PRE5D5Giardini di Naxos, Italy, May 15-18, 2005Promoted and organized by:

C H E M IC A L E N G IN E E R IN G T R A N S A C T IO N S , V o lu m e 7 ,2 0 0 5 P u b lis h e d byA ID IC

8th C

P

I

, M

O

E

S

P

R

P R E 5 D 5

Giardini di Naxos, Italy, May 15-18, 2005

Promoted and organized by:

AIDIC, the Italian Association o f Chemical Engineering

Edited by

Jiri Klem es

V O L U M E 2

Associazione Italiana Di Ingegneria Chimica

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First-edition 2005

Copyright © 2005, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l., ISBN 88-900775-8-1

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The Publisher

Official Organizers AIDIC

The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering Attn. Dr. Raffaella Damerio

Via Giuseppe Colombo, 81/ A 1-20133 Milano, Italy

Phone: +39-02-70608276 Fax: +39-02-59610042 e-mail: pres'05@aidic.it http://www.aidic.it/pres05

lUKlKJOMÏYI UlMTVrt

AIDIC thanks XEROX for the use of DigiPath

In order to m ake th is volu m e available as econom ically and as rapidly as possible the typescript has been reproduced in its original form . This m ethod unfortunately h as its typographical lim itation s but it is hoped that they in no w ay d istract the reader.

About Pres'05 Conference

PRES'05 is the eighth in the series of conferences which started 1998. It was initiated by the late Professor ZdenSk Burianec in the framework of the CHISA congresses. Since this date they have been held every two years in collaboration with the CHISA Congresses in Prague. In the intermediate years they have been associated with other world leading scientific meetings -1999 in Budapest with ESCAPE, 2001 in Florence with ICheaP, 2003 in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada with CSChE and this year with ICheaP again.

The aim of the PRES conferences is to review the latest development and applications in the fields of process integration, mathematical modelling and optimisation for energy conservation, pollution reduction and related topics leading to sustainable, environmentally friendly and cleaner production. Industrial experience of the application of available methodology is especially welcome.

fr e s d s Main Topics Process Integration & Process Design

Heat Integration

Reactive Separations for Industry of the Future Sustainability

Comp System Eng for Advanced Opt and Control E-Learning and Teaching

Drying

Hybrid Processes, Process intensification Waste and Biomass Processing

Sustainable Food Processing Biomass & Pulp and Paper

Water & Waste Water

Hybrid Processes, Process Intensification Waste and Biomass Processing

Sustainable Food Processing Biomass & Pulp and Paper

Water & Waste Water Heat Transfer and Heat Exchangers

Batch Processes Emissions, C02, LCA The PRES conference highly Advanced Design

appreciates the support offered by the main sponsor Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation and greatly values the contribution made by the session chairmen of the ISC.

The PRES'05 conference attracted 157 abstracts presented by 415 authors from 49 countries. Of these 129 papers were selected by the PRES'05 International Scientific Committee, of which 90 papers will be presented as oral presentations - 12 as Key-Note lectures and 39 as posters

The overall programme contains two parallel sessions during the first two days of the Conference and three parallel sessions on the last day. A permanent Poster Session has been organized for the whole duration of the Conference.

The best poster will be awarded

"Zdenek Burianec Memorial Award".

The Organizing Committee has faced the hard job of managing the participation of delegates from all over the world. The PRES'05 1ST greatly appreciates the work performed by the AIDIC and most especially by the Conference Organising Department in all stages of the Conference preparation.

Jiri KlemeS and Sauro Pierucci (PRES'05 Scientific Committee Presidents)

I N T E R N A T IO N A L S C I E N T I F I C C O M M I T T E E

President

Jiri Klemes The University of Manchester, UK Sauro Pierucci Politécnico di Milano, Italy

Vice-President

Ferenc Friedler University of Veszprem, Hungary Petr Stehlik VUT Brno, Czech Republic

Members

Bouallou C. - Ecole des Mines de Paris, FR

Cabezas H. - U.S. Environ. Protection Agency, Cincinnati Drahos J.- Institute of Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ Dovi V. - University of Genoa. IT

