Playground:
– – –
–
–
area: 3300 m 2
surface cover: mainly light-coloured gravel
deciduous trees mainly at the boundaries of
the area
the largest part is exposed to the direct sunlight
several toys, jungle gyms and swings
International Conference ‘Air and Water Components of the Environment’, 22 nd – 23 , March, 2013, Cluj-Napoca, Romania rd
The publication/presentation is supported by the European Union and co-funded by the European Social Fund. Project title: “Broadening the knowledge base and supporting the long term professional sustainability of the Research University Centre of Excellence at the University of Szeged by ensuring the rising generation of excellent scientists.” Project number: TÁMOP-4.2.2/B-10/1-2010-0012
Introduction
Study area Methods
In urban environment climate parameters are modified compared to the natural areas and they have various effects on human organism. Urban bioclimatology examines the physiological impacts of these parameters on the human health and the thermal comfort requirements. In the last years there were several urban bioclimate research projects to evaluate the thermal comfort conditions of different design public areas, e.g. streets, squares and parks.
It is not sufficient to create spaces only according to architecture facets. Urban planners and architects need to design also comfortable and enjoyable micro-scale climate conditions in the urban environment taking into account the health and well-being of the citizens. Microclimate aspects substantially determine also the subjective thermal reactions and the judgments of visitors.
However, human comfort aspects usually are not considered in the urban planning processes in several countries (e.g. in Hungary). This gap can be filled by means of micro-scale numerical models in the planning phases or before the construction starts by providing an opportunity to reveal the different thermal conditions within the public areas.
This poster analyzes the changes of the simulated microclimate conditions between two seasons and times with aid of an urban micro-scale model ENVI-met
. The resulting human reactions of the visitors according to their momentary spatial patterns and their subjective evaluation of the area design were also revealed.
in a popular and well-attended playground of Szeged, Hungary
egerhazi@geo.u-szeged.hu – kovacsattila@geo.u-szeged.hu egerhazi@geo.u-szeged.hu – kovacsattila@geo.u-szeged.hu
Examination of the simulated thermal conditions in a popular playground related to the human reactions and the judgment of the area design
Examination of the simulated thermal conditions in a popular playground related to the human reactions and the judgment of the area design
Department of Climatology and Landscape Ecology, University of Szeged, Hungary Department of Climatology and Landscape Ecology, University of Szeged, Hungary
Lilla Andrea Égerházi – Attila Kovács – Noémi Kántor – János Unger Lilla Andrea Égerházi – Attila Kovács – Noémi Kántor – János Unger
Results
Conclusion
Spatial distribution of the thermal conditions and the momentary attendance
Subjective evaluation of the visitors related to the design of the playground
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Autumn Summer
very pleasant (3) pleasant (2)
slightly pleasant (1) neutral (0)
slightly unpleasant (-1) unpleasant (-2)
very unpleasant (-3)
0 20 40
others change location of
benches increase number of
benches change land cover construct fountain construct shade
structures plant trees
% Summer Autumn
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Summer Autumn
toys
(diversity, quality) fenced/safe
others equipment/
cleanliness none shaded large area playhouse
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Summer Autumn
none
absence of shade others
land cover toys
water/pool
a b
1. Thermal stress maps – Spatial pattern of microclimate conditions
expressed by bioclimatological index PET [°C] – P hysiologically Equivalent Temperature
2. Onsite questionnaire survey Evaluation of the area design –
– – –
satisfaction
judgments
modification requirements with the area
positive or negative possible
– thermal comfort simulation by
–
– the initial meteorological data (at 12 a.m. CET) were obtained from the meteorological station of the
of Szeged
– were illustrated which can
express their to the actual thermal conditions urban microclimate model
a typical hot summer and temperate autumn day:
