♥ I##③❡❦❛♣❝#♦❧+ ❡❧❡♠❡❦❤❡③ +❡+#③➤❧❡❣❡#
#③4♠Y Y❥❛+ ❦❛♣❝#♦❧♥✐✱ (# ❡❣② ❦✐✈4❧❛#③+♦++ ❡❧❡♠♥❡❦ ❛ ❥❡❧❧❡❣③❡+❡##(❣(+ ✈✐③#❣4❧♥✐ ❛
❦✐❛❧❛❦✉❧+ #③❡&❦❡③❡+ +I❜❜✐ +❛❣❥❛ I##③❡##(❣(❤❡③ ❦(♣❡#+✱ ❛♠✐♥+ ❡③+ ❛ ❢❡♥+✐ ♣(❧❞4❦✲
Szeged, 2018. január 18–19. 19
✶✳ "#❜❧#③❛"✳ ❆ ▼❛③*♦❧#❤♦③ ❛❞♦"" ♠✐♥"❛✲❛❞❛"❜#③✐*♦❦ ❢♦44#*❛✐✳
❦♦4♣✉*③ ♥②❡❧✈
▼◆❙❩ ❬✹❪ ♠❛❣②❛4
❉❛♥✐*❤ ❉❡♣❡♥❞❡♥❝② ❚4❡❡❜❛♥❦ ❬✶✽❪ ❞#♥
■♥"❡4❛ ❦♦4♣✉*③ ❬✶✾❪ *③❡4❜
❉✉"❝❤ G❛4❛❧❧❡❧ ❈♦4♣✉* ❬✷✵❪ ❤♦❧❧❛♥❞✲❢4❛♥❝✐❛
✉❞ ❡❧➤❤♦③♥✐ ❛ ▼❛③-♦❧❛✳ ❆③ ✐♠❛#✐ ✭❜✐2 ♦❦♦❧✮ ✐❣❡ ♠❡❧❧❡ ✐ 72❣②❛❦❛ ✭❛③ ❆◆❨❈❆❙❊
-❡❣9 -:❣:✈❡❧✮ ♥:③✈❡ ❥❡❧❧❡❣③❡ ❡-❦:♥ ♠❡❣❦❛♣❥✉❦ ❛ ♣%❛✈♦ ✭❥♦❣✮ -③> ✱ ♠❛❥❞ ❛ ♥❛ ❡❧@❧✲
❥72>✈❛❧ ❦✐❡❣:-③9 ✈❡ ❛ ❦❡2❡-:- ✱ ❤♦❣② ♠✐2❡ ❧❡❤❡ ❥♦❣✉♥❦✳
▲7 ❥✉❦ ❛③ ✱ ❤♦❣② ♥②✉❣♦❞ ❛♥ ❛❧❦❛❧♠❛③❤❛ ❥✉❦ ♠7- ♥②❡❧✈❡❦2❡ ❛③ ❡-③❦@③ ✱ ✉❣②❛♥✲
♦❧②❛♥ ❥❡❧❧❡❣➯ ♠➯❦@❞:- ❢♦❣✉♥❦ ❛♣❛-③ ❛❧♥✐✱ ♠✐♥ ❛♠✐ ❛ ♠❛❣②❛2 ❡-❡ :♥ ❧❡92 ✉♥❦✳
❚❡2♠:-③❡ ❡-❡♥ ❛ ▼❛③-♦❧❛ ♠✐♥❞✐❣ ❛③♦♥ ✐♥❢♦2♠7❝✐>❦ ❛❧❛♣❥7♥ ✉❞ ❞♦❧❣♦③♥✐✱ ♠❡❧②❡❦
❛③ ❛❞❛ ❜7③✐-❜❛♥ ❦>❞♦❧✈❛ ✈❛♥♥❛❦✱ ♠7-❦:♣♣ ❢♦❣❛❧♠❛③✈❛ ❛③✱ ❤♦❣② ❛❞♦ ▼❛③-♦❧❛✲
♣:❧❞7♥② ♠✐❧②❡♥ ❡2❡❞♠:♥②❡❦❡ ❛❞✱ ❛ >❧ ❢G❣❣✱ ❤♦❣② ♠✐ ❦>❞♦❧ ✉♥❦ ❜❡❧❡ ❛③ ❛❞❛ ✲
❜7③✐-❜❛✳ ❆❧❦❛❧♠❛-❛♥ ✈7❧❛-③ ♦ ❦>❞♦❧7--❛❧ -③❡♠❛♥ ✐❦❛✐ @--③❡❢G❣❣:-❡❦❡ ✈❛❣② ♣72✲
❤✉③❛♠♦- ❦♦2♣✉-③ ✐- ❦❡③❡❧♥✐ ✉❞✉♥❦✱ ✉ >❜❜✐2❛ ♠:❣ ✈✐--③❛ :2G♥❦✳
❍❛ -❛❥7 ❛❞❛ ❜7③✐- ❛❦❛2✉♥❦ ❤❛-③♥7❧♥✐✱ ❛❦❦♦2 ❡❧ ❦❡❧❧ ❤❡❧②❡③♥G♥❦ ❛❞❛(❛❦@♥②✈✲
72❜❛♥✱ :- ❦:-③9 ❡♥G♥❦ ❦❡❧❧ ❤♦③③7 ❡❣② ♠❡❣❢❡❧❡❧➤ ❝♦♥✜❣ ❢7❥❧ ✭❛♠✐ ✕ ❛❤♦❣②❛♥ ❡③
❛ 2❡♣♦③✐ >2✐✉♠❜❛♥ ♠♦- ✐- ❧7 ❥✉❦ ✕ ♠❛③+♦❧❛❴❝♦♥❢✐❣❴+❦❡❧✳♣❧♥:✈❡♥ ❦❡❧❧ ❜❡❧✐♥❦❡❧✲
♥G♥❦✮✳ ❆ ❝♦♥✜❣ ❢7❥❧❜❛♥ ❜❡ ❦❡❧❧ 7❧❧9 ❛♥✉♥❦ ❛ ❦♦2♣✉-③ ✿ ♠❡❣ ❦❡❧❧ ❛❞♥✉♥❦ ✶✮ ❛③
❛❞❛ ❜7③✐-❢7❥❧ ♥❡✈: ❀ ✷✮ ❛ -③> ➤❣②❛❦♦2✐-7❣♦❦❛ ❛2 ❛❧♠❛③> ❦✐❡❣:-③9 ➤ ❛❞❛ ❜7③✐-❢7❥❧
♥❡✈: ✭❛♠✐ ❛❧❡♠♠❛❢8❡9❦@♥②✈ 72❜❛♥ ❦❡❧❧ ❡❧❤❡❧②❡③♥G♥❦✮❀ ✸✮ ❛ ❦♦2♣✉-③ ♥❡✈: ❀ ✹✮
:- ❛③ ❛ ❦G-③@❜:2 :❦❡ ✱ ❛♠✐♥:❧ ❣②❛❦2❛❜❜❛♥ ❡❧➤❢♦2❞✉❧> ❧❡❣❥❡❧❧❡❣③❡ ❡-❡❜❜ -③❛✈❛❦❛
❛③ ❡2❡❞♠:♥②♦❧❞❛❧❛❦ ❢❡❧-➤ 2:-③:♥ ♠❡❣ -③❡2❡ ♥:♥❦ ❥❡❧❡♥9 ❡♥✐✳ ❍❛ 2❡♥❞❡❧❦❡③:-2❡ 7❧❧