Georgiadis M. - Imperial College, London, UK Ghajar A.- Oklahoma State University, USA Gorak A. - Universitaet Dortmund, DE Gundersen T. - NTNU, Trondheim, NO Hirata K.- Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation, JP Huisingh D. - University of Tennessee, Knoxville, USA Kapustenko P. - Kharkov National Technical Univ., UA Kenig E. - Universitaet Dortmund, DE

Kraslawski A. - Lappeenranta Univ. of Technology, FI Kudra T. - CANMET, CA

Kukulka D. - Buffalo State University, USA Majozi T. - University of Pretoria, Pretoria, ZA Marechal F. - EPFL, Lausanne, CH

Narodoslawski M. - University of Graz, AT Perry Simon J. - The University of Manchester, UK Pistikopoulos S. - Imperial College, London, UK Plesu V. - University POLITEHNICA, Bucharest, RO Puigjaner L. - UPC, Barcelona, ES

Reay D. - DRA, Tyne and Wear, UK

Reis A. - CENERTEC-Centro de Energia e Tecnologia., PT Sabadi R. - Icidca, Habana, CU

Smith R. - The University of Manchester, UK Sorin M. - CANMET, CA

Stuart P. - Ecole Polytechnique, Montreal, CA

Szafnicki K.- Ecole Nat. Sup.des Mines, de St-Etienne FR Thonon B. - GRETH / CAE, Grenoble, FR

Urbaniec K. - WUT, Warsaw, PL

Worrell E.- Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, USA Wozny G. - TU Berlin, DE

Zhelev T. - University of Limerick, IR

PRES'05, 8th Conference on Process Integration, Modelling and Optimisation for Energy Saving and Pollution Reduction is promoted and organized by:

the Italian Association of Chemical Engineering

The Conference is sponsored by:

P o litécn ico di M ilano

MITSUBISHI CHEMICAL

M IT S U B IS H I Chem ical

Û Ö Ö Ű " Q W r r f l IS Î T f tO * 1 i W O r » o v *

Content

VOLUME I

COMP SYST ENG FOR ADVANCED OPT AND CONTROL

A. Hugo, P. Rutter, M. Georgiadis, E. Pistikopoulos, A. Amorelli and G. Zoia

ACQUISITION, MODELLING, AND REPRESENTATION OF 7 KNOWLEDGE AS CONTRIBUTION TO INCREASE THE

OPERATING RELIABILITY OF CHEMICHAL SYSTEMS

C. Becker De Arellano and G. Wozny

A METHODOLOGY FOR THERMO-ECONOMIC MODELLING 13 AND OPTIMIZATION OF SOFC SYSTEMS

F. Palazzi, F. Maréchal, J. van Herle and N. Autissier

THERMODYNAMICALLY GUIDED INTENSIFICATION OF 19 SEPARATION PROCESSES

M. Sorin and F. Rheault

SITE-MODEL UTILITY SYSTEM OPTIMISATION - INDUSTRIAL 25 CASE STUDY OF KKEPC

K. Hirata, P. Chan, K.Y. Cheung, H. Sakamoto, K. Ide and C.W. Hui

MODELLING AND SIMULATION OF LIQUID-LIQUID BATCH 31 REACTORS

X. Zheng, R. Smith and C. Theodoropoulos

APPLICATION OF THE HYDRODYNAMIC ANALOGY 37 APPROACH TO THE MODELLING OF STRUCTURED-

PACKING-CONTAINING COLUMNS

A. Shilkin and E. Kenig

IMPROVING PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS BY 43 AUTOMATIC DELAY ADJUSTMENT

E. Musulin, J.M. Nougues and L. Puigjaner

MODELLING OF VINYL ACETATE BIODEGRADATION 49 PROCESS IN TRICKLE BED BIOREACTOR

D. Kasperczyk and G. Bartelmus

LEACHING OF LOW-GRADE MANGANESE ORES: EFFECTS OF 55 MINERALOGICAL COMPOSITION AND REAGENT TYPES ON

THE OPTIMISATION OF THE OPERATIVE CONDITIONS

F. Pagnanelli, G. Furlani, F. Beolchini, F. Veglio and L. Toro

HEAT INTEGRATION

DEVELOPMENTS IN THE DESIGN AND OPTIMISATION OF 61 UTILITY SYSTEMS

R. Smith, O. Aguillar, S.J. Perry and J. Kuk Kim

REVISITING THE SEQUENTIAL FRAMEWORK FOR NEAR- 67 OPTIMAL HEAT EXCHANGER NETWORK SYNTHESIS

R. Anantharaman and T. Gundersen

ENERGY EXPENDITURE IN THE THERMAL SEPARATION OF 73 HYDROCARBON MIXTURES USING A SEQUENCE OF HEAT-

INTEGRATED DISTILLATION COLUMNS

M. Markowski, M. Trafczynski and K. Urbaniec

ENERGY TARGETING OF AUTO REFRIGERATION PROCESSES 79 WITH REFERENCE TO LNG PRODUCTION

A.F.A. Hoadley and C.C. Remeljej

ROBUST CONCEPTUAL DESIGN OF A RESIDUAL INDUSTRIAL 85 WASTE HEAT DISTRICT HEATING SYSTEM

A.N. Ajah, A.C. Patil and P.M. Herder

OPTIMUM WASTE INTERCEPTION WITH ENERGY 91

INTEGRATION TARGETS

A. Hamad

PROCESS INTEGRATION OPPORTUNITIES IN THE PLASTIC 97 WASTE TO PLASTIC PRODUCTION CHAIN

K. H. Kaggerud, I.L. Sisjord, U.I. Musdalslien and T. Gundersen

ENERGY INTEGRATION OF THE EARLY CRUDE OIL UNITS 103 WITH TAKE INTO ACCOUNT DIFFERENT REGIMES

L. Tovazhnyansky, P. Kapustenko, L. Ulyev, S, Boldyryev and M. Tamovsky

AMMONIA PLANT INTEGRATION USING COMBINED 109 CHEMICAL REACTOR ENERGY INTEGRATION AND PINCH

ANALYSIS

E.D. Lavric, K. Elst, J. De Ruyck, V. Plesu and V. Lavric

OPTIMIZATION OF THE ENERGY DEMAND OF BIO-ETHANOL 115 PRODUCTION BY PROCESS INTEGRATION

M. Pfeffer, W. Wukovits and A. Friedl

AN MILP MODEL FOR HEAT EXCHANGER NETWORKS RETROFIT

A. Barbara, M. Bagajewicz, N. Vipanurat and K. Siemanond

121

IMPACT OF ECONOMIC CRITERIA AND COST UNCERTAINTY ON HEAT EXCHANGER NETWORK DESIGN AND RETROFIT

N. Donnelly, J. Klemes and S.J. Perry

ENERGY INTEGRATION: DESIGN OF STABILIZER UNIT AND RETROFIT OF GAS SEPARATION UNIT

P. Suwannapisit, K. Siemanond, V.E. Thammongkol and N.T. Kanongchaiyot

THE ANALYSIS OF ENERGY UTILIZATION IN PROCESSES FOR SEWAGE SLUDGE TREATMENT

J. Boran, L. Houdkova, V. Ucekaj, P. Stasta and P. Stehlik

POSSIBILITIES OF WASTE ENERGY UTILIZATION IN LITHUANIAN INDUSTRIAL COMPANIES

I. Kliopova

DESIGN OF HEAT INTEGRATED DISTILLATION SYSTEMS FOR A LIGHT ENDS PLANT

M. Mascia, F. Ferrara, A. Vacca and G. Tola

COMPUTATIONAL APPROACH FOR EFFICIENT ENERGY UTILIZATION IN PROCESS INDUSTRY

M. Pavlas, P. Stehlik and J. Oral

NOVEL ENERGY SAVING TECHNOLOGIES ASSESSMENT BY EMINENT EVALUATION TOOL

J. Klemes, N. Zhang, 1. Bulatov, P. Jansen and J. Koppejan

RETROFIT SOLUTION IN CRUDE DISTILLATION PLANT USING PROCESS SIMULATION AND PROCESS INTEGRATION

V. Plesu, G. Bumbac, C. Tacu Marcov, I. Ivanescu and D. C. Popescu

SUSTAINABILITY

BEYOND PROCESS SYNTHESIS - OPTIMIZING REGIONAL ENERGY SYSTEMS

A. Niederl, L. Halasz and M. Narodoslawsky

A NOVEL DESIGN METHOD LEADING TO RENEWABLE ENERGY FROM SEA AND RIVER WATER: THE CONCEPTUAL DESIGN OF A 100 MW BLUE ENERGY PLANT IN THE