at and
ENVI-met 3 October 2011, rd
12 July 2011 th 11 a.m. 4 p.m.
in 1.5 × 1.5 m grid network and the reference height of 1.1 m
Hungarian Meteorological Service momentary spatial patterns of visitors
behavioral reactions
PHYSIOLOGICAL STRESS LEVEL
THERMAL SENSATION
PET (°C)
very cold very cold extreme extreme
cold cold
strong strong
cool cool
moderate
moderate slight slight no stress
no stress
slight slight
warm warm
moderate moderate
hot hot
strong
strong extreme extreme slightly
cool slightly
cool
neutral comfortable
neutral comfortable
slightly warm slightly
warm
very hot very
hot
coldstress
coldstress heatstress heatstress
4
4 8 8 13 13 18 18 23 23 29 29 35 35 41 41
Szeged, Hungary: 46°N, 20°E, 82 m a.s.l.
Modern children playground
T is za Budapest Ti sz
a
D u n a
Szeged
a a
b b
c
c 0 1 2 3 km
road cirkle dike
industrial area
historical city core 3-5 storey buildings 5-10 storey apartment buildings 1-2 storey detached houses agricultural rural area
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N d
d 0 10 20 30 40 m
soil concrete
gravel
trees building benches jungle gym children’s send pit
pavement road
bushes
#
study area
-8 4 8 13 18 23 29 35 41 54 PET [°C]
Geographical location of Hungary (a) and Szeged (b), detailed map of Szeged (c), the layout of the investigated playground (d) and some photographs of the area
Map of the area in ENVI-met Categories of the PET values for different grades of thermal sensation and physiological stress
Heat stress map (PET) and spatial distribution of visitors (black markers) at 11 a.m. (a) and 4 p.m. (b), 12 July 2011 th Heat stress map (PET) and spatial distribution of visitors (black markers) at 11 a.m. (a) and 4 p.m. (b), 3 October 2011 rd
Preferences (a) and deficiencies (b) according to the judgments of the respondents (a person could mention more than one assessment)
The modification demands of the respondents (a person could mark more factors)
Percentage distribution of the general satisfaction with the area
12 July 2011 11 a.m. th
35
41
2 9
2 3
a
12 July 2011 4 p.m. th
0 10 20 30 40 50 m
3 5
41 18
2 3
b
18
8
18 23
3 October 2011 4 p.m. rd
0 10 20 30 40 50 m
b
3 October 2011 11 a.m. rd
35
30
13
a
Degree of the modification requirements related to the design of the area
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Autumn Summer
significant slight none
According to the simulated thermal conditions, remarkable differences were found between the seasons and times depending on the position of the sun and the resulting shady conditions of the vegetation and buildings. Besides the direct sunlight, the radiation of the heated surfaces could greatly contribute to the development of the thermal stress conditions . As regards the spatial distribution of the visitors, it seems to be highly influenced by the patterns of the thermal conditions. Most people preferred the comfortable spaces protecting themselves from the direct solar radiation. However, the location and the preference of the playground toys also have significant impact on the spatial pattern in both seasons which increases the probability of exposure to thermal stress conditions.
In order to decrease the unpleasant effects of heat load artifical and temporary shade structures and vegetation should be placed especially in the middle of the playground which is often exposed to the direct sunlight. These necessary modifications are clearly reflected in the demands of the visitors according to the onsite questionnaire survey. Vast majority of the respondents was satisfied with the design and would not change anything in the area. As a negative factor, however, small amount of shade was stressed out by several people and the most frequently marked modification demands reflect that people would prefer shady conditions, i.e. plant trees and construct shade structures.