❛ -③> ➤❣②❛❦♦2✐-7❣♦❦❛ ❛2 ❛❧♠❛③> ❦✐❡❣:-③9 ➤ ❛❞❛ ❜7③✐-✱ ❛❦❦♦2 ✉❞ ❛ 2❡♥❞-③❡2 ❥❡❧✲
❧❡❣③❡#❡//0❣❡ ✭/❛❧✐❡♥❝❡✲❡ ✮ -③7♠♦❧♥✐✱ ❡❣②:❜❦:♥ ❝-❛❦ ❛③ ❡❣②-③❡2➯ ❣②❛❦♦2✐-7❣♦❦❛
❥❡❧❡♥9 ✐ ♠❡❣✳ ❆ ❢❡♥ ✐❡❦❡♥ ❦9✈G❧ ♠❡❣ ❦❡❧❧ ❛❞♥✉♥❦ ❛ ❦♦2♣✉-③ ❦❛2❛❦ ❡2❦>❞♦❧7-7 ✭❥❡✲
❧❡♥❧❡❣ ❝-❛❦ ❡❣②❜7❥ ♦- ❦❛2❛❦ ❡2❦>❞♦❧7-♦❦ 7♠♦❣❛ ♦ ❛❦✮✱ ✈❛❧❛♠✐♥ ♠❡❣❢❡❧❡❧➤ ❢♦2✲
♠7 ✉♠❜❛♥ ❛ ❢❡❧G❧❡ ❡♥ ♠❡❣❥❡❧❡♥9 ❡♥❞➤✱ ❦♦2♣✉-③❤♦③ ❛2 ♦③> ❦❛ ✐♥ ❤❛ > ♣:❧❞7❦❛ ✳
❱:❣G❧ ❡❧ ❦❡❧❧ ✈:❣❡③♥G♥❦ ❛③ ✐♥- ❛❧❧7❧7- ❧:♣:-❡✐ ✳ ❈♦♥✜❣ ❢7❥❧2❛ ✐- ❛❧7❧✉♥❦ ♥:❤7♥②
♠✐♥ 7 ❛ 2❡♣♦③✐ >2✐✉♠❜❛♥ ✭♠❛③+♦❧❛❴❝♦♥❢✐❣❴✯✳♣❧✮✳
✹✳ ▲#$❡③➤ ▼❛③*♦❧-❦
❆ ♠✐♥ ❛✲❛❞❛ ❜7③✐-♦❦♥❛❦ ♠❡❣❢❡❧❡❧➤ ❡❧❥❡- ❦♦2♣✉-③♦❦ ♥❛❣② 2:-③❡ ❡❧:2❤❡ ➤ ❛ ▼❛③-♦✲
❧7♥ ❦❡2❡-③ G❧ ♦♥❧✐♥❡ ❛ ✷✳ 7❜❧7③❛ ❜❛♥ -③❡2❡♣❧➤ ✐♥ ❡2♥❡ ❡- ❝9♠❡❦❡♥✳
❊③❡❦❡♥ ❛ ❢❡❧G❧❡ ❡❦❡♥ ✐- ❛❧7❧✉♥❦ ♣:❧❞7❦❛ ✱ ✐❧❧❡ ✈❡ ❛ ♠✐♥ ❛✲❦♦2♣✉-③♦❦❤♦③ ❛2✲
♦③> ♣:❧❞7❦ ❦✐♣2>❜7❧❤❛ >❦ ❡③❡❦❡♥ ❛③ ❯❘▲✲❡❦❡♥ ✐- ❥>✈❛❧ ♥❛❣②♦❜❜ ♠:2❡ ➯ -③@✈❡❣✲
❛♥②❛❣♦♥✳
Szeged, 2018. január 18–19. 21
✺✳✷✳ ❘❡❣✉❧()✐+ ❦✐❢❡❥❡③0+❡❦
▼❡❣❥❡❣②❡③③&❦✱ ❤♦❣② ❛ ❧❡❦-.❞❡③➤❢❡❧&❧❡2 ♠❡③➤✐❜❡♥ ❜✐③♦♥②♦7 .❡❣✉❧9.✐7 ❦✐❢❡❥❡③-7❡❦❡2
✐7 ❤❛7③♥9❧❤❛2✉♥❦✳
❍❛ ♣-❧❞9✉❧ ❛③ ❛ ❢❡❧❛❞❛2✱ ❤♦❣② ❡③✐❦✴%③✐❦ ❛❧2❡.♥9❝✐>2 ❦❡.❡77&♥❦ ❛③ ❡♠❧(❦❡✲
③✐❦✴❡♠❧(❦%③✐❦ ♣-❧❞9❥9.❛✱ ❛❦❦♦. ❛③ ❛❧❛♣❥9♥ ❛ 7❡❥2-7 ❛❧❛♣❥9♥✱ ❤♦❣② ❛③ ✐❧②❡♥ ✐❣-❦♥❡❦
(❦✲✈-❣➯ ❢➤♥-✈❜➤❧ ❦❡❧❧ 7③9.♠❛③♥✐❛✱ ♠❡❣♣.>❜9❧❦♦③❤❛2✉♥❦ ❛③
■❣❡2➤❂✳✯"❦❡③✐❦
❧❡❦-.❞❡③-77❡❧✳ ❆③ ❡.❡❞♠-♥②✿ ❡♠❧(❦❡③✐❦✱ ✈❡+❡❥-(❦❡③✐❦✳ ❊③❡❦ ✈❛❧>❜❛♥ (❦✲✈-❣➯ ❢➤♥❡✲
✈❡❦❜➤❧ 7③9.♠❛③♥❛❦✱ ❞❡ ✈❡+❡❥-(❦%③✐❦ ❛❧❛❦ ❡♥♥❡❦ ❡❧❧❡♥-.❡ ♥✐♥❝7❡♥✳ G❣② 2➯♥✐❦✱ ❤♦❣②
❛③ ❡♠❧(❦❡③✐❦ ❡❜❜➤❧ ❛ 7③❡♠♣♦♥2❜>❧ ❡❣②❡❞✐✳ ❍❛7♦♥❧>❛♥ ❛③
■❣❡2➤❂✳✯❣❬❛❡❪+
❧❡❦-.❞❡③-7 7❡❣H27-❣-✈❡❧ ♠❡❣.❛❣❛❞❤❛2❥✉❦ ❛ ✲❣❆-✲❦-♣③➤7 ✐❣-❦❡2✳
❆ ✒❱♦♥③❛22➤✑ -7 ❛ ✒❙③>✑ ♠❡③➤ ❡7❡2-♥ 2M❜❜ 7③>❛❧❛❦♦2 ✐7 ♠❡❣❛❞❤❛2✉♥❦✱ ❡③ N❣② -.2❡❧♠❡③➤❞✐❦✱ ❤♦❣② ❛ 7③>❧✐72❛ ❜9.♠❡❧②✐❦ 2❛❣❥❛ ❡❧➤❢♦.❞✉❧❤❛2✳ ❆③❛③ ❤❛ ♣-❧❞9✉❧ ❢-.✜✲
❛❦.❛ ❥❡❧❧❡♠③➤ ✐❣-❦❡2 ❦❡.❡7&♥❦✱ ❛❦❦♦. ♠❡❣❛❞❤❛2❥✉❦ ❛ ❛❧❛♥②❦-♥2 ❛ ❢(+✜✱ ✜2✱ ❦❛♠❛%③✱