NETHERLANDS

M. Ter Meulen, H. Kleizen and J. Harmsen

ETHANOL AND BIOFUELS: A POSSIBLE SOLUTION FOR SUSTAINABLE ENERGY AND DEVELOPMENT

V. Naso, S. Simoni, G. Bungaro and G. Mattei

127

133

139

145

151

157

163

169

175

179

185

IDENTIFICATION OF THE EMERGING, ENERGY-RELATED 193 RESEARCH ISSUES IN THE STUDIES ON SUSTAINABLE

DEVELOPMENT

A. Kraslawski

ON THE SUSTAINABILITY OF AN INTEGRATED MODEL 195 SYSTEM WITH INDUSTRIAL, ECOLOGICAL, AND

MACROECONOMIC COMPONENTS

H. Cabezas, C. Pawlowski, H.W. Whitmore and A. Mayer

HYBRID PROCESSES, PROCESS INTENSIFICATION

PROCESS FOR THE CONTINUOUS PRODUCTION OF FATTY 201 ACID ESTERS VIA REACTIVE DISTILLATION AND

PERVAPORATION

C. von Scala, P. Faessler, E. Maus, O. Bailer, J. Gerla and I. Meszaros

PROCESS ANALYSIS OF HYBRID MEMBRANE SEPARATION 207 PROCESSES

P. Kreis and A. Gorak

KINETICS OF DIMERIZATION OF ISOBUTYLENE IN THE 213 PRESENCE OF ION EXCHANGE RESIN

S. Talwalkar, M. Chauhan, P. Aghalayam, S. Mahajani, Z. Qi and K. Sundmacher

NOVEL HEAT INTEGRATION CONCEPTS FOR HYBRID 219 DISTILLATION/ PERVAPORATION PROCESSES

R. Zerry, J.U. Repke, M. Wusterhausen and G. Wozny

OPTIMAL SAMPLING STRATEGY FOR THE ESTIMATION OF 225 DISPERSION PARAMETERS IN SOIL COLUMNS

F. Catania and O. Paladino

CARBON DIOXIDE ABSORPTION WITH CHEMICAL REACTION 231 IN AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS OF CALCIUM HYDROXIDE IN A

BUBBLE COLUMN

D. Gomez Diaz, J.M. Navaza and B. Sanjurjo

SULPHUR DIOXIDE ABSORPTION IN AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS 237 OF CALCIUM HYDROXIDE

D. Gomez Diaz, J.M. Navaza and B. Sanjurjo

DEVELOPING A DYNAMIC SIMULATION

D. Via, M. Laflamme-Mayer, M. Perrier and P. Stuart

243

ADVANCED DESIGN

OPTIMIZATION OF MANUFACTURING CONDITIONS FOR 249 ACTIVATED CARBON FROM TURKISH COAL BY CHEMICAL

ACTIVATION USING RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY

F. Karacan, U. Ozden and S. Karacan

AN ADVANCED MODEL OF VISBREAKING PROCESS 255

G. Bozzano, M. Dente, M. Sinatra and G. Conti

HYDROGEN PRODUCTION: COMBINATION OF 261

AUTOTHERMAL REFORMING AND INNOVATIVE CATALYSTS STARTING FROM LIGHT HYDROCARBONS

G. Iaquaniello, A. Mangiapane, P. Ciambelli, V. Palma and E. Palo

UNCOUPLING CR(VI) REDUCTION IN A DUAL-SPECIES 267 BACTERIAL CULTURE SYSTEM: ELECTRON-FLOW PATHWAY

ANALYSIS

E.M.N. Chirwa

ANALYTICAL MODELING OF FILTRATION COMBUSTION IN 273 PACKED BED

V. Bubnovich and M. Toledo

IS POST-SEPARATION MIXING OF RAW MATERIALS AND 279 RECYCLE BETTER FOR AMMONIA SYNTHESIS LOOP?

