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PROCEEDINGS OF THE

23rd International Symposium

on Analytical and Environmental Problems

October 9-10, 2017

University of Szeged, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry

Szeged

Hungary

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Edited by:

Tünde Alapi István Ilisz

Publisher:

University of Szeged, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, H-6720 Szeged, Dóm tér 7, Hungary

ISBN 978-963-306-563-1

2017.

Szeged, Hungary

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The 23

rd

International Symposium on Analytical and Environmental Problems

Organized by:

SZAB Kémiai Szakbizottság Analitikai és Környezetvédelmi Munkabizottsága

Supporting Organizations

University of Szeged, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry Hungarian Academy of Sciences

Symposium Chairman:

István Ilisz, PhD

Honorary Chairman:

Zoltán Galbács, PhD

Organizing Committee:

István Ilisz, PhD associate professor

University of Szeged Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry ilisz@chem.u-szeged.hu

Tünde Alapi, PhD assistant professor

University of Szeged Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry

alapi@chem.u-szeged.hu

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Lecture Proceedings

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NEW MONONUCLEAR COBALT(III) AND MANGANESE(III) COMPLEXES CONTAINING A HEXADENTATE SCHIFF BASE LIGAND

Anamaria Ardelean1, Ildiko Buta1, Liliana Cseh1, Viorel Sasca1, Florica Manea2, Peter Lönnecke3, Evamarie Hey-Hawkins3, Otilia Costisor1

1 Institute of Chemistry of the Romanian Academy, 24 Mihai Viteazu Bvd. 300223-Timisoara, Romania

2 University Politehnica Timisoara, Faculty of Industrial Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, 6 Vasile Parvan Bvd. 300223-Timisoara, Romania

3 Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Universität Leipzig, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Johannisallee 29, 04103-Leipzig, Germany

e-mail: ana_maria.ardelean@yahoo.com

Abstract

Manganese and cobalt complexes in high oxidation state play an important role in a diverse range of enzymatic and electron-transfer processes in biological systems1 and as antibacterial or antiviral agents2. Here, we report the synthesis and crystal structures of two new mononuclear complexes [MnL](ClO4) (1) and [CoL](NO3)·2CH3OH (2) containing N,N’- bis[(2-hydroxybenzilideneamino)propyl]-piperazine (H2L) (Figure 1). X-ray structure determinations of 1 and 2 revealed that both compounds consist of mononuclear complex cations containing trivalent metal centers, MnIII or CoIII. The metal ions are coordinated in a distorted octahedral fashion by the N4 donor set of the ligand in basal and the two phenoxo oxygen atoms in apical positions. Spectral properties are consistent with the crystallographic results and the electrochemical properties of the complexes have been investigated by cyclic voltammetry. Furthermore, thermal studies were performed to deduce the stabilities of the ligand and complex 2.

Figure 1. Chemical structure of the complexes 1 and 2 Acknowledgements

We are thankful to the Romanian Academy of Science, (Project 4.1.) for the financial support.

References

[1] K. Wieghardt, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 28 (1989) 1153.

[2] E. L. Chang, C. Simmers, D. A. Knight, Pharmaceuticals, 3 (2010), 1711.

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STANDARDIZATION PROCESS BY NAA METHOD FOR PHYTOPHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY

Daniela Haidu1, Dénes Párkányi,2, Diana Antal3, Cecilia Savii1, Ludovic Kurunczi1,3

1 Institute of Chemistry Timişoara of the Romanian Academy, 24 Mihai Viteazul Bvd., 300223 – Timișoara, Romania

2 Centre for Energy Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 29 – 33 Konkoly Thege Miklós út, 1121 – Budapest, Hungary

3 Pharmacy I Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babeş” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 – Timișoara, Romania

e-mail: dana_141@yahoo.com

Abstract

The ancient therapeutic remedies for modern needs are represented by medicinal crop plants, the raw material for phytopharmaceutical forms. Medicinal plants are generally viewed only in terms of beneficial effects without considering the potentially toxic side [1]. In this context in the present study elemental composition for seven representative medicinal crop plants as:

coriander, dill, Echinacea, lavender, chamomile, mint and plantain, cultivated in unpolluted areas in Romania, were analyzed. Among many analytical methods used for determination of plant elemental content, that generally imply the vegetal matrix disintegration, the Neutronic Activation Analysis (NAA) is classified as primary ratio method [2]. By validating the NAA procedure by statistical evaluation of the nominal error En≤1 (ISO 13528-2015) [3], NAA proved to be an accurate, specific and multielement analysis technique for medicinal plants with the advantage of eliminating the preliminary step of digestion, in this way certain errors being avoided. This method is differentiated as one with high potential to obtain internal plant standards in the phytopharmaceutical industry. These standards can be vegetable matrix, or plant specific, once achieved can be used a long period of time to verify and validate more routinely accessible analytical techniques, which in turn require a digestion stage.

A critical assessment provided by the results include the essential nutrients (K, Ca, Mg, Na, Fe, K, Mn, Zn), micro- and trace elements (Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Se, V), as well as the undesirable, potentially toxic elements (Al, As, Ba, Co, Cr, Ni, Sb) together with rare earth elements. The values are comparable with literature. These plants may provide a useful contribution to food intake with essential macronutrients (K, Ca, Mg) and the concerns regarding the toxicity of metals for a person, are removed. Seemingly the Al (4997 ppm) and Fe (3315 ppm) [4]

content in lavender is of some worry. In fact, many studies [5] revealed that some plants species, and lavender among them, exhibit metal bioaccumulation properties and are used for phytoremediation of contaminated soils. This dual implication, beneficial for soil depollution, but critical in transmitting the accumulated metals to humans, is to be considered. Choosing an unpolluted area, in order to cultivate medicinal plants, seems to be an efficient strategy from this point of view. Still, another conclusion is that a rigorous analytical control of the raw materials is advisable for some of the elements (among them aluminium) to avoid risks.

Acknowledgements

This project has received funding from the European Union's 7th Framework Programme for research, technological development and demonstration under the NMI3-II Grant number

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283883. We want to thank for the financial support of the MTA INFRA infrastructure development grants and to Romanian Academy.

References

[1] P. Pohl, A. Dzimitrowicz, D. Jedryczko, A. Szymczycha-Madeja, M. Welna, P. Jamroz, J.

Pharm. Biomed. Anal. 130 (2016) 326.

[2] L. Szentmiklósi, D. Párkányi, I. Sziklai-László, J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. 309 (2016) 91.

[3] ISO 13528, 2015. Statistical methods for use in proficiency testing by interlaboratory

comparison. Published in Switzerland

http://www.iso.org/iso/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=56125

[4] D. Haidu, D. Párkányi, R.I. Moldovan, C. Savii, I. Pinzaru, C. Dehelean, L. Kurunczi, J Anal Methods Chem. 2017 (2017) 9748413.