❦✐%✜2✱ 4+❡❣❡♠❜❡+✱ ❢(+❥✱ ❛♣7%✱ 2+ 72❜✳ 7③>❧✐7292✳ ❆♥♥❛❦ ❡❧❧❡♥-.❡✱ ❤♦❣② ❛ 7③>❧✐729❦ ❛
❢❡♥2✐❡❦ 7③❡.✐♥2 ❞✐7③❥✉♥❦2H✈❛♥ -.2❡❧♠❡③➤❞♥❡❦✱ ♠❡❣ 2✉❞✉♥❦ ❛❞♥✐ ❛ ✒❙③>✑ ♠❡③➤❜❡♥
2M❜❜7③❛✈❛7 ❦✐❢❡❥❡③-72 ✐7✳ ❘❡❣✉❧9.✐7 ❦✐❢❡❥❡③-7 ❝7❡❧❡7 ❤❛7③♥9❧❛29✈❛❧✱ ❤❛ ❛ 7③❛✈❛❦❛2
♣♦♥22❛❧ ❦M2❥&❦ M77③❡✱ ❛③ ❛③2 ❢♦❣❥❛ ❡.❡❞♠-♥②❡③♥✐✱ ❤♦❣② ❦M③✈❡2❧❡♥&❧ ❡❣②♠97 ✉29♥
❦❡❧❧ ❦M✈❡2❦❡③♥✐&❦✳ ❆,-③③❛✳❛③✳-❣❧❡❦-.❞❡③-7 ❡7❡2-♥ ❝7❛❦ ❛③♦❦❛2 ❛ 2❛❧9❧❛2♦❦❛2 ❦❛♣✲
❥✉❦ ♠❡❣✱ ❛♠✐❜❡♥ ❛ +8③③❛ ❛③ 8❣ 7③2.✐♥❣ 7③❡.❡♣❡❧✱ ♥❡♠ ♣❡❞✐❣ +8③③❛✱ ❛③✱ 8❣ 7③❛✈❛❦
❜9.♠❡❧②✐❦❡✳
✺✳✸✳ ❋❡❧❛❞❛5♠❡❣♦❧❞(+ ▼❛③+♦❧(✈❛❧
◆-③③&❦ ♥-❤9♥② ❦♦♥❦.-2 ♣.♦❜❧-♠92✱ ❢❡❧❛❞❛22H♣✉72✱ ♠❡❧②❡❦❡2 ❛ ▼❛③7♦❧❛ 7❡❣H27-❣-✲
✈❡❧ ♦❧❞❤❛2✉♥❦ ♠❡❣✳
❆ ♠❛❝%❦❛ -7 ❛ ❝✐❝❛ ❦M③❡❧✐ 7③✐♥♦♥✐♠9❦♥❛❦ 2➯♥♥❡❦✳ ❆ ▼❛③7♦❧❛ 7③❡.✐♥2 ❛③ ❡❧➤❜❜✐
❞♦+♦♠❜♦❧✱ ♥②8✈♦❣✱ >❧✱ ♠❡❣❡%③✱ ❧❡✉❣+✐❦✱ ❡❧-➯♥✐❦✱ ♥②2❥-7③✐❦✱ ❛③ ✉2>❜❜✐ ✈✐7③♦♥2 ❡❧✈✐%③✳
▼✐2 ❥❡❧❡♥2 ❛③✱ ❤♦❣② ❦♦♦♣-8❧❄ ❆③ ✐❣❡ 29.❣②❛✐♥❛❦ ✈✐③7❣9❧❛29❜>❧ ❧❡✈♦♥❤❛2❥✉❦ ❛③2
❛ ❦M✈❡2❦❡③2❡2-72✱ ❤♦❣② ❛ ❥❡❧❡♥2-7 ♥❛❣②❥9❜>❧ ❛③✱ ❤♦❣② ❜✐③♦2279❣❜❛ N❥ 2❛❣♦2 ✈❡7③
❢❡❧✳❆ ❢♦.❞H2>✐ ♠✉♥❦❛ 7♦.9♥ ❛..❛ ❧❡❤❡2 ❤❛7③♥♦7 ❛ ▼❛③7♦❧❛✱ ❤♦❣② ❜❡♠✉2❛2❥❛ ❛ ❜❡✲
✈❡22 ❦♦❧❧♦❦9❝✐>❦❛2✳ ❍❛ ❛ +(%③❧❡-❡% ♠❛❣②❛+8③❛-♦- ❦A✈8♥ ♠❡❣❢♦❣❛❧♠❛③97 ♥❡♠ 2➯♥✐❦
✐❞❡9❧✐7♥❛❦✱ ❛❦❦♦. -❧❤❡2&♥❦ ❛ ▼❛③7♦❧❛ ❥❛✈❛7❧❛29✈❛❧✱ ❛♠❡❧② ❡③ ❡7❡2❜❡♥✿ +(%③❧❡-❡%
♠❛❣②❛+8③❛-♦- ✐❣(♥②❡❧✳
❆ ❦✐❦>%③4❜4❧✐ ❛ ❝%♦+❜8- ❦✐❢❡❥❡③-7 ❦✐❝7✐2 ❢✉.❝79♥❛❦ ❤❛2✳ ❇✐③2♦7✱ ❤♦❣② ❡③2 ❛③ ✐❣-2 7③♦❦2✉❦ ✐22 ❤❛7③♥9❧♥✐❄ ▼✐❧②❡♥ ✐❣-❦❡2 ❛❞ ❛ ▼❛③7♦❧❛ ❛ ❝%♦+❜8- 29.❣②❤♦③❄ ❆③ ❡.❡❞✲
♠-♥② ❛ %③❡♥✈❡❞ -7 ❛③ ❡❥- ♠❡❧❧❡22 2M❜❜ ❦✐❦4%③4+>❧ -7 ❥>✈❛❧ ❦❡✈❡7❡❜❜ ❦✐❦>%③4❜4❧✳
T❡.7③❡✱ ❛ ❝7♦.❜92 ✐♥❦9❜❜ ❦✐❦M7③M.&❧❥&❦✳ ▼✐2 2M.2-♥❤❡2❡22❄ ❆③ ✐❣-❦ ❢❡❧➤❧ ✈✐③7❣9✲
❧>❞✈❛ ❛③2 ❧92❥✉❦✱ ❤♦❣② ❛ ❦✐❦4%③4+>❧ 7③✐♥2❡ ❦✐③9.>❧❛❣ ❛ ❝%♦+❜8- 29.❣❣②❛❧ ❢♦.❞✉❧ ❡❧➤✱
❛ ❦-2 ♥❛❣②79❣.❡♥❞❞❡❧ ❣②❛❦♦.✐❜❜ ❦✐❦>%③4❜4❧ ✈✐7③♦♥2 7③9♠♦7 ❦&❧M♥❢-❧❡ 29.❣❣②❛❧✱
♠❡❧②❡❦♥❡❦ ❣②❛❦♦)✐ ❥❡❧❡♥,-.❡❧❡♠❡ ❛ ✈❛❧❛♠✐❢-❧❡ ❤✐2♥②♦..2❣ ✭❤✐❜❛✱ ❤✐$♥②♦(($❣✱ ♣+♦❜✲