G. Bumbac, C. Ciomei, E.D. Lavric, J. De Ruyck, V. Lavric and F. Costantinescu

COMPARISON OF CATALYSTS FOR FCC GASOLINE 285

DESULPHURIZATION *-

S. Magyar and J. Hancsok

EFFECT OF FATTY ACID COMPOSITION ON THE QUALITY OF 291 FATTY ACID METHYL ESTERS IN ENZYMATIC

TRANSESTERIFICATION

J. Hancsok, F. Kovacs, M. Krar, S. Magyar and M. Nemenyi

REACTIVE SEPARATIONS FOR INDUSTRY OF THE FUTURE

ADVANCED COLUMN MODELLING FOR REACTIVE 297 EXTRACTION

H.J. Bart, S.A. Schmidt and M. Attarakih

REACTIVE BATCH DISTILLATION IN UNCONVENTIONAL 303 COLUMN CONFIGURATIONS: START-UP AND OPTIMAL

OPERATION

H. Arellano Garcia, I. Carmona and G. Wozny

DIMERISATION OF ISOBUTYLENE IN A REACTIVE 309 DISTILLATION COLUMN: PROCESS ANALYSIS AND

COMPARISON WITH CONVENTIONAL REACTOR CONCEPTS

R. Kamath, Z. Qi, K. Sundmacher, P. Aghalayam and S. Mahajani

CONCEPTUAL DESIGN OF FINISHING REACTIVE 315 DISTILLATION COLUMNS

G. Daniel, M. Jobson and R. Dragomir

DESIGN AND OPTIMISATION OF COMPLEX SEPARATION 321 PROCESSES USING ORTHOGONAL COLLOCATION ON FINITE

ELEMENTS MODELLING TECHNIQUES

N. Dalaouti and P. Seferlis

SYNTHESIS AND GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION OF REACTOR- 327 SEPARATION NETWORKS (RSN) VIA NLP PROCEDURES: PEM

FUEL CELL SYSTEM

S.K. Kamarudin, W.R.W. Daud, A. Md. Som, S. Takriff and A.W. Mohammad

SEPARATION OF MAXIMUM AZEOTROPES BY EXTRACTIVE 333 DISTILLATION IN A MIDDLE-VESSEL-COLUMN

B. Kotai and P. Lang

EXTRACTIVE DISTILLATION: PREDICTION OF THE VAPOUR - 339 LIQUID EQUILIBRIUM DATA OF MULTI-COMPONENT

SYSTEMS

E. Graczova, P. Steltenpohl and S. Bafmcova

WASTE AND BIOMASS PROCESSING

PROCESS SIMULATION AND CFD CALCULATIONS FOR THE 345 DEVELOPMENT OF AN INNOVATIVE BALED BIOMASS-FIRED

COMBUSTION CHAMBER

M. Miltner, A. Kerschbaum, C. Jordan, M. Harasek and A. Friedl

THE USE OF WASTE SLAG OF A ZINC RECOVERY PLANT 351 FROM BRASS AND GALVANIZING TAILINGS AS AGGREGATE

IN CONCRETE

H. Oguz and A, Karagoz Ozturk

MULTIOBJECTIVE WASTE MANAGEMENT UNDER 357

UNCERTAINTY IN EXISTING FACILITIES

L- Cavin, U. Fischer and K. Hungerbuhler

SOLID WASTE AND CARBON WASTE GENERATION IMPACT

M. Tellini, R. Del Rosso and P. Centola

363

PROGRESS IN DEVELOPMENT OF A NOVEL SEMI-EMPIRICAL NOX MODELLING APPROACH

V. Kermes, J. Hajek, P. Stehlik, L. Bebar and J. Oral

NEW DESIGN IN OFF-GAS CLEANING SYSTEMS SUPPORTED BY EXPERIMENTAL AND COMPUTATIONAL APPROACH

M. Filip, J. Buchta, L. Bebar and P. Stehlik

SIMULATION OF THE SCRUBBING UNIT WASTE INCINERATION PLANT USING CHEMCAD

A.M. Cormos, C. Cormos, A. Friedl and S. Agachi

REMOTE CONTROL OF EQUIPMENT FOR THERMAL

TREATMENT OF WASTE GASES WITH THE AID OF SOFTWARE SYSTEM "CONTROL WEB"