especially in the afternoon
16 1616 1616 1616 1616 1616 1616 1616 17 1717 1717 1717 17
16 1616 1616 1616 1616 1616 1616 1616 17 1717 1717 1717
16 1616 1616 1616 1616 1616 1616 1616 17 1717 1717 1717
1616 1616 1616 16 17 1717 1717 1717 F3 F3F3 F3F3
1616 1616 1616 16 17 1717 1717 1717 F3 F3F3 F3F3
1616 1616 1616 16 17 1717 1717 1717 F3F3 F3F3 F3F3 F3
1616 1616 1616 16 17 1717 1717 1717 17 17 F3F3 F3F3 F3F3 F3
1616 1616 1616 16 17 1717 1717 1717 17 17 F3 F3F3 F3F3 F3
1616 1616 1616 16 17 1717 1717 1717 F3 F3F3 F3F3
1616 1616 1616 16 17 1717 1717 1717 F3 F3F3 F3
1616 1616 1616 16 17 1717 1717 1717 F3 F3F3 F3
1616 1616 1616 16 1717 1717 1717 1717 F4F4 F3
1616 1616 1616 16 1717 1717 1717 1717 F4 F4F4 F4
1616 1616 1616 16 1717 1717 1717 1717 F4F4 F4F4 F4F4
1616 1616 1616 16 1717 1717 1717 1717 F4F4 F4F4 F4F4
1616 1616 1616 16 1717 1717 1717 1717 F4 F4F4 F4F4
1616 1616 1616 16 1717 1717 1717 1717 17 17 F3 F4F4 F4
1616 1616 1616 16 1717 1717 1717 1717 F3 F3F3 F3
1616 1616 1616 16 1717 1717 1717 17 F3 F3F3 F3
1616 1616 1616 16 1717 1717 1717 17 F3 F3F3 F3 3232 3232 32
1616 1616 1616 16 1717 1717 1717 17 F3F3 F3F3 F3 3232 3232 32 3232 3232 3232 3232 3232
1616 1616 1616 16 1717 1717 1717 17 F3F3 F3F3 F3 3232 3232 32 3232 3232 3232 3232 3232
1616 1616 1616 16 1717 1717 1717 17 F3 F3F3 F3F3 F3F3 3232 3232 32 3232 3232 3232 3232 3232
1616 1616 1616 16 1717 1717 1717 17 F3 F3F3 F3F3 F3F3 3232 3232 32 3232 3232 3232 3232 3232
1616 1616 1616 16 1717 1717 1717 17 F3 F3F3 F3F3 F3F3 3232 3232 32 3232 3232 3232 3232 3232
1616 1616 1616 16 1717 1717 1717 17 F3 F3F3 F3F3 F3F3 3232 3232 32 3232 3232 3232 3232 3232
1717 1717 1717 17 F3F3 F3F3 F3 3232 3232 32 3232 3232 3232 3232 3232
17 1717 1717 1717 17 F2F2 F2F2 F2 3232
17 1717 1717 1717 17 F3F3 F3F3
17 1717 1717 1717 1717 17 F3 F3F3 F3F3 F3
17 1717 1717 1717 17 17 F3 F3F3 F3F3 F3
17 1717 1717 1717 17 F3 F3F3 F3F3 F3
17 1717 1717 1717 17 F3F3 F3F3 F3F3 F3F3
17 1717 1717 1717 17 F3F3 F3F3 F3F3 F3F3
F4F4 F4 17 1717 1717 1717 F3F3 F3F3 F3F3 F3F3
F3F3 F3F3 F3F3 F3 F3F3 F3F3 F4 F4F4 F4F4 F3 17 1717 1717 1717 F3F3 F3F3 F3F3 F3F3