[5] V.R. Angelova, D.F. Grekov, V.K. Kisyov, K.I. Ivanov, Int. J. Biol., Biomol., Agric., Food Biotechnol. Eng. 9 (2015) 522.

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SUPRAMOLECULAR „SOFT“ ASSEMBLIES BASED ON COPPER(I) COORDINATION COMPLEXES

Elisabeta Ildyko Szerb1, Carmen Cretu1, Adelina Antonia Andelescu1, Liliana Cseh1, Otilia Costisor1

1Institute of Chemistry Timisoara of Romanian Academy, 24, Mihai Viteazu Bvd.

300223 – Timisoara, Romania e-mail: szella73@gmail.com

Copper(I) coordination complexes with N^N chelating oligopyridines are valuable candidates for applications in solar energy conversion1 or lightning technologies2 because of their excellent photophysical and photochemical properties and for the low cost and ready availability of the metal. The most attractive systems are based on ligands able to stabilise their tetrahedral geometry (D2d symmetry) and to hinder the flattening distortions which facilitates oxidation to Cu(II) species.3

Herein we present the synthesis and characterisation of new stable Cu(I) complexes based on functionalised 2,2’-biquinoline ligands (Figure 1) that self-assemble into “soft”

supramolecular architectures.

N N

R R

N N

R R

Cu X-

+

CuL1_ClO4: R = OCOC18H37 and X = ClO4; CuL1_BF4: R = OCOC18H37 and X = BF4;

N N

O O

O O

OC16H33 OC16H33

OC16H33 C16H33O

C16H33O

C16H33O

N N

O OC18H37 O

C18H37O

L2 L1

CuL2_ClO4: R = and X = ClO4;

CuL2_BF4: R = and X = BF4; O

O

OC16H33

OC16H33 OC16H33

O O

OC16H33 OC16H33

OC16H33

CuL3_ClO4: R = OCO(CH2CH2O)4CH3 and X = ClO4; CuL3_BF4: R = OCO(CH2CH2O)4CH3 and X = BF4;

N N

O

O(CH2CH2O)4CH3 O

H3C(OH2CH2C)4O

L3

Figure 1. Chemical structure of ligands L1-L3 and their Cu(I) complexes CuLn_X, where X = ClO4 or BF4.

The stoichiometry and purity of all compounds were determined using elemental analyses, Atomic Absorption, IR and 1H NMR spectroscopies. The functionalisation of the biquinoline ligand with long alkyl chains yielded thermotropic liquid crystalline systems (CuL1_X and CuL2_X), whereas insertion of hydrophilic groups promoted the assembly in water into supramolecular aggregates (CuL3_X).

The thermal behaviour of complexes CuLn_X with n = 1 and 2 was investigated by polarized optical microscopy (POM) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). UV-Vis studies on CuL3_X evidenced the presence of supramolecular aggregates in water. Stabilization of Cu(I) systems can be also achieved by building supramolecular assemblies and thus blocking the

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fluxional process towards a distorted “Cu(II)-like” geometry in concentrated solution of complexes.

Acknowledgements

Authors are thankful to the Romanian Academy of Science (Project 4.1.).

References

[1] M. W. Mara, D. N. Bowman, O. Buyukcakir, M. L. Shelby, K. Haldrup, J. Huang, M. R.

Harpham, A. B. Stickrath, X. Zhang, J. F. Stoddart, A. Coskun, E. Jakubikova, L. X. Chen, J.

Am. Chem. Soc., 137 (2015) 9670.

[2] N. Armaroli, G. Accorsi, M. Holler, O. Moudam, J.-F. Nierengarten, Z. Zhou, R. T. Wegh, R. Welter, Adv. Mater. 18 (2006) 1313.

[3] A. Crispini, C. Cretu, D. Aparaschivei, A. A. Andelescu, V. Sasca, V. Badea, I. Aiello, E.

I. Szerb, O. Costisor, Inorg. Chim. Acta (2017) DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2017.05.064.

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NOBLE METAL COLLOID AND Co-PORPHYRIN HYBRID SENSITIVE TO 4-AMINOSALICYLIC ACID

Anca Lascua*, Ionela Fringua, Anca Paladea, Mihaela Birdeanua,b, Mirela Vaidab

a Institute of Chemistry Timisoara of Romanian Academy, M. Viteazul Ave. 24, 300223- Timisoara, Romania, Tel: +40256/491818; Fax: +40256/491824

b National Institute for Research and Development in Electrochemistry and Condensed Matter, 1

Plautius Andronescu Street, 300569 Timisoara, Romania email: ancalascu@yahoo.com

Abstract

A hybrid organic-inorganic nanomaterial (Co-3OHPP/n-Au) composed of Co(II) 5,10,15,20- meso-tetra(3-hydroxyphenyl)porphyrin (Co-3OHPP) and gold nanoparticles (n-Au) was tested as sensitive material for the optical detection of 4-aminosalicylic acid (PAS). This novel nanomaterial is able to detect 4-aminosalicylic acid in a reasonable concentration domain, covering one order of magnitude: 1.24 x 10-5 – 3.9 x 10-4M. The dependence between the intensity of absorption and the concentration in 4-aminosalicylic acid is linear, with a fair correlation coefficient of 95 %. This hybrid material can be further included in simple devices for the rapid and facile dosage of this antituberculosis drug in body fluids.

Introduction

Aminosalicylic acid has bacteriostatic activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis but it has seriously debilitating side effects. It is currently used only in the severe cases of multi- drug resistant TB. The controlled release of this drug was attempted by the intercalation of 4- amino salicylic acid (PAS) anions into biocompatible zinc layered hydroxide, using zinc oxide as starting material, and the creation of a nanocomposite [1].

The detection of PAS in body fluids is necessary [2], in spite of the fact that the detection of amino acids in general is affected by the continuous change of their ionic form with pH [3].

Among the detecting methods, the chromatographic ones [4] require laborious preparations of the samples. A method that uses samples without pretreatment implies capillary zone electrophoresis [5].

Porphyrins and metalloporphyrins provide recognition sites for amino acids and oligopeptides through their central metal ion and various functional groups at the four meso- and eight β-positions of pyrolles. Immobilized metallo-phenylporphyrins can be used as sensitive and selective sensors for different L-amino acids at pH 7 as they provide two avenues of interaction: the first via the metallic center of porphyrin and the second between the -π electrons of the macrocycles with the analytes [3].

In the present work a hybrid organic-inorganic nanomaterial (Co-3OHPP/n-Au) composed of Co(II) 5,10,15,20-meso-tetra(3-hydroxyphenyl)porphyrin (Co-3OHPP) and gold nanoparticles (n-Au) was tested as sensitive material for the optical detection of 4- aminosalicylic acid (PAS) (Figure 1).

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Figure 1. The structure of the investigated compounds Materials and methods

A JASCO model V-650 spectrometer was used for the UV-vis measurements in 1 cm quartz cuvettes at room temperature. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements were performed on a Nanosurf®EasyScan 2 Advanced Research AFM (Switzerland) microscope.