P. Cagas, R. Dvorak and P. Stehlik

VOLUME II

E-LEARNING AND TEACHING

GPROMS: AN ADVANCED TOOL FOR RESEARCH AND 393 TEACHING ON PROCESS MODELING, SIMULATION, DESIGN,

CONTROL AND OPTIMIZATION

M. Georgiadis, A. Giovanoglou, E. Pistikopoulos, J. Palacin-Linan and C. Pantelides

THE USE OF COMPUTER ASSISTED PROBLEM BASED 399 LEARNING IN ACHIEVING TEACHING OUTCOMES IN

ENGINEERING EDUCATION

S.J. Perry and J. Klemes

WEB BASED DISTANCE LEARNING FOR CPD 405

J.W. Ponton

SCORM-BASED CONTENT DELIVERY AND E-LEARNING 413 PLATFORM FOR CHEMICAL ENGINEERING EDUCATION IN

UNIVERSITY ,POLITEHNICA' OF BUCHAREST

A.M. Josceanu, R. Isopescu and V. Plesu

THE EUPACE.NET GUIDELINES FOR E-LEARNING IN PROCESS 419 AND CHEMICAL ENGINEERING

G. Wozny, C. Hausmanns, L. Urbas and B. Gauss

COMPUTATIONAL TOOLS FOR HEAT TRANSFER EQUIPMENT 425 IN PROCESS INDUSTRY

B. Kilkovsky, Z. Jegla, J. Kohoute£_and P. Stehlik

E-LEARNING INTERACTIVITY APPROACH IN CHEMICAL 431 ENGINEERING EDUCATION

R. Onofrei, A.M. Josceanu, P. Postelnicescu and V. Plesu

CLUSTERED LABORATORY-ASSISTED TEACHING IN 437 INTEGRATED PROCESS ENGINEERING

T. Zhelev and S. Zheleva

PI & PROCESS DESIGN

SPIONEXCEL - FAST AND EASY CALCULATION OF THE 443 SUSTAINABLE PROCESS INDEX VIA COMPUTER

D. Sandholzer, A. Niederl and M. Narodoslawsky

PROCESS EFFICIENCY BY COMPREHENSIVE PROCESS INTEGRATION

M. Hurme, M. Tuomaala and P. Ahtila

447

THE CONCEPTUAL DESIGN APPROACH - A PROCESS 453 INTEGRATION APPROACH ON THE MOVE

T. Zhelev

PROCESS INTEGRATION AND PROCESS DESIGN 459

N. Nyathi and T. Majozi

DEVELOPMENT OF A UNIFIED MASS AND HEAT 465 INTEGRATION FRAMEWORK FOR SUSTAINABLE DESIGN -

AN AUTOMATED APPROACH

A. Moodley and T. Majozi

SUSTAINABLE FOOD PROCESSING

AN ENERGY MANAGEMENT METHOD FOR THE FOOD 471 INDUSTRY

D. Muller, F. Marechal, T. Wolewinski and P. Roux

ECO-FRIENDLY SCHEME FOR THE PRODUCTION OF CANE 477 RAW SUGAR

G. Vaccari, E. Tamburini, T. Bemardi and G. Sgualdino

MODEL OF A SUGAR FACTORY WITH BIOETHANOL 483 PRODUCTION IN PROGRAM SUGARS TM

S. Henke, Z. Bubnik, P. Kadlec, A. Hinkova and V. Pour

SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS OF NETWORK SYNTHESIS MODELS - 489 THE CASE OF ANIMAL RESIDUE UTILIZATION

A. Niederl, L. Halasz and A. Nagy

NEW PROCESS FOR GELATINE PRODUCTION USING OF AN 495 INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGY ACHIEVING AN IMPORTANT

REDUCTION OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT

X. Ribas Canals, J. Muxach Navarro, M. Junca Riuro and P. Simonsen

ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT MEASURES AND PROCESS 499 BASED METHODS AS THE TOOLS FOR IPPC

IMPLEMENTATION IN SLAUGHTERHOUSE INDUSTRY:

LITHUANIAN CASE STUDY

D. Januskevicius and D. Pamakstys

EVALUATION OF THE OPERATIONAL CHANGES AND ITS 503 IMPLICATION IN A WASTEWATER TREATMENT POND FROM

A GELATIN INDUSTRY

L.B. Pissinatto, J.C. Zambelle, H. Ota, N.L. Ferreira and R. Guirardello

PROJECT DEVELOPMENT OF CO-PRODUCTION OF HOT AND 509 COLD THERMAL ENERGY FOR SMALL DAIRY PLANT USING

INNOVATIVE CLEAN TECHNOLOGY FROM BIOMASS WASTE

P.V. Pannirselvam, G. Mattel, S. Simoni, B. H. S. Santiago and M. R. Fernandes

BIOMASS & PULP AND PAPER

INVESTIGATION OF PERMEABILITY DURING COMPRESSION 515 DEWATERING OF LIGNITES AND BIOMASS

O.N. Scholes, S.A. Clayton, A.F.A. Hoadley and R.A. Wheeler

USING LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT (LCA) AS A TOOL TO 521 ENHANCE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENTS (EIA)