18 1818 1818 1818 F3 F3F3 F3F3 F3F3 F3 F3F3 F3F3 F3F3 F4 F4F4 F4F4 F3F3 F1 17 1717 1717 1717 F3F3 F3F3 F3F3 F3F3
18 1818 1818 1818 1818 1818 1818 1818 1818 1818 1818 1818 B1F3 F3F3 F3F3 F3F3 F3B1 B1 F3F3 F3F3 F3F3 F3 F4 F4F4 F4F4 F3F3 F3F2 17 1717 1717 1717 F3 F3F3 F3F3 F3
18 1818 1818 1818 1818 1818 1818 1818 1818 1818 1818 1818 18 B1 F3 F3F3 F3F3 F3F3 F3 F3 F3F3 F3F3 F3 F4 F4F4 F4F4 F3F3 F3F3 17 1717 1717 1717 F2 F3F3 F3
1818 1818 1818 1818 1818 1818 1818 1818 1818 1818 1818 18 F3F3 F3F3 F3F3 F3F3 F3F3 F3 F3F3 F3F3 F4F4 F3F3 F4F4 F4 17 1717 1717 1717 1717 F6 F2 F2F2 F2F2
1818 1818 1818 1818 1818 1818 1818 1818 1818 1818 1818 18 F4 F3F3 F3F3 F3F3 F3
2
F4F4 F4 17 1717 1717 1717 F6F6 F6 F6F6 F2 F4F4 F2F2
1818 1818 1818 1818 1818 1818 1818 1818 1818 1818 1818 18 F4F4 F4F4 F3 F3F3 F3F3 F3
2222
F4F4 F4 17 1717 1717 1717 F6F6 F6 F6F6 F4F4 F4
1818 1818 1818 1818 1818 1818 1818 1818 1818 1818 1818 18 F4F4 F4F4 F3F3 F3F3 F3
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B1 17 1717 1717 1717 F6F6 F6 F6F6 F6 F4F4 F4
1818 1818 1818 1818 1818 1818 1818 1818 1818 1818 1818 18 F4F4 F4F4 F3F3 F3F3
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B1 17 1717 1717 1717 F6F6 F6 F6F6 F6F4 F4F4 F4
18 1818 F4F4 F4F4 F1
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B1 1717 1717 1717 1717 F6F6 F6 F6F6 F4 F4F4 F4 F3F3
18 1818 F4 F4 F1 F2
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F4F4 F4 F4F4 F1 F2F2
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B1 F4F4 F4F4 F4 F3F3 F3F3 F3F3 F3F3 F3F3 F3
F4 F4F4 F4 F4F4 F4 F2 F2F2
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B1 F4F4 F4F4 F4F4 F3F3 F3F3 F3F3 F3F3 F3F3 F3
F4 F4F4 F4 F4F4 F4 F2 F3F3
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F2F2 F2B1 B1B1 B1B1 F4F4 F4F4 F4F4 F3 F3F3 F3F3 F3F3 F3F3 F3F3 F3
F4 F4F4 F4 F4F4 F4 F2 F2 F2F2 F2 F3 F3F3
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F2 F2F2 F2F2 B1B1 B1B1 F4 F4F4 F4 F3F3 F3F3 F3F3 F3F3 F3 F3F3
F4 F4F4 F4 F4F4 F4 F2F2 F2F2 F2 F3 F3F3
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F2 F2F2 F2F2 F2 F2 F3 F4F4 F3 F3F3 F3F3 F3F3 F3F3
F4 F4F4 F4 F4F4 F3 F3 F3F3 F3F3 F3 F3 F3 F3F3 F3 F2F2 F2F2 F3 F3F3 F3 F3F3 F3F3 F3F3 F3F3