The samples were deposited onto pure silica plates from solvent mixtures (THF-water).

Images were obtained in noncontact mode at room temperature.

Solvents (THF) were acquired from Merck and used without any further purification.

The synthesis, optical and morphological characterization of the hybrid material was presented in previous work [6]. The 4-aminosalicylic acid (purchased from Merck) was solved in distilled water to obtain a final solution of 4.23 x 10-3 molar concentration.

The tested organic-inorganic hybrid material was obtained as follows: to 3 mL gold colloid solution (c = 4.58 x 10-4 M)(Figure 2a) was added 1 mL of Co-porphyrin solution in THF (c = 5.15 x 10-5 M)(Figure 2b) under intense stirring. The obtained hybrid presents the largest plasmonic band as compared to the initial materials’ spectra (Figure 2c) [6].

Figure 2. UV-vis spectra of the gold colloid solution (c = 4.58 x 10-4 M)(a); of the Co- porphyrin (c = 5.15 x 10-5 M) (b); andof the hybrid material (c)

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Figure 3 depicts the AFM images of the obtained hybrid material, in which the triangular platelets of the hybrid form both H and J type aggregates by self-assembly.

Figure 3. AFM images at 2, 4 and 9 micrometers respectively for the Co-3OHPP-nAu hybrid The sensitivity tests were performed as follows: to 3 mL hybrid solution were added portions of 20 µL of 4-aminosalicylic acid solution, the mixtures were stirred for 30 seconds and the UV-vis spectra were recorded for each step.

Results and discussions

The optical response of the Co-3OHPP-nAu hybrid to the adding of 4-aminosalicylic acid solution was monitored by UV-vis spectroscopy (Figure 4). It can be observed that the plasmonic band presents a red shift and a decreasing intensity with the increase in PAS concentration, from 620 nm (c = 2.8 x 10-5M) to 677 nm (c = 1.1 x 10-3M). An isosbestic point can also be noticed at 680 nm on the plasmonic band. The detectable concentration domain for which the dependence between the intensity of absorption and the 4-aminosalicylic concentration is linear spans from 1.24 x 10-5M to 3.9 x 10-4M.

Figure 4. Overlapped UV-vis spectra registered during adding of increasing amounts of PAS solution to the Co-3OHPP/nAu hybrid material

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The dependence between the intensity of absorption and the concentration in 4- aminosalicylic acid is linear, with a good correlation coefficient of 95 %.

Figure 5. The linear dependence between the intensity of absorption of the hybrid plasmon and the increasing PAS concentration

Conclusion

A hybrid organic-anorganic nanomaterial composed of a Co-metallated symmetrical porphyrin, Co(II) 5,10,15,20-meso-tetra(3-hydroxyphenyl)porphyrin and gold nanoparticles was tested as sensitive material for 4-aminosalicylic acid detection. It can be concluded that this novel optically active nanomaterial is able to detect 4-aminosalicylic acid in a large concentration domain, covering one order of magnitude: 1.24 x 10-5 – 3.9 x 10-4M. The dependence between the intensity of absorption and the concentration in 4-aminosalicylic acid is linear, with a fair correlation coefficient of 95 %. This hybrid material can be further included in simple devices for the rapid and facile dosage of this antituberculosis drug in body fluids.

Acknowledgements

The authors from Institute of Chemistry Timisoara of Romanian Academy are kindly acknowledging the support of Romanian Academy, Program 3-Porphyrins/2017

References

[1] B. Saifullah, M. Z. Hussein, S. H. Hussein-Al-Ali, P. Arulselvan, S. Fakurazi, Chem. Cent.

J. 7:72 (2013) DOI: 10.1186/1752-153X-7-72.

[2] F. das Neves Almeida, Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. AJRCCM 82(4) (1960) 580.

[3] M. A. Awawdeh, J. A. Legako, H. J. Harmon, Sens Actuators B 91 (2003) 227–230.

[4] M. G. H. Laghari, Y. Darwis, A. H. Memon, Trop. J. Pharm. Res. 13(7) (2014) 1133-1139.

[5] C. L. Cummins, W. M. O'Neil, E. C. Soo, D. K. Lloyd, I. W. Wainer, J. Chromatogr. B.

Biomed. Sci. Appl. 697(1-2) (1997) 283-288.

[6] E. Fagadar-Cosma, I. Sebarchievici, A. Lascu, I. Creanga, A. Palade, M. Birdeanu, B.

Taranu, G. Fagadar-Cosma, J. Alloys Compds. 686 (2016) 896-904.

y = -0.0062x + 1.3251 R² = 0.9508

1 1.1 1.2 1.3

0 20 40 60

Int ens it y of abs orpt ion

4-aminosalicylic acid …

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PROFILING AND STRUCTURAL CHARACTERIZATION BY MASS SPECTROMETRY OF REGION-SPECIFIC GANGLIOSIDES IN BRAIN

Mirela Sarbu 1,2, Željka Vukelić 3, David E. Clemmer 4, Alina D. Zamfir 1,2 (mirela.sarbu86@yahoo.co.uk)

1National Institute for Research and Development in Electrochemistry and Condensed Matter, Timisoara, Romania; 2Departmentof the Analysis and Modeling of Biological Systems, Aurel Vlaicu University of Arad, Romania; 3Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb Medical School, Zagreb, Croatia; 4Department of Chemistry, Indiana University,

Bloomington, Indiana, United States of America e-mail: alina.zamfir@uav.ro

Abstract

Gangliosides (GGs), a particular class of glycosphingolipids ubiquitously found in tissues and body fluids, exhibit the highest expression in the central nervous system, especially in brain.

GGs are involved in crucial processes, such as neurogenesis, synaptogenesis, synaptic transmission, cell adhesion, growth and proliferation. For these reasons, efforts are constantly invested into development and refinement of specific methods for GG analysis. We have recently shown that ion mobility separation (IMS) mass spectrometry (MS) has the capability to provide consistent compositional and structural information on GGs at high sensitivity, resolution and mass accuracy. In the present study we have implemented IMS MS for the first time in the study of a highly complex native GG mixture extracted and purified from a normal fetal hippocampus in the 17th gestational week (denoted FH17). The combination of electrospray ionization, ion mobility separation and high resolution mass spectrometry in the negative ionization mode enhanced ganglioside separation based not just on the m/z value, but also on the charge state, the carbohydrate chain length and the degree of sialylation. In the generated driftscope plot (drift time versus m/z), 131 distinct gangliosides characterized by high variability of the oligosaccharide core and diversity of the ceramide moiety were identified with an average mass accuracy of 12.3 ppm. As compared to previous studies where no separation techniques prior to MS were applied, IMS MS technique has not just generated valuable novel information on the GG pattern characteristic for hippocampus in early developmental stage, but also provided data related to the GG molecular involvement in the synaptic functions by the discovery of 25 novel structures modified by CH3COO-. By applying IMS in conjunction with collision induced dissociation (CID) tandem MS (MS/MS), novel GG species modified by CH3COO- attachment, discovered here for the first time, were sequenced and structurally investigated in details. The present findings, based on IMS MS, provide a more reliable insight into the expression and role of gangliosides in human hippocampus, with a particular emphasis on their cholinergic activity at this level.