F. Cornejo, M. Janssen, C. Gauldreault, R. Samson and P. Stuart

SILOXANE REMOVAL FROM BIOGAS TOWARDS USAGE IN 529 FUEL CELLS

F. Accettola, P. Holubar and R. Schoeftner

APPLICATION OF THE TAGUCHI METHOD IN THE 535 EVALUATION OF MECHANICAL FLOTATION IN WASTE

ACTIVATED SLUDGE THICKENING

B. Du Plessis and G. De Villiers

EMISSIONS, C 02, LCA

EFFICIENCY OF AN IGCC POWER PLANT INCLUDING C 02 541 REMOVAL

C. Descamps, C. Bouallou and M. Kanniche

A PROCEDURE FOR THE CALCULATION OF C 02 547 SEQUESTRATION CAPACITY IN COAL BEDS

G. Di Federico and S. Brandani

IMPACT AND IMPLICATION OF EMISSION TRADING IN 553 SLOVENIA

E. Kranjcevic

LIFE-CYCLE GREENHOUSE GAS, NOX AND S 0 2 EMISSIONS 559 FROM POWDERED COAL/BIOMASS CO-FIRING FOR POWER

GENERATION

C. De Carolis, R. Tan, S. Santos, E. Foppa Pedretti and G. Riva

ON POLLUTION MINIMIZATION IN THE OPTIMIZATION 565 MODELS OF PROCESS NETWORK SYNTHESIS

C. Imreh and Z. Kovács

REDUCTION OF C 02 EMISSIONS BY CALCIUM CARBONATE 571 PRODUCTION FROM CALCIUM SILICATES

S. Teir, S. Eloneva and R. Zevenhoven

POSSIBLE OPTIMAL CONFIGURATIONS FOR THE ZECOMIX 577 HIGH EFFICIENCY ZERO EMISSION HYDROGEN AND POWER

PLANT

A. Calabro, P. Deiana, P. Fiorini, S. Stendardo and G. Girardi

THE CORROSION SENSITIVITY OF C 02 IN METHANOL 583 PROCESS USING NLP MODEL

A. Kovac Kralj and P. Glavic

EFFECT OF GLUCOSE AND GLUCOSAMINE UPON THE 589 CARBON DIOXIDE ABSORPTION

D. Gomez Diaz, J.M. Navaza and L. Vázquez-Orgeira

CARBON DIOXIDE - WATER IN OIL MICROEMULSIONS MASS 595 TRANSFER PROCESS. EFFECT OF PERCOLATION

PHENOMENON

D. Gomez Diaz, J.C. Mejuto, J.M. Navaza and B. Sanjurjo > —

LCA OF STRIPPABLE COATINGS AND OF PRINCIPAL 601 COMPETING MATERIAL USED IN NUCLEAR

DECOMMISSIONING

F. Cumo, L. De Santoli and G. Guidi

HEAT TRANSFER AND HEAT EXCHANGERS

TIME SERIES ANALYSIS IN CHARACTERIZATION OF PROCESS 607 DATA

J. Drahos and M.C. Ruzicka

PETROCHEMICAL PLANTS CAPACITY UP-RATING BY 615 APPLICATION OF TWISTED TUBE HEAT EXCHANGERS

TECHNOLOGY

J. Lutcha and J. Jelinek

DEVELOPMENT OF A ONE-DIMENSIONAL NUMERICAL 621 MODEL OF AN ISOOCTANE CATALYTIC AUTOTHERMAL

REFORMER

V. Li, P. Oosthuizen, S. Harrison and B. Peppley

THE FEATURES OF CALCULATION AND ADJUSTING OF 627 STEAM-HEATED PLATE HEAT EXCHANGERS

L. Tovazhnyansky, P. Kapustenko, G.L. Khavin and O.P. Arsenyeva

A NUMERICAL STUDY OF THE EFFECT OF A PARIALLY 633 CLOSED PLANE BLIND ON THE CONVECTIVE HEAT

TRANSFER FROM A WINDOW TO A ROOM

P. Oosthuizen