❧.♠❛✱ ❛♥♦♠$❧✐❛ .,❜✳✮✳ ❆ ❣②❛❦♦)✐❜❜ -. ♥❛❣②♦♥ ❤❛.♦♥❧9 ❤❛♥❣③2.; ❦✐❢❡❥❡③-. ♠❛❣2❜❛
♦❧✈❛.③,♦,,❛ ❛ )✐,❦2❜❜✱ ❤❛.♦♥❧9 ❥❡❧❡♥,-.➯ ❦✐❢❡❥❡③-.,✳ ❆③ 2❧❧=,2. ❛❧2,2♠❛.③,2.2)❛ ♣❡)✲
.③❡ ♠-❣ -)❞❡♠❡. ,A),-♥❡,✐ ❦♦)♣✉.③❜❛♥ ✉,2♥❛❥2)♥✐✱ ❤♦❣② ♠❡❧②✐❦ ❦✐❢❡❥❡③-. ♠✐❦♦),9❧
❛❞❛,♦❧❤❛,9✳ ❍❛.♦♥❧9❛♥ ✈✐③.❣2❧❤❛,9❦ ❛ (③$♠12$(♦♥ ❦1✈5❧ ❤❛❣② ❦A)D❧✐ ❢❡❥❧❡♠-♥②❡❦✳
❑❛♣❝.♦❧❛,♦, ❢❡❞❡③❤❡,D♥❦ ❢❡❧ ❛③ 6((③❡ ✐❣❡❦A,➤ -. ❛ ✲✈❆❧ )❛❣♦. ✈♦♥③❛,♦❦ ❦A③A,,✳
❆③ 6((③❡ ✐❣❡❦A,➤. ✐❣-❦ ❥❡❧❡♥,➤. )-.③❡ ✲✈❆❧ )❛❣♦. ✈♦♥③❛,,❛❧ ❥2)✱ ♠2.✐❦ ♥❛❣② )-.③❡
✈✐.③♦♥, ❡ ♥-❧❦D❧✳ ▼✐❧②❡♥ ❡❧,-)-.❡❦❡, ,❛❧2❧✉♥❦ ❛ ❦-, ❝.♦♣♦), ❦A③A,,❄ ❆③ ❡❧.➤ ❝.♦♣♦),
✭❥❡❧❧❡♠③➤❡♥ ✲✈❆❧ )❛❣♦. ❜➤✈=,♠-♥♥②❡❧✮✿ 6((③❡❢5❣❣✱ 6((③❡❦62✱ 6((③❡❤❛(♦♥❧12✱ 6((③❡❦❡✲
✈❡+✱ 6((③❡✈❡2 .,❜✳ ❆ ♠2.♦❞✐❦ ❝.♦♣♦), ✭❥❡❧❧❡♠③➤❡♥ ✲✈❆❧ )❛❣♦. ❜➤✈=,♠-♥② ♥-❧❦D❧✮✿
6((③❡❣②➯❧✐❦✱ 6((③❡26+✐❦✱ 6((③❡$❧❧12✱ 6((③❡❤1✈✱ 6((③❡(③❡❞ .,❜✳ ❆③, ❧2,❥✉❦✱ ❤♦❣② ❛③ ❡❧.➤
❡.❡,❜❡♥ ❦-, ❞♦❧❣♦, 2❧❧=,✉♥❦ )❡❧2❝✐9❜❛✱ ❛ ♠2.♦❞✐❦ ❡.❡,❜❡♥ ♣❡❞✐❣ .♦❦❛,✳ ❆③ 6((③❡
❥❡❧❡♥,-.❡ ❛③ ❡❧.➤ ❡.❡,❜❡♥ ✈❛❧❛♠✐❢-❧❡ ✒.③❡♠❜❡✑✱ ❛ ♠2.♦❞✐❦ ❡.❡,❜❡♥ ♣❡❞✐❣ ✈❛❧❛♠✐❢-✲
❧❡ ✒❡❣②❜❡✑✳ ❊ ❢❡❧✐.♠❡)-.♥❡❦ 2❧,❛❧ ❦-, ❝.♦♣♦),)❛ ♦.③,✈❛ .,)✉❦,✉)2❧❤❛,❥✉❦ ❛③ 6((③❡
✐❣❡❦A,➤ ❥❡❧❡♥,-.❡✐, ✭❛③ ❛❧❛♣✐❣-,➤❧ ❢D❣❣❡,❧❡♥D❧✦✮✱ -. ♠♦♥❞❤❛,❥✉❦✱ ❤♦❣② ❛ ✲✈❆❧ ❛③
❡❧.➤ ❡.❡,❜❡♥ ❛③ ✐❣❡❦A,➤♥❡❦ ❛ ✈♦♥③❛,❛✳
✺✳✹✳ #$%❤✉③❛♠♦, ❦♦%♣✉,③ ❦/❞♦❧$,❛
❚-)❥D♥❦ ✈✐..③❛ ❛))❛ ❛ ❦-)❞-.)❡✱ ❤♦❣② ❤♦❣②❛♥ ❦❡③❡❧❤❡,➤ ❛ ▼❛③.♦❧2❜❛♥ ♣2)❤✉③❛♠♦.
❦♦)♣✉.③✳ ❆③ ❛❞❛,❜2③✐. ❦9❞♦❧2.2❜❛♥ )❡❥❧✐❦ ❛ ♠❡❣♦❧❞2.✱ ❛ .③♦❢,✈❡) ♠❛❣❛ ✈2❧,♦③❛,❧❛♥
♠9❞♦♥ ❤❛.③♥2❧❤❛,9✳ ❍♦❣②❛♥ ✈❛❧9.✉❧ ♠❡❣ ❛ ♠2) ❡♠❧=,❡,, ❤♦❧❧❛♥❞✲❢)❛♥❝✐❛ ♣2)❤✉✲
③❛♠♦. ❦♦)♣✉.③ ❡.❡,-❜❡♥ ❛ ♠❡❣❢❡❧❡❧➤ ▼❛③.♦❧❛✲❛❞❛,❜2③✐. ❦9❞♦❧2.❛❄ ❆③ ❡❣②♥②❡❧✈➯
♠❛❣②❛)❤♥❝❴$❛♠♣❧❡✳♠❛③$♦❧❛❞❜♠✐♥,❛❢2❥❧❜❛♥ ❡③, ❧2,❥✉❦✿
❍❛ ❛ ✈#$♦& ❛ '#$❝#❦'*❧ ♣-♥③' ♥②❡$ ✱ &'❡♠❅❅♥②❡$ ❆❇▲❅❅'#$❝❛
❆❈❈❅❅♣-♥③ ◆❖▼❅❅✈#$♦&
❆ .♦) ❡❧❡❥-♥ ♠❛❣❛ ❛ ,❛❣♠♦♥❞❛, ❧2,❤❛,9✱ $/❡♠❅❅ ✉,2♥ ❦A✈❡,❦❡③✐❦ ❛③ ✐❣❡,➤✱
♠❛❥❞ .♦))❛ ❛③ ❡.❡,❡❦ ❛ ♠❡❣❢❡❧❡❧➤ .③9✈❛❧ ❡❣②D,,✳ ❆ ❤♦❧❧❛♥❞✲❢)❛♥❝✐❛ ♣2)❤✉③❛♠♦.