Acknowledgements

This project was supported by the Romanian National Authority for Scientific Research, UEFISCDI, project PN-III-P4-ID-PCE-2016-0073 granted to ADZ.

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THE CHROMATOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS OF CARAWAY ESSENTIAL OIL AS THE POTENTIAL BIOPESTICIDE

Tijana Stojanović1, Vele Tešević2, Vojislava Bursić1, Gorica Vuković3, Jovana Šućur1, Aleksandra Popović1, Miloš Petrović1

1University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Agriculture, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 8, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia

2 University of Belgrade, Faculty of Chemistry, Studenski Trg 16, Beograd, Srbija

3 Institute of Public Health, Bul. despota Stefana 54a, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia e-mail: tijana.stojanovic@polj.edu.rs

Abstract

The chromatographic analysis of essential oil was carried out by recording the mass spectrums of the detected components by GC-MS. After confirming the components through retention times and Kovats indices, their quantification was done by GC-FID. The main constituents of the caraway essential oil are carvone with 68.22% and limonene with 21.80% in content.

Beside carvone and limonene there were 25 constituents which in total make less than 10.00%

of the studied essential oil.

Introduction

In recent years essential oils have drawn attention due to their biological effect as potential agents in pest control [1]. As the by-products of plant metabolism they are regarded as evaporable secondary metabolites of plants which are the mixture of mono and sesquiterpenes.

The biological activity of essential oils depends on their chemical composition, the part of the plant they have been extracted from, phenological state of the plant, environmental conditions and the extraction methods [2].

Caraway (Carum carvi) is an annual or biannual herbaceous plant with an axial root system from Apiaceaefamily. The name of the genus is derived from the Greekkaror kara,which means „head“, due to the appearance of its inflorescence [3]. Most essential oils are active in low concentrations (0.1 g/kg of food). The chemical composition of the essential oil of C.

carvi collected from various countries has been widely studied and great variations in essential oil content and chemical composition of the essential oil were observed. Many data indicated that the essential oil possessed antimicrobial, antifungal, molluscidal, nematicidal, antioxidant and antiaflatoxigenic activities, as well as potential as a cancer preventing agent [4].

The content of essential oils, the amount of carvone and limonene in the oil and the ratio of both substances are the main quality criteria determined in caraway production. To determine carvone and limonene contents, mostly the gas chromatography with flame ionisation (GC/FID) or mass spectrometry (GC/MS) detection are used. Highperformance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with polarimetric detection, derivative spectrophotometry and proton magnetic resonation can also be applied [5].

Since the main components of essential oils are considered responsible for their biological activity, the objective was to determine the chemical composition of caraway essential oil by the chromatographic analysis, obtained in the distillation by water vapor.

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The caraway essential oil was extracted from the fruit (fructus) by hydrodestilation (HD) with n-hexane as an organic solvent/recipient, collected on a private farm at Mošorin (N 45°17’28.113 E 20°11’43.80936). Thirty grams of caraway were subjected to hydrodestilation for 3 hours using a Clevenger-type apparatus. The essential oil was collected over water, separated, dried over anhydrous sodium sulphate, and stored in the dark at 4 ºC.

The chromatographic analysis of essential oil was carried out by recording the mass spectrums of the detected components by gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). After confirming the components through retention times and Kovats indices, their quantification was done by the gas chromatography with flame ionization detector (GC-FID).

GC/FID analysis of tested samples of essential oils was carried out on an Agilent Technologies, model 7890A gas chromatograph, equipped with split-splitless injector and automatic liquid sampler (ALS), attached to HP-5MS column (30 m x 0.25 mm, 0.25 µm film thickness) and fitted to flame ionisation detector (FID). Carrier gas flow rate (H2) was 1 ml/min, injector temperature was 250 °C, detector temperature 300 °C, while column temperature was linearly programmed from 40-260 °C (at the rate of 4 °C /min), and held isothermally at 260 °C next 5 minutes. Solutions of tested samples in EtOH (~15 ml/ml) were consecutively injected by ALS (2 µl, split mode 1:30). Area percent reports, obtained as result of standard processing of chromatograms, were used as the base for the quantification purposes.

Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The same chromatographic conditions as those mentioned for GC/FID were employed for GC/MS analysis, using HP G 1800C Series II GCD system [Hewlett-Packard, Palo Alto, CA (USA)]. Instead of hydrogen, helium was used as carrier gas. Transfer line was heated at 260°C. Mass spectra were acquired in EI mode (70 eV), in the range of 40-450 Da. Sample solutions were injected by ALS (2 µl, split mode 1:30).

The constituents were identified by comparison of their mass spectra to those from Wiley275 and NIST/NBS libraries, using different search engines (PBM and NIST). In addition, the experimental values for retention indices were determined by the use of calibrated Automated Mass Spectral Deconvolution and Identification System software (AMDIS ver. 2.64.) [6], compared to those from available literature [7], and used as additional tool to approve MS findings.

Results and discussion

The chromatogram obtained by the GC-MS analysis is shown (Figure 1), while the constituents of caraway essential oil are shown in Table 1. From the obtained results it can be concluded that the main constituents of the caraway essential oil are carvone with 68.22% and limonene with 21.80% in content (Table 1).

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Figure 1. Chromatogram of caraway essential oil Table 1. Constituents of the caraway essential oil

No Constituents KIE KIL RT/MS RT/FID Area

%,

m/m % ID RRT CI

1 -Pinene 926.6 932 6,57 10,767 841,4 1,12 1,12 0,464 16

2 Verbenene 965.5 961 7,73 12,095 74,4 0,10 0,10 0,521 1

3 -Pinene 969.2 974 7,84 12,304 1411,4 1,88 1,88 0,530 28

4 Myrcene 988.6 988 8,42 12,765 415,9 0,56 0,56 0,550 8

5 -Phellandrene 1000.7 1002 8,79 13,272 59,6 0,08 0,08 0,571 1

6 3-Carene 1004.8 1008 8,93 13,533 1995,1 2,66 2,66 0,583 39

7 Limonene 1025.3 1024 9,63 14,405 16323,3 21,80 21,80 0,620 320

8 Linalool 1101.9 1095 12,20 16,981 217,4 0,29 0,29 0,731 4

9 trans-Sabinene hydrate 1108.5 1098 12,47 17,313 10,6 0,01 0,01 0,745 0 10

trans-p-Mentha-2,8-dien-

1-ol 1118.9 1119 12,84 17,844 148,1 0,20 0,20 0,768 3

11 cis-Limonene oxide 1128.2 1132 13,16 18,282 164,5 0,22 0,22 0,787 3 12 trans-Limonene oxide 1133.4 1137 13,35 18,446 237,0 0,32 0,32 0,794 5