MEASUREMENTS OF HEAT TRANSFER OF MULTI-LAYERED 639 WALL CONSTRUCTION WITH FOAM GYPSUM

J. Skujans, A. Vulans, U. Iljins and A. Aboltins

HEATING AND COOLING USING RENEWABLE ENERGY 645 SOURCES AND ENERGY EFFICIENCY

B. Thonon

SURFACE FINISH EVALUATION OF PROCESS SURFACES USED 651 IN FOULING APPLICATIONS

D.J. Kukulka and M. Devgun

BOILER CONTROLLER DESIGN USING DYNAMIC 657 OPTIMISATION

M. Rodriguez, A. Bandoni and S. Diaz

BATCH PROCESSES

MODELING THE ENERGY CONSUMPTION OF CHEMICAL 663 BATCH PLANTS - TOP-DOWN AND BOTTOM-UP APPROACH

P. Bieler, A. Szijjarto, U. Fischer and K. Hungerbuhicr

MINIMISATION OF OPERATING (ENERGY) COST, OPTIMAL 669 DESIGN AND OPERATION UNDER FIXED PRODUCT DEMAND

SCENARIO IN INVERTED BATCH DISTILLATION COLUMN

A. Masoud and I. Mujtaba

AN EXPERT SYSTEM FOR CLEANER PRODUCTION IN BATCH 675 PROCESSES

I. Halim and R. Srinivasan

GENERALISED METHOD FOR THE CALCULATION OF 681 RESIDUE CURVES OF BATCH HETEROAZEOTROPIC

DISTILLATION

P. Lang and G. Modla

OPTIMUM STORAGE DESIGN FOR OPTIMUM FRESHWATER USE IN MULTIPURPOSE BATCH PLANTS

T. Majozi

687

DRYING

INSTRUMENTATION AND ON-LINE IDENTIFICATION OF THE 693 WOOD DRYING SYSTEMS FOR THE PREDICTIVE CONTROL

APPLICATIONS

S. Tarasiewicz

PENETRATION MODEL FOR CONTACT DRYING OF 701 AGITATED SEWAGE SLUDGE

P. Arlabosse

PRODUCT REMOVAL FROM THE SURFACE OF INERT 707 PARTICLES IN A SPOUTED BED DRYER

V.E. Kutsakova

RETENTION OF ASCORBIC ACID DURING DRYING OF 713 TOMATO HALVES AND TOMATO PULP

A. Goula and K. Adamopoulos

ENERGY SAVINGS DRYING PROCESS FOR LUMBER 719

J. De Vore

MODEL-BASED ESTIMATE FOR THE TIME-DEPENDENT 725 APPARENT DIFFUSIVITY

G. Efremov and T. Kudra

SOLIDS TRANSPORT IN A PILOT-SCALE ROTARY KILN: 731 COMPLEMENTARY EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS

N. Descoins and J.L. Dirion

THERMALLY-ASSISTED MECHANICAL DEWATERING : STATE- 737 OF-THE ART AND NEW DEVELOPMENTS

A. Fernandez, P. Arlabosse and N. Descoins

WATER & WASTE WATER

A NEW MATHEMATICAL PROGRAMMING APPROACH FOR 743 THE OPTIMAL DESIGN OF WASTEWATER TREATMENT

SYSTEMS

P. Castro, H. Matos and A. Novais

RECOVERING OF COMBUSTIBLE AND WATER FROM HYDROCARBON WASTEWATER FROM TANK WASHING

E. Gonzalez, A. Rodriguez, D. Lorenzo, C. Prado and J. Tojo

COST-BASED WATER NETWORK OPTIMIZATION BY GENETIC ALGORITHM

V. Lavric, P. Iancu, V. Plesu, I. Ivanescu and M. Ilie

SIMPLIFIED MODEL FOR THE DETERMINATION OF THE STEADY STATE RESPONSE OF COOLING NETWORKS

C. Nila Gasca, M. Picon Nunez and A. Morales Fuentes