❞❛/❛✴/❧/♥❧❢3❴$❛♠♣❧❡✳♠❛③$♦❧❛❞❜♠✐♥,❛❢2❥❧❜❛♥ ✈✐.③♦♥, ❛ ❦A✈❡,❦❡③➤ .♦), ,❛❧2❧❥✉❦✿
♥❧❴❞❡③❡ '❡ ✈❡$'❛❧❡♥ ✐♥ ✇✐&❦✉♥❞✐❣❡ ❢♦$♠✉❧❡& ✳ ✴ ❢$❴❧❡& '$❛❞✉✐$❡
❡♥ ❡①♣$❡&&✐♦♥& ♠❛'❤-♠❛'✐G✉❡& ✳ &'❡♠❅❅♥❧❴✈❡$'❛❧❡♥✰❢$❴'$❛❞✉✐$❡
❢$❴❡♥❅❅❡①♣$❡&&✐♦♥ ♥❧❴✐♥❅❅❢♦$♠✉❧❡
❆♠✐♥, ❧2,❥✉❦✱ ❛③, ❛ ♠❡❣♦❧❞2., ✈2❧❛.③,♦,,✉❦✱ ❤♦❣② ❛ ♣❡))❡❧ ❡❧✈2❧❛.③,♦,,✱ ♥❧❴
-. ❢3❴❝=♠❦-✈❡❧ ❛③♦♥♦.=,♦,, ❦-,♥②❡❧✈➯ ,❛❣♠♦♥❞❛, ✉,2♥ ❛③ ✐❣❡ ❤❡❧②-♥ ❛ ❤♦❧❧❛♥❞✲
❢)❛♥❝✐❛ ✐❣❡♣2) ✈❛♥ ✭.③✐♥,-♥ ♥②❡❧✈✐ ❝=♠❦-✈❡❧ ❡❧❧2,✈❛ -. ✰ ❥❡❧❧❡❧ A..③❡❦❛♣❝.♦❧✈❛✮✱
❛ ❜➤✈=,♠-♥②❡❦ ❦A③A,, ♣❡❞✐❣ ❛ ❤♦❧❧❛♥❞♦❦ -. ❛ ❢)❛♥❝✐2❦ ✒✈❡❣②❡.❡♥✑ ❡❣② ❤❛❧♠❛③✲
❜❛♥ .③❡)❡♣❡❧♥❡❦✳ ➱)❞❡♠❡. -❧❡.❜❡♥ ❦✐♣)9❜2❧♥✐ ❛ ❚▲❚ ♠✐♥,❛✲❦♦)♣✉.③❤♦③ ♠❡❧❧-❦❡❧,
♣-❧❞2❦❛,✳
✺✳✺✳ ◆❡♠ ❝,❛❦ ✐❣7%❡
❱❡❣②D❦ -.③)❡✱ ❤♦❣② ❛③ ❡.③❦A③ ,❡,.③➤❧❡❣❡. ♦❧②❛♥ .,)✉❦,;)2❥; ♦❜❥❡❦,✉♠♦❦ ❦✉,❛,2.2✲
)❛ ❛❧❦❛❧♠❛.✱ ❛❤♦❧ ❡❣② ❡❣②.-❣❡♥ ❜❡❧D❧ ✈❛♥ ❡❣② ❦A③♣♦♥,✐ ❡❧❡♠ ✭❡.❡,D♥❦❜❡♥ ❛③ ✐❣❡✮✱
Szeged, 2018. január 18–19. 23
! ♠❡❧❧❡%%❡ ✈❛♥♥❛❦ ❤♦③③- %❛.%♦③/ ❡❧❡♠❡❦ ✭❡!❡%1♥❦❜❡♥ ❛ ❜➤✈4%♠ ♥②✐ ♥ ✈!③/❦✮✱
❛♠✐❦❡% ✈❛❧❛♠✐❢ ❧❡ ❦❛♣❝!♦❧❛% ✭❡!❡%1♥❦❜❡♥ ❛③ ❡!❡%.❛❣♦❦✴♥ ✈✉%/❦✮ ❢➯③ ❛ ❦@③♣♦♥%✐
❡❧❡♠❤❡③✳
❍❛ ✐❧②❡♥ !%.✉❦%C.-❥C❛❦ ❛③ ❛❞❛%❛✐♥❦✱ ❛❦❦♦. %✉❞✉♥❦ ❤♦③③- ▼❛③!♦❧-% ❦ !③4%❡♥✐✱
❜-.♠✐❧②❡♥ ❦♦♥❦. % %❛.%❛❧♠C❛❦ ✐! ❧❡❣②❡♥❡❦ ❛③ ❛❞❛%♦❦✳
❱❡❣②1❦ ♣ ❧❞-✉❧ ❛ ❥❡❧③➤✰❢➤♥ ✈ ♣-.♦❦❛%✳ ❊❜❜❡♥ ❛③ ❡!❡%❜❡♥ ❛ ❢➤♥ ✈ ❧❡!③ ❛ ❦@③✲
♣♦♥%✐ ❡❧❡♠✱ ❛ ❥❡❧③➤ ❛ ❤♦③③- %❛.%♦③/ ❡❧❡♠✱ ! ❛ ❦❛♣❝!♦❧❛% ❝!✉♣-♥ ❛♥♥❛❦ .@❣③4% !❡
❧❡!③✱ ❤♦❣② ❛ ❥❡❧③➤ ❛ ❢➤♥ ✈❤❡③ %❛.%♦③✐❦✳ ✭❆③ ❡.❡❞❡%✐ ✐❣❡✲❦@③♣♦♥%C ❡!❡%❜❡♥ ♠✐♥✲
❞✐❣ ❛♥♥②✐❢ ❧❡ ❦❛♣❝!♦❧❛% ✈♦❧%✱ ❛❤-♥② ❡!❡%.❛❣ ✐❧❧✳ ♥ ✈✉%/ ✈❛♥✱ ✐%% ✈✐!③♦♥% ♠✐♥❞@!!③❡
❡❣②❢❛❥%❛ ❦❛♣❝!♦❧❛% ✈❛♥✳✮ ■❧②❡♥ ❢❡❧ ♣4% !➯ ❛❞❛%❜-③✐! ❤❛!③♥-❧❛%-✈❛❧ ❛ ▼❛③!♦❧❛ ♠➯✲
❦@❞ ! ♥❡❦ ♠❡❣❢❡❧❡❧➤❡♥ ♠❡❣ ❢♦❣❥✉❦ ❦❛♣♥✐ ❛ ❢➤♥❡✈❡❦ ❥❡❧❧❡❣③❡%❡! ❥❡❧③➤✐%✱ ✐❧❧❡%✈❡ ❛
❥❡❧③➤❦❤@③ %❛.%♦③/ ❥❡❧❧❡❣③❡%❡! ❢➤♥❡✈❡❦❡%✳
✻✳ ❑♦♥❦❧'③✐*
❙③❛❜❛❞♦♥ ❡❧ .❤❡%➤✱ ❤❛!③♥-❧❤❛%/ ❛ ▼❛③!♦❧❛ ❡!③❦@③✳ ❆ !❛❥-% ❛❞❛%❛✐%✱ ❦♦.♣✉!③-%
♠❡❣❢❡❧❡❧➤❡♥ ❡❧➤❦ !③4%✈❡✱ ! ❛ .❡♥❞!③❡.❜❡ ❜❡❧❡✐❧❧❡!③%✈❡ ❜-.❦✐ ❦ !③4%❤❡% ✐❣ ❦ ! ❜➤✲
✈4%♠ ♥②❡❦ ✈✐③!❣-❧❛%-.❛ ❛❧❦❛❧♠❛! ❦✉%❛%/❡!③❦@③%✳ ❆ ❬✺❪✲❜❡♥ ❦@③③ %❡%% ❛❞❛%❜-③✐!