13 Camphor 1136,5 1141 13,46 18,588 19,2 0,03 0,03 0,800 0

14 Pinocarvone 1157,0 1160 14,17 19,483 70,7 0,09 0,09 0,839 1

15 trans-2-Caren-4-ol 1174,3 1176 14,77 20,046 68,7 0,09 0,09 0,863 1

16 Myrtenal 1190,6 1195 15,39 20,788 532,0 0,71 0,71 0,895 10

17 trans-Dihydro carvone 1199,1 1200 15,63 21,077 292,1 0,39 0,39 0,908 6 18 trans-3-Caren-2-ol* 1203,3 n/a 15,77 21,330 112,4 0,15 0,15 0,918 2

19 cis-Carveol 1223,3 1226 16,45 22,242 202,8 0,27 0,27 0,958 4

20 neoiso-Dihydro carveol 1231,9 1226 16,74 22,640 210,0 0,28 0,28 0,975 4 21 Carvone 1247,3 1239 17,26 23,225 51088,7 68,22 68,22 1,000 1000 22 Perilla aldehyde 1276,6 1269 18,27 23,835 178,1 0,24 0,24 1,026 3

23 n.i. n/a n/a 24,165 29,0 0,04 1,040 1

24 n.i. 1312,3 19,44 25,142 69,9 0,09 1,083 1

25 n.i. 1325,1 19,87 25,361 21,3 0,03 1,092 0

26 trans-Caryophyllene 1408,3 1417 22,54 28,904 53,4 0,07 0,07 1,244 1 27 Caryophyllene oxide 1573,0 1582 27,47 34,339 36,8 0,05 0,05 1,479 1

74883,9 100,00 99,84

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000

0.000 0.500 1.000 1.500

Concentration index (CI)

RRT (carvone = 1.000)

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18 Conclusion

Based on the chromatographic analysis of caraway essential oil obtained in the distillation by water vapor it can be concluded as follows:

- The main constituents of the caraway essential oil are carvone with 68.22% and limonene with 21.80% in content.

- Beside carvone and limonene there were 25 constituents which in total make less than 10%

of the studied essential oil.

- Since the main components affect the biological activity of essential oil the conclusion is that the biological effect of caraway essential oil is affected by monocyclic monoterpenes carvone and limonene.

Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank the Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development for the financial support (Project TR 31027).

References

[1] T. Stojanović, A. Popović, X Conference of Agronomy students, 23-25 August, Čačak, Serbia, Proceedings (2017) 134.

[2] D.A. Ukeh, S.B.A. Umoetok, Crop Protection. 30 (2011) 1351.

[3] M. Šarović (2012). Kim (Carum carvi) i začin i lek, Nutricia.

[4] R. Fang, C. Jiang, X. Wang, H. Zhang, H. Liu, L. Zhou, S. Du, Z. Deng, Molecules 15 (2010) 9391.

[5] J. Sedláková, B. Kocourková, L. Lojková, V. Kubáň, Plant Soil Environ. 49(6) (2003) 277.

[6] Automated Mass Spectral Deconvolution and Identification System software (AMDIS ver.

2.64.), National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Standard Reference Data Program, Gaithersburg, MD (USA).

[7] R.P. Adams (2007) Identification of Essential Oil Components by Gas Chromatography / Mass Spectrometry, 4th Ed., Allured Publishing Corporation, Carol Stream, Illinois, USA.

[8] A. Ebadollahi, Ecologia Balkanica 5(1) (2013) 151.

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THE EFFECTS OF ELEVATED SUMMER TEMPERATURES ON CONTENT OF PESTICIDE RESIDUES IN SNR „OBEDSKA BARA“

Martina Mezei1*, Vojislava Bursić1, Vuković Gorica2, Jasna Grabić1, Sonja Gvozdenac3, Aleksandra Petrović1, Dušan Marinković1

1University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Agriculture, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 8, Novi Sad, Serbia

2Institute of Public Health, Bulevar despota Stefana 54a, 11000 Beograd, Serbia

3Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Maksima Gorkog 30, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia e-mail: tinica91@gmail.com

Abstract

A special nature reserve Obedska Bara is a world famous swamp area which has been, throughout its long history, a true home for plants and animals and a center of attention of many explorers, scientists and nature lovers. It appeared more than several thousand years ago and since then many things have changed. Given that Obedska Bara is surrounded with agricultural land, there is a possibility that the swamp could be polluted with pesticides. The aim of this study was to highlight the influence of elevated summer temperatures on the content of pesticide residues in SNR „Obedska Bara“. Sampling was carried out at the end of July and August 2017. Pesticide analysis of 90 pesticides was performed by using LC/MS-MS detection. The obtained recoveries were from 69.8 – 114.7% with the relative standard deviation of 2.28 – 11.7% for all investigated pesticides. The obtained limits of quantification - LOQs for all twenty-one investigated pesticides were 0.010 µg/L. The results of pesticide analysis in a water sample from Obedska Bara indicate the presence of 8 pesticides. Just one of them was detected at levels exceeding maximum allowable concentrations –MACs.

Introduction

Once a famous ornithological reserve and today a special nature reserve, Obedska Bara-forest complex is located along the river Sava in southern Srem, Vojvodina, Serbia. In the area of the reserve three-level protection regime is established on the total area of 9820 ha. Obedska bara has been known around the world since the mid-nineteenth century, since when the stories of it as of "paradise" for birds have been spreading. It was proclaimed the protected area in 1994, however the first data about its protection is “since 1874“. Thus, it is the oldest protected area in the country, and also one of the oldest natural resources in the world. "Golden Age" of Obedska swamp lasted throughout the 19th and early decades of the 20th century. Due to its extraordinary natural values, Obedska Bara is on the list of wetlands of the Ramsar Convention from 1977, as the first in our country, and it was declared in 1989 an internationally important bird area (IBA) as well. Obedska bara is known for the variety of wetland and forest habitats, many species of mammals, fish, amphibians, reptiles, insects and extreme wealth of flora, fish fauna and especially of bird fauna.

The degradation of water quality caused by an anthropogenic influence is a problem which is present even at some SNRs in the Province of Vojvodina, Serbia [1, 2]. The pollution problem of aquatic environments has become the main topic of discussion of many scientists and experts from the field of environmental protection. Unfortunately, this problem was noticed relatively late (at the end of 1980’s), after the chemicals in the water caused the disappearance of many aquatic organisms. The special attention is devoted to pesticides which can migrate to surface and groundwater, after the application to plants and soil [3]. Pesticides can get into the

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water directly during treatments, by atmospheric precipitation, by desorption from aquatic organisms and sediments, by incorrect use of sprayers, when washing the machines and protective clothing after the pesticides application, and by waste packaging of pesticides [4].