F4 F4F4 F4 F4 F3F3 F3F3 F3F3 F3F3 F3F3 F3F3 F2F3 F3F3 F3 F2 F3 F3F3 F3 F3 F3F3 F3F3 F3F3
F2F3 F3F3 F3F3 F3F3 F3F3 F3F3 F3F3 F2F3 F3F3 F3 F2 F2 F3F3 F3F3 F3 F3F3 F3F3 F3F3 3232 3232 3232 32 3232 3232 3232 32
B1F3 F3F3 F3F3 F3F3 F3F3 F3F3 F3F3 F2F3 F3F3 F3 F2 F2F2 F1 F3F3 F3F3 F3 F3 F3F3 F3F3 F3 3232 3232 3232 32 3232 3232 3232 3232 3232
F3 F3 F3F3 F3F3 F3F3 F3F3 F3F3 F3F3 F2 F2 F2 F1 F1 F3 F3F3 F3 F3F3 F3F3 F3F3 3232 3232 3232 32 3232 3232 3232 3232 3232
F3 F3F3 F3F3 F3F3 F3F3 F3F3 F3F3 F3F3 F3 F2 F2F2 F1 F3F3 F3F3 F3F3 F3F3 3232 3232 3232 32 3232 3232 3232 3232 3232
F3 F3F3 F3F3 F3F3 F3F3 F3F3 F2 F2 F1 F3F3 F3F3 F3F3 F3F3 3232 3232 3232 32 3232 3232 3232 3232 3232
F4F4 F4 F3 F3F3 F3F3 F2 F2F2 F2 F3 F3F3 F3F3 F3F3 3232 3232 3232 32 3232 3232 3232 3232 3232
F4 F4F4 F4F4 F3 F3 F3F3 F3F3 F2F2 F2 F2F2 F3 F3F3 F3F3 F3 3232 3232 3232 32 3232 3232 3232 3232 3232
F4 F4F4 F4F4 F3 F3 F3F3 F3F3 F2F2 F2F2 F2 F2 F3F3 F3F3 F3F3 F3F3 3232 3232 3232 3232 3232
F4F4 F4 F3 F3F3 F3F3 F2F2 F2 F3 F3F3 F3F3 F3F3 F3F3
F3 F3F3 F3 F2F2 F2 F3 F3F3 F3F3 F3F3 F3F3 F3
3131 3131 3131 F4F4 F4 F1F1 F2F2 F2 F3 F3 F3 F3F3 F3F3 F3F3 F3F3 F3
3131 3131 3131 31 3131 3131 3131 3131 3131 F4F4 F4F4 F1 F2F2 F2 F1 F3 F3 F3 F3F3 F3F3 F3F3 F3F3 F3
3131 3131 3131 31 3131 3131 3131 3131 3131 F4F4 F4F4 B1 F3 F3F3 F3F3 F3F3 F3F3
3131 3131 3131 31 3131 3131 3131 3131 3131 F4F4 F4F4 B1 F3 F3F3 F3F3 F3F3 F3
3131 3131 3131 31 3131 3131 3131 3131 3131 F4F4 F4F4 F4 F3 F3F3 F3F3 F3F3 F3 F3F3 F3F3 F3 F3F3 F3F3 F3F3
3131 3131 3131 31 3131 3131 3131 3131 3131 F4 F4F4 F4F4 F4 F1 F3F3 F3F3 F3F3 F3 F3 F3F3 F3F3 F3 F3F3 F3F3 F3F3 F3
31 3131 3131 3131 31 3131 3131 3131 3131 3131 F4 F4F4 F4F4 F4F4 F2 F2 F3F3 F3F3 F3F3 F3 F3F3 F3F3 F3 F3F3 F3F3 F3F3 F3
31 3131 3131 3131 31 3131 3131 3131 3131 3131 F3F3 F4 F4F4 F4F4 F4F4 F2F2 F2 F3F3 F3F3 F3F3 F3F3 F3F3 F3F3 F3 F3F3 F3F3 F3F3 F3
31 3131 3131 3131 31 3131 3131 3131 3131 3131 F3F3 F3 F4 F4F4 F4F4 F4F4 F2F2 F2 F3F3 F3F3 F3 F3 F3F3 F3F3 F3 F3F3 F3F3 F3F3 F3
31 3131 3131 3131 31 3131 3131 3131 3131 3131 F3F3 F3F3 F4 F4F4 F4F4 F4 F2 F2 F3 F3F3 F3 F3F3 F3F3 F3 F3F3 F3F3 F3F3