❤❛!③♥-❧❛%-✈❛❧ ❡❧➤-❧❧4%❤❛%/ ❛③ ❡.❡❞❡%✐ ♠❛❣②❛. ▼❛③!♦❧❛ ❢❡❧1❧❡%✳ ❆③ ❡.❡❞❡%✐ .❡♥❞!③❡.
.❡♣.♦❞✉❦-❧-!-♥-❧ ❛③♦♥❜❛♥ !♦❦❦❛❧ ✐③❣❛❧♠❛!❛❜❜✱ ❤❛ ❛ !❛❥-% ❛❞❛%❛✐♥❦.❛ ♣4%✈❡ ❛
❢❡♥%✐ @%❧❡%❡❦ ! ❦✐%❡.❥❡!③% !❡❦ ❛❧❛♣❥-♥ ❦ !③4%1♥❦ ❦1❧@♥❢ ❧❡ ♠-! ♥②❡❧✈❡❦.❡ !✴✈❛❣②
♠-! !%.✉❦%C.-❦.❛ ✈♦♥❛%❦♦③/ ❦♦.♣✉!③❧❡❦ .❞❡③➤❦❡% ❛ ▼❛③!♦❧❛ !❡❣4%! ❣ ✈❡❧✳
❑+,③+♥❡.♥②✐❧✈1♥2.1,
❆ ♠✉♥❦-❧❛%♦❦❛% ❛③ ▼❚❆ ❇♦❧②❛✐ ❏-♥♦! ❑✉%❛%-!✐ U!③%@♥❞4❥❛ %-♠♦❣❛%%❛ ✭1❣②!③-♠✿
❇❖✴✵✵✵✻✹✴✶✼✴✶❀ ✐❞➤%❛.%❛♠✿ ✷✵✶✼✲✷✵✷✵✮✳
❍✐✈❛.❦♦③1,♦❦
✶✳ ❙❛$$✱ ❇✳✿ ✒▼❛③$♦❧❛✑ ✕ ❡$③❦1③ ❛ ♠❛❣②❛5 ✐❣7❦ ❜➤✈;<♠7♥②$③❡5❦❡③❡<7♥❡❦ ✈✐③$❣>❧❛<>5❛✳
■♥✿ ❱>5❛❞✐ ❚❛♠>$ ✭$③❡5❦✳✮✿ ❱>❧♦❣❛<>$ ❛③ ■✳ ❆❧❦❛❧♠❛③♦<< ◆②❡❧✈7$③❡<✐ ❉♦❦<♦5❛♥❞✉$③
❑♦♥❢❡5❡♥❝✐❛ ❡❧➤❛❞>$❛✐❜L❧✱ ▼❚❆ ◆②❡❧✈<✉❞♦♠>♥②✐ ■♥<7③❡<✱ ❇✉❞❛♣❡$< ✭✷✵✵✾✮ ✶✶✼✕✶✷✾
✷✳ ❙❛$$✱ ❇✳✿ ❑♦5♣✉$③♥②❡❧✈7$③❡<✐ ❡$③❦1③ ❛ ♠❛❣②❛5 ✐❣7❦ ❜➤✈;<♠7♥②$③❡5❦❡③❡<7♥❡❦ ✈✐③$✲
❣>❧❛<>5❛✳ ■♥ ❙✐♥❦♦✈✐❝$✱ ❇✳✱ ❡❞✳✿ ▲✐♥❣❉♦❦ ✽✳ ✕ ◆②❡❧✈7$③✲❞♦❦<♦5❛♥❞✉$③♦❦ ❞♦❧❣♦③❛<❛✐✳
❏❆❚❊W5❡$$✱ ❙③❡❣❡❞ ✭✷✵✵✾✮ ✶✹✸✕✶✺✺
✸✳ ❙❛$$✱ ❇✳✿ ■❣❡✐ $③❡5❦❡③❡<❡❦ ❣②❛❦♦5✐$>❣✐ $③L<>5❛ ✲ ❡❣② ❛✉<♦♠❛<✐❦✉$ ❧❡①✐❦❛✐ ❦✐♥②❡5➤
❡❧❥>5>$ 7$ ❛❧❦❛❧♠❛③>$❛✳ W❤❉ <❤❡$✐$✱ WW❑❊ ■❚❑ ✭✷✵✶✶✮
✹✳ ❱>5❛❞✐✱ ❚✳✿ ❚❤❡ ❍✉♥❣❛5✐❛♥ ◆❛<✐♦♥❛❧ ❈♦5♣✉$✳ ■♥✿ W5♦❝❡❡❞✐♥❣$ ♦❢ <❤❡ ✸5❞ ■♥<❡5♥❛<✐✲
♦♥❛❧ ❈♦♥❢❡5❡♥❝❡ ♦♥ ▲❛♥❣✉❛❣❡ ❘❡$♦✉5❝❡$ ❛♥❞ ❊✈❛❧✉❛<✐♦♥ ✭▲❘❊❈✷✵✵✷✮✱ ▲❛$ W❛❧♠❛$✱
❙♣❛✐♥ ✭✷✵✵✷✮ ✸✽✺✕✸✽✾
✺✳ ❙❛$$✱ ❇✳✿ ✷✽ ♠✐❧❧✐L $③✐♥<❛❦<✐❦❛✐❧❛❣ ❡❧❡♠③❡<< ♠♦♥❞❛< ❡$ ✺✵✵✵✵✵ ✐❣❡✐ $③❡5❦❡③❡<✳ ■♥✿ ❳■✳
▼❛❣②❛5 ❙③>♠;<L❣7♣❡$ ◆②❡❧✈7$③❡<✐ ❑♦♥❢❡5❡♥❝✐❛ ✭▼❙❩◆❨✷✵✶✺✮✱ ❙③❡❣❡❞✿ ❏❆❚❊W5❡$$
✭✷✵✶✺✮ ✸✵✸✕✸✵✽
✻✳ W5L$③7❦②✱ ●✳✿ ❆ ♥②❡❧✈<❡❝❤♥♦❧L❣✐❛ 7$ ❛ ♠❛❣②❛5 ♥②❡❧✈<✉❞♦♠>♥②✳ ▼❛❣②❛5 ◆②❡❧✈
✶✵✽✭✶✮ ✭✷✵✶✷✮ ✶✕✶✽
✼✳ ■♥❞✐❣✱ ❇✳✱ ▲❛❦✐✱ ▲✳✱ ●-❜♦0✱ 1✳✿ ▼♦③❛✐❦ ♥②❡❧✈♠♦❞❡❧❧ ❛③ ❛♥❛❣0❛♠♠❛ ❡❧❡♠③➤❤<③✳ ■♥✿
❳■■✳ ▼❛❣②❛0 ❙③-♠?@A❣B♣❡D ◆②❡❧✈BD③❡@✐ ❑♦♥❢❡0❡♥❝✐❛ ✭▼❙❩◆❨✷✵✶✻✮✱ ❙❩❚❊✱ ❙③❡❣❡❞
✭✷✵✶✻✮ ✷✻✵✕✷✼✵