When getting into the water, pesticides can be transformed by physical, chemical and biological processes. A large amount of toxic and persistent compounds can be bound to the solid matter and become an integral part of the sediment. The polluted sediment, due to resuspension, becomes a basic and permanent source of these pollutants and the largest potential source of water quality risks [5, 6].

Keeping in mind all above mentioned, the regular monitoring of pesticides presence in Obedska Bara is required.

Material and methods

Water sample collection and preservation. Water samples from Obedska Bara were collected at the end of July and August 2017, from two locations Obrež (N 44° 73' 421'' E 19°

99' 061'') and Kula (N 44° 73' 811 E 19° 99' 123''). The water sample was taken from the boat, at the central and ultimate positions of the swamp.

The water was collected in amber glass bottles (1 L) by plunging at the depth of 50 cm and closing with the lid under the water surface. The sample was transported to the laboratory in handy cool boxes and kept at 4 ºC until the analysis.

Pesticide analysis. Pesticide analysis of 90 pesticides was performed with an Agilent 1200 HPLC system equipped with a G1379B degasser, a G1312B binary pump, a G1367D autosampler and a G1316B column oven (Agilent Technologies, Waldbronn, Germany).

Chromatographic resolution was achieved with Zorbax XDB C18 analytical column of 50×4.6 mm and 1.8 µm particle size (Agilent Technologies) maintained at 30 °C. The analytical separation was performed using a gradient program starting with 90% mobile phase B and progressing to 5% mobile phase B at 15 min, with methanol as mobile phase A, and water as mobile phase B, both containing 0.1% formic acid. The flow rate was maintained at 0.5 mL min-1. The tandem mass spectrometry analysis was carried out with an Agilent 6410 Triple Quadrupole mass spectrometer equipped with an multimode source (Agilent Technologies, Palo Alto, CA, USA). The following ionization conditions were used: electrospray ionization (ESI+) positive ion mode, drying gas (nitrogen) temperature 325 °C, drying gas flow rate 5 L/min, nebulizer pressure 40 psi and capillary voltage 3000 V. The dwell time was 100 ms.

The data acquisition and quantification was conducted using MassHunter Workstation software B.03.01 (Agilent Technologies 2010). The method was validated according to SANTE/11945/2015 document. The limits of detection (LODs) were determined as the lowest concentration giving a response of three times the average baseline noise. The signal/noise ratio (S/N) in the obtained chromatograms for the LOD estimation was calculated by MassHunter Qualitative Software. LODs were defined as analyte peaks giving the S/N ratio of 3 extracted from the less intense (confirmation) MRM transition, calculated using an extract of Milli–Q water (250 mL) spiked at the 50 ng/L level. The linearity was checked using matrix matched standards (MMS) at concentrations from 10 to 200 ng/mL. The recovery was checked by enriching a blank sample (250 mL of tap water) with the mixture of pesticide standards of 10 g/mL to get the final mass concentration of 20, 100 and 200 ng/L, with the addition of the internal standards carbofuran-D3, atrazine-D5 and isoproturon-D6 (mass concentration 10 µg/mL).

The sample preparation was performed with Bond ElutPlexa (60 mg, 3 mL) which were conditioned with 3 mL of methanol and 3 mL of HPLC - grade water. After conditioning, 250

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mL volume of water was enriched onto the cartridge with the flow rate settled between 3 and 10 mL/min. The cartridge was then flushed with 5 mL of HPLC - grade water. Pesticides were eluted from the sorbent with 5 mL of methanol and collected in the 10 mL amber glass vial.

The solvent was evaporated under a gentle stream of nitrogen in a Techne-Dry block and the residue was dissolved in 0.25 mL of initial mobile phase composition. An extract volume of 10 µL was injected into the LC/MS-MS for the detection.

Results and discussion

The developed LC-MS/MS chromatographic procedure exhibits excellent linearity (R2>0.99) in the 10 – 200 ng/mL range with satisfactorily precision (RSD<15%). Detection limits were defined for a ratio of S/N of 3 from the less intense (confirmation) MRM transition, calculated using a extract of Milli–Q water (250 mL) sample spiked at the 50 ng/L level. The accuracy and precision were determined via recovery experiments, spiking reagent water at 20, 100 and 200 ng/L, at six replicates per level. The obtained recoveries were from 69.8 – 114.7% with the relative standard deviation of 2.28 – 11.7% for all investigated pesticides.

The obtained limits of quantification - LOQs for all twenty-one investigated pesticides were 0.010 µg/L.

Figure 1. TIC chromatogram (Obrez July)

In Table 1. the concentration detected of the different pesticides are presented.

Table 1. Detected pesticide in the water samples (µg/L)

Pesticide Kula (July) Obrež (July) Kula (August) Obrež (August)

metamitron 0.009

metolachlor 0.017 0.015 0.092 0.134

terbuthylazine 0.039 0.006 0.03 0.036

Desethyl- terbuthylazine

0.005 0.004 0.005

acetamipride 0.005 0.006 0.087 0.041

imidacloprid 0.038 0.01 0.006 0.008

klothianidin 0.004 0.004 0.001 0.002

thiamethoksam 0.012 0.028 0.003 0.006

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Directive 2013/39/EC [8] brings us environmental quality standards (EQS) 21 pesticides. The presence in the environment of the pesticides that are not encompassed in this Directive is regulated by maximum allowable concentration (MAC) of 0.1 μg/L (sum 0.5 μg/L).

The results of pesticide analysis in a water sample from Obedska Bara indicate the presence of 8 pesticides, which are all detected in the sample Kula from July. Just one of them (Table 1) was detected at levels exceeding maximum allowable concentrations -MACs (0.1 µg/L) according to the Decision 495/2015/EC and Directive 2008/105/EC [9]. The highest concentration of pesticides (metolahlor 0.134 µg/L) was detected in the sample from Obrež sampled in August.

Conclusion

Elevated temperatures during summer months are able to increase a degree of degradation and volatilization of pesticides, but based to our findings and results we are not able to confirme that clames.

Figure 2. average temperatures during July (left) and August (right) Acknowledgement

The authors acknowledge the financial support of the Ministry of Education and Science, Republic of Serbia, Project Ref. III 43005

Reference

[1] J. Grabić, V. Ćirić, P. Benka, S. Đurić, University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Aagriculture.

(2016).

[2] J. Grabić, V. Ćirić, P. Benka, S. Đurić, A. Bezdan, V. Bursić, L. Pavlović, N. Antonić, R.

Zemunac, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Poljoprivredni fakultet. (2017).

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23

[3] R. Đurović, J. Gajić-Umiljendić, T. Đorđević, Pestic. Phytomed. 24 (2009) 51.

[4] V. Bursić, G. Vuković, Z. Stojanović, S. Gvozdenac, T. Zeremski, M. Meseldžija A.