31 3131 3131 3131 31 3131 3131 3131 3131 3131 F3F3 F3F3 F3 F3F4 F4F4 F3F3 F2F2 F2 F3 F3F3 F3F3
31 3131 3131 3131 3131 3131 F3F3 F3F3 F3F3 F3F4 F4F4 F4F3 F2 F2F2 F2F2 F2
F4F4 F3 F3F3 F3F3 F3F3 F3F4 F4F4 F4F4 F4F3 F2 F2F2
F4 F4F4 F4 F3F3 F3F3 F3 F3F4 F4F4 F4F4 F4F3 F1 F2 F2F2
F4 F4F4 F4 F5F5 F5F5 F4F4 F4F4 F4F4 F4F4 F4 F2F2
F3 F3F3 F4F4 F4 F4 F4F4 F4F4 F4F4 F4F4 F5F5 F5F5 F4F4 F4F4 F4F4 F4F4 F4F4 F3 F2F2
F3 F3F3 F3 F4F4 F4 F4F4 F4F4 F4F4 F4F4 F4F5 F5F5 F5 F4F4 F4F4 F4F4 F4F4 F4F4 B1B1 F4 F4F4 F4F4 F4F4 F4F4 F1 F4 F4F4 F3 F2F2
F3 F3F3 F3 F4F4 F4 F4F4 F4F4 F4F4 F4F4 F4F4 F5F5 F5 F4F4 F4F4 F4F4 F4F4 F4F4 F4 F4 F4F4 F4F4 F4F4 F4F4 F4F4 F4F4 F1F4 F4F4 F1 F3F4 F4F4 F3F3 F2 F2F2 F3F3
F3F3 F3 F4F4 F4 F4F4 F4 F4F4 F4F4 F4F4 F5F5 F4 F4 F4F4 F4F4 F4 F4 F4 F4F4 F4F4 F4F4 F4F4 F4F4 F4F4 F4F4 F4F4 F4F3 F3F4 F4F4 F3F3 F2F2 F3 F3F3 F3F3
F4F4 F4 F4F4 F4 F4F4 F4F4 F5F4 F4 F4F4 F4 F4 F4 F4F4 F4F4 F4F4 F4F4 F4F4 F4F4 F4F4 F4F4 F4F3 F3F3 F4F3 F3F3 F3 F3 F3F3 F3F3
F4 F4 F4 F4F4 F4 F4F4 F4 F4F4 F4 F4F4 F4F4 F4F4 F4F4 F4F4 F4F4 F4F3 F3F3 F3 F3 F3F3 F3 F3F3 F3F3
F2 F3F3 F4F4 F4 F4 F4 F4F4 F3 F3F3 F3 F3 F3F3 F3 F3F3 F3F3
F2 F2F2 F3 F3F3 F3 F3 F3 F3F3 F3F3 F3 F3 F3F3 F3F3
F2 F2F2 F3 F3F3 F3 F2F2 F3F3 F3F3 F3 F3F3 F3F3 F3 F3F3 F2 F2F2 F2 3232 3232 3232 3232 32
F2 F2 F3 F3F3 F3 F2F3 F3F3 F3F3 F3F3 F3 F3F3 F3F3 F3 F3F3 F3 F2 F2F2 F2 3232 3232 3232 3232 32 3232 3232 3232 3232 3232
F3F3 F3F3 F3F3 F3 F3F3 F3F3 F3 F3F3 F3F3 F3 F3F3 F3 F3F3 F2 F2F2 F2 3232 3232 3232 3232 32 3232 3232 3232 3232 3232
F3 F3F3 F3F3 F3F3 F3 F3F3 F3F3 F3 F3F3 F3F3 F3F3 3232 3232 3232 3232 32 3232 3232 3232 3232 3232
F3 F3F3 F3F3 F3F3 F3 F3F3 F3F3 F3 F3F3 F3 F3F3 3232 3232 3232 3232 32 3232 3232 3232 3232 3232
F3F3 F3F3 F3 F3F3 F3F3 F3F3 F3 F3 F3F3 F3F3 3232 3232 3232 3232 32 3232 3232 3232 3232 3232
F3F3 F3F3 F3 F3F3 F3F3 F3 F3 F3F3 F3 F3F3 F3F3 32 3232 3232 3232 3232 32 3232 3232 3232 3232 3232
F3 F3F3 F3F3 F3F3 31 3131 3131 3131 F3F3 F3F3 3232 3232 3232 32 3232 3232 3232 3232 3232
F3F3 F3F3 F3F3 F3F3 31 3131 3131 3131 3131 3131 3131 3131 3131 F3 F3 3232
F3 F3F3 F3F3 F3F3 31 3131 3131 3131 3131 3131 3131 3131 3131