✽✳ ❋♦0✐♥@♦D✱ ➱✳✿ ◆❡✇ ❩❡❛❧❛♥❞✲❍✉♥❣❛0✐❛♥ ❧❛♥❣✉❛❣❡ ❝♦♥@❛❝@ ♣❤❡♥♦♠❡♥❛✳ ■♥ ❇-@②✐✱ ❙✳✱
❱?❣❤✲❙③❛❜A✱ ▼✳✱ ❡❞D✳✿ ❆ ♥②❡❧✈✿ 0❡♥❞D③❡0✱ ❤❛D③♥-❧❛@✱ ❛❧❦❛❧♠❛③-D✳ ❇✉❞❛♣❡D@✿ ❚✐♥@❛
❑<♥②✈❦✐❛❞A ✭✷✵✶✺✮ ✶✾✾✕✷✶✶
✾✳ ❑-❧♠-♥✱ ▲✳✿ ❇➤✈?@♠B♥②❦❡0❡@❡❦ ♠✐♥@ ❦♦♥D@0✉❦❝✐A❦✳ ■♥ ❑❛D✱ ❇✳✱ ❡❞✳✿ ❙③❛✈❛❞ ♥❡ ❢❡❧❡❞❞✦
❚❛♥✉❧♠-♥②♦❦ ❇-♥0B@✐ ❩♦❧@-♥ @✐D③@❡❧❡@B0❡✳ ❇✉❞❛♣❡D@✿ ▼❚❆ ◆②❡❧✈@✉❞♦♠-♥②✐ ■♥@B③❡@
✭✷✵✶✻✮ ✻✶✕✼✷
✶✵✳ ❑❡♥❡D❡✐✱ ■✳✿ ❆ D③A❢❛❥ ❢♦❣❛❧♠-0A❧ BD ♠❡❣❤❛@-0♦③-D-0A❧✳ ■♥ ❑❛D✱ ❇✳✱ ❡❞✳✿ ❙③❛✈❛❞ ♥❡
❢❡❧❡❞❞✦ ❚❛♥✉❧♠-♥②♦❦ ❇-♥0B@✐ ❩♦❧@-♥ @✐D③@❡❧❡@B0❡✳ ❇✉❞❛♣❡D@✿ ▼❚❆ ◆②❡❧✈@✉❞♦♠-♥②✐
■♥@B③❡@ ✭✷✵✶✻✮ ✽✶✕✾✷
✶✶✳ ❏♦❛❝❤✐♠✱ ▲✳✿ ▼♦0❢♦❧A❣✐❛✐ BD D③✐♥@❛❦@✐❦❛✐ ✐♥❢♦0♠-❝✐A❦ ❛ ♠❛❣②❛0 ♠✐♥@ ✐❞❡❣❡♥ ♥②❡❧✈
@❛♥✉❧A✐ D③-♠-0❛ ❦BD③?@❡@@ D③A@-0❛❦❜❛♥ BD D③AD③❡❞❡@❡❦❜❡♥ ✭❡❣② @❛♥✉❧A✐ D③A@-0 ❡❧➤✲
♠✉♥❦-❧❛@❛✐♥❛❦ D③❡♠♣♦♥@❥❛✐✱ @❛♣❛D③@❛❧❛@❛✐✮✳ ■♥ ❙③➯❝D✱ ❚✳✱ ◆-❞♦0✱ ❖✳✱ ❡❞D✳✿ ❍✉♥❣❛✲
0♦❧A❣✐❛✐ ➱✈❦<♥②✈ ✶✹✳ 1B❝D✿ ❉✐❛❧A❣ ❈❛♠♣✉D ❑✐❛❞A ✭✷✵✶✸✮ ✹✵✕✻✷
✶✷✳ ❲B❜❡0✱ ❑✳✿ ❊❧✈-0@ BD ❤❛D③♥-❧@ D③✐♥@❛❦@✐❦❛✐ D③❡0❦❡③❡@❡❦ ♠❡❣♦D③❧-D❛ ❜✶✱ ❜✷ BD ❝✶
D③✐♥@➯ ♠❛❣②❛0 ♠✐♥@ ✐❞❡❣❡♥ ♥②❡❧✈✐ ❢♦❣❛❧♠❛③-D❢❡❧❛❞❛@♦❦❜❛♥✳ ■♥ ❙③➯❝D✱ ❚✳✱ ◆-❞♦0✱
❖✳✱ ❡❞D✳✿ ❍✉♥❣❛0♦❧A❣✐❛✐ ➱✈❦<♥②✈ ✶✹✳ 1B❝D✿ ❉✐❛❧A❣ ❈❛♠♣✉D ❑✐❛❞A ✭✷✵✶✸✮ ✻✸✕✼✸
✶✸✳ ❲♦➟♦D③✱ ▼✳✿ ❆ ❧❡♥❣②❡❧ ✐❣❡✐ D③❡0❦❡③❡@❡❦ D③-♠?@A❣B♣❡D ❦✐♥②❡0BD❡ BD ❣②❛❦♦0✐D-❣✐ ✈✐③D✲
❣-❧❛@✉❦✳ ▼❛D@❡0✬D @❤❡D✐D✱ ❊▲❚❊ ■❑ ✭✷✵✶✸✮
✶✹✳ ❑♦0♥❛✐✱ ❆✳✱ ◆❡♠❡D❦❡②✱ ❉✳▼✳✱ ❘❡❝D❦✐✱ ●✳✿ ❉❡@❡❝@✐♥❣ ♦♣@✐♦♥❛❧ ❛0❣✉♠❡♥@D ♦❢ ✈❡0❜D✳
■♥ ❈❤❛✐0✮✱ ◆✳❈✳❈✳✱ ❈❤♦✉❦0✐✱ ❑✳✱ ❉❡❝❧❡0❝❦✱ ❚✳✱ ●♦❣❣✐✱ ❙✳✱ ●0♦❜❡❧♥✐❦✱ ▼✳✱ ▼❛❡❣❛❛0❞✱
❇✳✱ ▼❛0✐❛♥✐✱ ❏✳✱ ▼❛③♦✱ ❍✳✱ ▼♦0❡♥♦✱ ❆✳✱ ❖❞✐❥❦✱ ❏✳✱ 1✐♣❡0✐❞✐D✱ ❙✳✱ ❡❞D✳✿ 10♦❝❡❡❞✐♥❣D ♦❢
@❤❡ ❚❡♥@❤ ■♥@❡0♥❛@✐♦♥❛❧ ❈♦♥❢❡0❡♥❝❡ ♦♥ ▲❛♥❣✉❛❣❡ ❘❡D♦✉0❝❡D ❛♥❞ ❊✈❛❧✉❛@✐♦♥ ✭▲❘❊❈
✷✵✶✻✮✱ 1❛0✐D✱ ❋0❛♥❝❡✱ ❊✉0♦♣❡❛♥ ▲❛♥❣✉❛❣❡ ❘❡D♦✉0❝❡D ❆DD♦❝✐❛@✐♦♥ ✭❊▲❘❆✮ ✭✷✵✶✻✮
✶✺✳ ❱❛❞-D③✱ ◆✳✱ ❑❛❧✐✈♦❞❛✱ ❆✳✱ ■♥❞✐❣✱ ❇✳✿ ❊❣② ❡❣②DB❣❡D?@❡@@ ♠❛❣②❛0 ✐❣❡✐ ✈♦♥③❛@❦❡0❡@@-0 B♣?@BD❡ BD ❢❡❧❤❛D③♥-❧-D❛✳ ■♥✿ ❳■❱✳ ▼❛❣②❛0 ❙③-♠?@A❣B♣❡D ◆②❡❧✈BD③❡@✐ ❑♦♥❢❡0❡♥❝✐❛