Petrović, XXI Savetovanje o biotehnologiji sa međunarodnim učešćem, 11-12. mart, Čačak, Zbornik radova 21 (23) (2016) 359.

[5] S. Gvozdenac, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Poljoprivredni fakultet. Doktorska disertacija (2016).

[6] S. Gvozdenac, V. Bursić, G. Vuković, S. Đurić, C. Goncalves, D. Jovičić, S. Tanasković, Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. 23 (18) (2016) 18596.

[7] SANTE/11945/2015. Guidance document on analytical quality control and validation procedures for pesticide residues analysis in food and feed.

[8] European Union, Directive 2013/39/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council, Official Journal of the European Communities, L226/1.

[9] European Union, Directive 2015/495/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council, Official Journal of the European Communities, L348.

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PRECURSOR FOR SOFT MATERIALS BASED ON IONIC LIQUID CRYSTALS

Angela M. Spirache1, Carmen Cretu1, Viorel Sasca1, Liliana Cseh1, Otilia Costisor1 Elisabeta I. Szerb1

1Institute of Chemistry Timisoara of Romanian Academy, 24 Mihai Viteazu Bvd., 300223 - Timisoara, Romania, e-mail:spirache@acad-icht.tm.edu.ro

Ionic liquid crystals (ILCs) are emerging as appealing materials for practical applications since are expected to combine the technological properties of ionic liquids (ILs: such as ionic conductivity) and those of liquid crystals (LCs: order and mobility).[1] The field of ILCs is continuously growing as many recent applications were found: solar cells, membranes, batteries, electrochemical sensors or electroluminescent switches.[2] Different factors are responsible for governing the nature of ILC phases, such as the molecular shape, location and size of ionic groups, intermolecular interactions and microphase segregation [2].

Herein, we report the synthesis and characterization of new ionic liquid crystalline salts of nicotinic acid (Figure 1).

N OH

O Cl

AgNO3 NO3 N

1 3

AgDOS N

HO O DOS

DOS = -O3SO

O O

Ag

2

SCN N 2

O-K+ O KSCN

Figure 1. Synthesis and chemical structures of the new ILCs.

These compounds were characterized by spectral (IR, UV-Vis and 1H NMR) and termogravimetric methods (TGA). Their mesomorphic behavior was investigated by polarized optical microscopy (POM) and differential thermal analysis (DTA).

The influence of the counterions on the stability and mesomorphic properties of the obtained compounds will be presented.

These compounds will be used as precursors for the synthesis of advanced functional materials for electrooptical devices.

Acknowledgements

This work was supported by a grant of Ministery of Research and Innovation, CNCS - UEFISCDI, project number PN-III-P4-ID-PCE-20160720, within PNCDI III. The authors are kindly acknowledging also the support from the Romanian Academy (Project 4.1).

References

[1] J. W. Goodby, I. M. Saez, J. S. Cowling, V. Görtz, M. Draper, A. W. Hall, S. Sia, G.

Cosquer, S. E. Lee, E. P. Raynes, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 47 (2008) 2754.

[2] E. J. R. Sudholter, J. B. F. N. Engberts, W. H. de Jeu, J. Phys. Chem., 86 (1982) 1908.

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ÚJ Fe(II)-KOMPLEXEK ELŐÁLLÍTÁSA α-DIOXIMOKKAL, BÓRSAVVAL ÉS ÉSZTEREIVEL, SZEMI- ÉS TIOSZEMIKARBAZONOKKAL, SCHIFF- BÁZISOKKAL, VALAMINT FIZIKAI-KÉMIAI ÉS BIOLÓGIAI VIZSGÁLATUK ifj. Várhelyi Csaba1, Kuzmann Ernő2, Pokol György3, Szalay Roland2, Goga Firuţa1,

Papp Judit4, Golban Ligia-Mirabela1, Várhelyi Melinda1, Kovács Ildikó1

1 Kémia és Vegyészmérnöki Kar, „Babeş-Bolyai” Tudományegyetem, RO-400 028 Kolozsvár, Arany János u. 11, Románia

2 Kémiai Intézet, „Eötvös Loránd” Tudományegyetem, H-1117 Budapest, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/a, Magyarország

3 Vegyészmérnöki és Biomérnöki Kar, Budapesti Műszaki és Gazdaságtudományi Egyetem, H-1111 Budapest, Műegyetem rkp. 3, Magyarország

4 Biológia és Geológia Kar, „Babeş-Bolyai” Tudományegyetem, RO-400 015 Kolozsvár, Gheorghe Bilaşcu u. 44, Románia, e-mail: vcaba@chem.ubbcluj.ro

Abstract

In our research project new iron(II) complexes were synthesized with azomethines, such as [Fe(1,4-dibromo-2,3-butane-GlyoxH)2(3-HO-aniline)2], [Fe(1,4-dibromo-2,3-butane- GlyoxH)2(2-amino-pyrimidine)2], [Fe(4-benzyl-2-HO-propiophenone-GlyoxH)2], [Fe(5- methyl-2-hexanone)2(en)], [Fe(5-methyl-2-hexanone)2(1,2-pn)], [Fe(5-methyl-2-hexanone)2

(1,3-pn)], [Fe(5-methyl-2-hexanone)2(o-fen)], [Fe(2,4,5-trimethoxy-acetophenone-SC)2], [Fe(2,4,5-trimethoxy-acetophenone-TSC)2], [Fe(5-methyl-2-hexanone-SC)2], [Fe(5-methyl-2- hexanone-TSC)2], [Fe(Me-Pr-Glyox)3(BOH)2], [Fe(Me-Pr-Glyox)3(BOMe)2], [Fe(Me-i-Bu- Glyox)3(BOH)2], [Fe(Me-i-Bu-Glyox)3(BOMe)2], [Fe(Me-i-Bu-Glyox)3(BO-n-propyl)2] (en = ethylenedianine, pn = propylenediamine, fen = phenylenediamine, SC = semicarbazone, TSC

= thiosemicarbazone), by reacting iron(II)-chloride with different glyoximes, Schiff-bases, semi- or thiosemicarbazones in suitable solvent. The Schiff-bases were obtained with the condensation of 5-methyl-2-hexanone, with diamines. The semi- or thiosemicarbazones were prepared by the condensation of 2,4,5-trimethoxy-acetophenone or 5-methyl-2-hexanone with semicarbazide or thiosemicarbazide. We analyzed their physicochemical properties using mass spectrometry, infrared-, NMR-, UV–VIS-, Mössbauer-spectroscopy, powder-XRD and thermal analysis (TG, DTG and DTA). The biological activity of complexes, especially their antibacterial activity was also explored.

The importance of this class of compounds is gained in biochemistry, since some of them act as antibacterial agents and potential anticancer drugs. Furthermore, some members can play role as catalysts in organic chemistry transformations [1–2].