F3F3 F3F3 F3F3 F3 F3 3131 3131 3131 3131 3131 3131 3131 3131 3131 F3 F3F3 F3
F3 F3F3 F3F3 F3F3 3131 3131 3131 3131 3131 3131 3131 3131 3131 F3F3 F3F3 F3 F3F3 F3F3 F3
F3F3 F3F3 3131 3131 3131 3131 3131 3131 3131 3131 3131 F3 F3F3 F3F3 F3F3 F3F3 F3F3 F3
F3F3 F3F3 F2 F2 3131 3131 3131 3131 3131 3131 3131 3131 3131 F3 F3F3 F3F3 F3F3 F3F3 F3F3 F3F3
F3 F3 F2F2 F2 3131 3131 3131 3131 3131 3131 3131 3131 3131 F3F3 F3F3 F3F3 F3F3 F3F3 F3F3
32 F2F2 F2 3131 3131 3131 3131 3131 3131 3131 3131 3131 F3F3 F3F3 F3F3 F3
32 3232 F2 3131 3131 3131 3131 3131 3131 3131 3131 3131 F3 F3 F3F3 F3F3 F3F3 F3F3 F3F3
32 3232 32 3131 3131 3131 3131 3131 3131 3131 3131 3131 F3 F3 F3F3 F3 F3F3 F3F3 F3F3 F3F3 F3
32 3232 3131 3131 3131 3131 3131 F3F3 F3 F3F3 F3 F3F3 F3F3 F3F3 F3F3 F3F3
32 3232 32 F3F3 F3 F3F3 F3 F3F3 F3F3 F3F3 F3F3 F3
32 3232 3232 F3 F3 F3F3 F3 F3F3 F3F3 F3F3 F3F3 F3
32 3232 3232 32 F3 F3F3 F3F3 F3F3 F3F3
32 3232 3232 3232 32 F3 F3F3 F3
32 3232 3232 3232 3232 3232
32 3232 3232 3232 3232 3232 32
32 3232 3232 3232 3232 3232 32
3232 3232 3232 3232 3232 32
32 3232 3232 3232 3232 3232 32
32 3232 3232 3232 3232 3232 F4F4 F4F4 F4
3232 3232 3232 3232 3232 32 F4F4 F4F4 F4F4
32 3232 3232 3232 3232 F4F4 F4F4 F4F4
3232 3232 3232 3232 32 32 F4F4 F4F4 F4F4
32 3232 3232 32 3232 3232 F4F4 F4F4 F4
32 3232 32 3232 3232 32 F3 F4F4 F3 3232
32 3232 3232 3232 3232 32 F3 F3F3 3232 3232 3232 3232 3232 32 3232 3232 3232
32 3232 3232 3232 3232 3232 F3F3 3232 3232 3232 3232 3232 32 3232 3232 3232 3232 3232
3232 3232 3232 3232 3232 32 3232 3232 3232 3232 3232 32 3232 3232 3232 3232 3232
32 3232 3232 3232 3232 F3 F3F3 3232 3232 3232 3232 3232 32 3232 3232 3232 3232 3232
32 3232 3232 3232 3232 32 F3F3 F3F3 3232 3232 3232 3232 3232 32 3232 3232 3232 3232 3232
3232 3232 3232 3232 32 32 F3F3 F3F3 3232 3232 3232 3232 3232 32 3232 3232 3232 3232 3232
32 3232 3232 3232 32 3232 F3 F3F3 3232 3232 3232 3232 3232 32 3232 3232 3232 3232 3232
3232 3232 3232 32 3232 32 32 3232 3232 3232 3232 3232
32 3232 3232 32 3232 3232
3232 3232 32 3232 3232 3232
32 3232 32 3232 3232 3232 32
3232 32 3232 3232 3232 32
32 32 3232 3232 3232 32
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