✭▼❙❩◆❨✷✵✶✽✮✱ ❙❩❚❊✱ ❙③❡❣❡❞ ✭✷✵✶✽✮ ❥❡❧❡♥ ❦<@❡@❜❡♥
✶✻✳ ❑✐❧❣❛00✐✛✱ ❆✳✱ ❘②❝❤❧②✱ 1✳✱ ❙♠0③✱ 1✳✱ ❚✉❣✇❡❧❧✱ ❉✳✿ ❚❤❡ ❙❦❡@❝❤ ❊♥❣✐♥❡✳ ■♥✿ 10♦❝❡❡❞✐♥❣D
♦❢ ❊❯❘❆▲❊❳ ✷✵✵✹✱ ▲♦0✐❡♥@✱ ❋0❛♥❝❡ ✭✷✵✵✹✮ ✶✵✺✕✶✶✻
✶✼✳ ❑✐❧❣❛00✐✛✱ ❆✳✿ ❚❤❡ ❙❦❡@❝❤ ❊♥❣✐♥❡✿ ❚❡♥ ②❡❛0D ♦♥✳ ▲❡①✐❝♦❣0❛♣❤② ✶✭✶✮ ✭✷✵✶✹✮ ✼✕✸✻
✶✽✳ ❚0❛✉@♥❡0 ❑0♦♠❛♥♥✱ ▼✳✿ ❚❤❡ ❉❛♥✐D❤ ❉❡♣❡♥❞❡♥❝② ❚0❡❡❜❛♥❦ ❛♥❞ @❤❡ ❉❚❆● @0❡✲
❡❜❛♥❦ @♦♦❧✳ ■♥✿ 10♦❝❡❡❞✐♥❣D ♦❢ @❤❡ ✷♥❞ ❲♦0❦D❤♦♣ ♦♥ ❚0❡❡❜❛♥❦D ❛♥❞ ▲✐♥❣✉✐D@✐❝
❚❤❡♦0✐❡D ✭❚▲❚ ✷✵✵✸✮✱ ❱o①❥<✱ ❙✇❡❞❡♥ ✭✷✵✵✸✮
✶✾✳ ●❛✈0✐❧✐❞♦✉✱ ▼✳✱ ▲❛❜0♦♣♦✉❧♦✉✱ 1✳✱ 1✐♣❡0✐❞✐D✱ ❙✳✱ ●✐♦✉❧✐✱ ❱✳✱ ❈❛❧③♦❧❛0✐✱ ◆✳✱ ▼♦♥❛❝❤✐♥✐✱
▼✳✱ ❙♦0✐❛✱ ❈✳✱ ❈❤♦✉❦0✐✱ ❑✳✿ ▲❛♥❣✉❛❣❡ 0❡D♦✉0❝❡D ♣0♦❞✉❝@✐♦♥ ♠♦❞❡❧D✿ @❤❡ ❝❛D❡ ♦❢ @❤❡
■◆❚❊❘❆ ♠✉❧@✐❧✐♥❣✉❛❧ ❝♦0♣✉D ❛♥❞ @❡0♠✐♥♦❧♦❣②✳ ■♥✿ 10♦❝❡❡❞✐♥❣D ♦❢ @❤❡ ✺@❤ ■♥@❡0♥❛✲
@✐♦♥❛❧ ❈♦♥❢❡0❡♥❝❡ ♦♥ ▲❛♥❣✉❛❣❡ ❘❡D♦✉0❝❡D ❛♥❞ ❊✈❛❧✉❛@✐♦♥ ✭▲❘❊❈✷✵✵✻✮✳ ✭✷✵✵✻✮
✷✵✳ ▼❛❝❦❡♥✱ ▲✳✱ ❚0✉D❤❦✐♥❛✱ ❏✳✱ 1❛✉❧✉DD❡♥✱ ❍✳✱ ❘✉0❛✱ ▲✳✱ ❉❡D♠❡@✱ 1✳✱ ❱❛♥❞❡✇❡❣❤❡✱ ❲✳✿
❉✉@❝❤ 1❛0❛❧❧❡❧ ❈♦0♣✉D✳ ❆ ♠✉❧@✐❧✐♥❣✉❛❧ ❛♥♥♦@❛@❡❞ ❝♦0♣✉D✳ ■♥✿ 10♦❝❡❡❞✐♥❣D ♦❢ ❈♦0♣✉D
▲✐♥❣✉✐D@✐❝D ✷✵✵✼✱ ❇✐0♠✐♥❣❤❛♠✱ ❯♥✐@❡❞ ❑✐♥❣❞♦♠ ✭✷✵✵✼✮
✷✶✳ ❙❛DD✱ ❇✳✿ ❱❡0❜ ❆0❣✉♠❡♥@ ❇0♦✇D❡0 ❢♦0 ❉❛♥✐D❤✳ ■♥✿ 10♦❝❡❡❞✐♥❣D ♦❢ @❤❡ ✶✼@❤ ◆♦0✲
❞✐❝ ❈♦♥❢❡0❡♥❝❡ ♦❢ ❈♦♠♣✉@❛@✐♦♥❛❧ ▲✐♥❣✉✐D@✐❝D✱ ◆♦❉❛▲✐❉❛ ✷✵✵✾✱ ❖❞❡♥D❡✱ ❉❡♥♠❛0❦
✭✷✵✵✾✮ ✷✻✸✕✷✻✻
✷✷✳ ❙❛DD✱ ❇✳✿ 1-0❤✉③❛♠♦D ✐❣❡✐ D③❡0❦❡③❡@❡❦ ❦<③✈❡@❧❡♥ ❦✐♥②❡0BD❡ ♣-0❤✉③❛♠♦D ❦♦0♣✉D③✲
❜A❧✳ ■♥✿ ❱■■✳ ▼❛❣②❛0 ❙③-♠?@A❣B♣❡D ◆②❡❧✈BD③❡@✐ ❑♦♥❢❡0❡♥❝✐❛ ✭▼❙❩◆❨✷✵✶✵✮✱ ❙❩❚❊✱
❙③❡❣❡❞ ✭✷✵✶✵✮ ✶✵✷✕✶✶✵
✷✸✳ ❙❛DD✱ ❇✳✿ ❑❡0❡DBD ❦♦0♣✉D③❜❛♥✿ ❛ ❦✐❜➤✈?@❡@@ ▼❛❣②❛0 @<0@B♥❡@✐ D③<✈❡❣@-0 p❥ ❦❡0❡D➤❢❡✲
❧q❧❡@❡✳ ■♥ ❋♦0❣-❝D✱ ❚✳✱ ◆B♠❡@❤✱ ▼✳✱ ❙✐♥❦♦✈✐❝D✱ ❇✳✱ ❡❞D✳✿ ❆ ♥②❡❧✈@<0@B♥❡@✐ ❦✉@❛@-D♦❦
p❥❛❜❜ ❡0❡❞♠B♥②❡✐ ■❳✳✱ ❙③❡❣❡❞✿ ❙❩❚❊ ▼❛❣②❛0 ◆②❡❧✈BD③❡@✐ ❚❛♥D③B❦ ✭✷✵✶✼✮ ✷✻✼✕✷✼✼