Bevezető

Az azometinek közül első ízben az -dioximok Fe(II)-reakcióját Csugaev jelezte a XX.

század első éveiben. A vasnak jelentős szerepe van az O2 különböző szövetekhez való szállításánál (hemoglobin), a sejtekben végbemenő oxidatív folyamatokban, valamint a különböző baktériumok és algák által termelt nitrogén megkötésében.

A Schiff-bázisok széles körben elterjedtek, többekközt a festékiparban is használatosak fonalszínezékként. Tudjuk róluk, hogy biológiailag aktívak: antibakteriális, antivirális, és gyulladáscsökkentő hatással is rendelkeznek. Egyes ferrocén-származékok rosszindulatú daganatok ellen hatásosak (egereken próbált) [3].

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A [M(dioximát)3(BOR)2] típusú komplexeket Schrauzer fedezte fel [4], aki feljegyezte, hogy a klasszikus [Ni(Me2GlioxH)2] komplex könnyen reagál BF3-dal és alkil-boránokkal éteres közegben. Voloshin és munkatársai állítottak elő egy sor [Fe(dioximát)3(BOR)2] típusú komplexet, és jellemezték különböző fizikai-kémiai módszerekkel. Átmenetifémet tartalmazó klatrokelátok HIV fertőzések esetén használatosak.

Kísérleti rész

Felhasznált anyagok: FeSO4·7 H2O, 1,4-dibróm-2,3-butándion, 4-benzil-2-HO-propiofenon, 5-metil-2-hexanon, 2,4,5-trimetoxi-acetofenon, 2,3-hexándion, hidroxilamin-klórhidrát, etil- nitrit, etilén-diamin, 1,2-propilén-diamin, 1,3-propilén-diamin, o-fenilén-diamin, bórsav, bórax, 3-hidroxi-anilin, 2-amino-pirimidin, Et–OH, Me–OH, n-propil–OH.

Eljárás: - [Fe(1,4-dibróm-2,3-bután-GlioxH)2(amin)2] és [Fe(4-benzil-2-HO-propiofenon- GlioxH)2] típusú komplexek előállítása

Először előállítjuk az 1,4-dibróm-2,3-bután-GlioxH2-ot 1,4-dibróm-2,3-butándionból hidroxilaminnal kondenzálva, Na-acetát jelenlétében, etil-alkoholos, vizes közegben, majd a kapott oldatot FeSO4 vizes oldatával reagáltatjuk. A 4-benzil-2-HO-propiofenon-GlioxH2-ot 4-benzil-2-HO-propiofenonból kiindulva állítjuk elő etil-nitrittel való izonitrozálással (kis mennyiségű sósav jelenlétében gáz alakú etil-nitritet buborékoltatunk a folyékony ketonba) a megfelelő monoximot, majd hidroxilamin-klórhidráttal kondenzálva a karbonil-csoportot, Na- acetát jelenlétében, alakul ki a glioxim. Az oldatot hasonlóan FeSO4 vizes oldatával reagáltatjuk. Mindkét esetben a kapott vas-glioxim oldatokat a mólaránynak megfelelően, különböző aminokkal reagáltatjuk, vízfürdőn melegítve 1 – 2 órán keresztül. A keletkezett termékeket lehűtjük, vákuum alatt szűrjük, víz-alkohol (1:1) eleggyel mossuk, és levegőn szárítjuk.

- [Fe(5-metil-2-hexanon)2(A)], A:en, 1,2-pn, 1,3-pn, o-fen, típusú komplexek előállítása

A Schiff-bázisokat 5-metil-2-hexanonból kiindulva, etil-alkoholban oldva, állítjuk elő, a megfelelő diamin (en, 1,2-pn, 1,3-pn, o-fen) etil-alkoholos oldatának elegyítésével és keverésével enyhe melegítéssel (mólarány 2:1). A keletkezett Schiff-bázis oldatát használjuk, amit Fe2SO4 vizes oldatával elegyítünk (mólarány 1:1), hozzáadunk egy késhegyni C-vitamint (aszkorbinsavat) a vas(II) oxidációjának elkerüléséért, majd 1 – 2 órán keresztül forraljuk inert atmoszférában (CO2). A keletkezett terméket lehűtjük, vákuum alatt szűrjük, víz-alkohol (1:1) eleggyel, majd dietil-éterrel mossuk, és levegőn szárítjuk.

- [Fe(2,4,5-trimetoxi-acetofenon-SC)2], [Fe(2,4,5-trimetoxi-acetofenon-TSC)2], [Fe(5-metil-2- hexanon-SC)2], [Fe(5-metil-2-hexanon-TSC)2] komplexek előállítása

A 2,4,5-trimetoxi-acetofenon, illetve az 5-metil-2-hexanon etil-alkoholos oldatát szemikarbazid-klórhidrát etil-alkoholos oldatával reagáltatjuk, melybe még nátrium-acetát vizes oldatot teszünk, a mólaránynak megfelelően, a sósav semlegesítése érdekében. Az elegyet 2 – 3 órán keresztül keverjük, és melegítjük 60 – 70 °C körül. A kapott szemikarbazon oldatokat elegyítjük Fe2SO4 vizes oldatával (mólarány 2:1), hozzáadunk egy késhegyni C- vitamint (aszkorbinsavat) a vas(II) oxidációjának elkerüléséért, majd 1 – 2 órán keresztül forraljuk inert atmoszférában (CO2). A keletkezett terméket lehűtjük, vákuum alatt szűrjük, víz-alkohol (1:1) eleggyel, majd dietil-éterrel mossuk, és levegőn szárítjuk. A tioszemikarbazonok előállításánál hasonlóan járunk el, azzal a különbséggel, hogy nem szükséges a Na-acetát hozzáadása a tioszemikarbazid oldatához, mert nem sósavas só formájában van jelen.

- [Fe(Me-Pr-Gliox)3(BOR)2], [Fe(Me-i-Bu-Gliox)3(BOR)2], R = H, Me, n-propil, típusú komplexek előállítása

Ábra

Figure 1. The structure of the investigated compounds  Materials and methods
Figure 5. The linear dependence between the intensity of absorption of the hybrid plasmon and  the increasing PAS concentration
Figure 1. Chromatogram of caraway essential oil  Table 1. Constituents of the caraway essential oil
Figure 1. Generated photocurrent in the absence and in the presence of herbicide.
+7

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In the third media group – the Latvian printed press - the most (26) cases of possible hidden Advertising were identified in the newspaper “Rigas Balss” (The Voice

thematized by the film.22 Little Otik, a tale o f ‘a tree-root brought to life by maternal desire and paternal woodwork’,23 offers a sinister reading of the myth of monstrous

The decision on which direction to take lies entirely on the researcher, though it may be strongly influenced by the other components of the research project, such as the

In the first piacé, nőt regression bút too much civilization was the major cause of Jefferson’s worries about America, and, in the second, it alsó accounted