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Effect of Iodine on Platinum-Catalyzed Combustion of Nuclear Power Residual Hydrogen in Plants

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Effect of Iodine on Platinum-Catalyzed Combustion of

Nuclear Power

Residual Hydrogen in Plants

491

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lstv5n PAr-rr.rr6, Ferenc NorHErsz and Mihaly Bnnror

Department of Organic Chemistry, Jbzsef Attila University, Szeged, Dom t1r 8. Hungary. H-6720

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I n t h e s e c o n d a r y c y c l e o f a n u c l e a r p o w e r p 1 a n t , h y d r o g e n l s p r o d u c e d . I t s

; o n c e n t r a t i o n i s 1 o w , a b o u t 2 % t n a t r , b u t n e v e r t h e l e s s i t m u s t b e e l i m i n a t e d b e - c a u s e o f t h e d a n g e r o f e x p l - o s i o n . T v u o m a i n m e t h o d s a r e c u r r e n t l y u s e d f o r t h i s p r o c e s s : ( r ) i t s c a t a l y t i c c o m b u s t i o n , o r ( i i ) i t s b u r n i n g i n f l a m e . I n t h e f o r - ' n e r p r o c e s s , a P t l A l r 0 . c a t a l y s t i s a p p l i e d . D u r i n g t h e o p e r a t i o n o f t h e p 1 a n t , s e v e r a f e l e m e n t s a n d 6 o f i p o u n d s a r e f o r m e d , a . g . i o d i n e , w h i c h m a y b e h a v e a s c a t a - l y s t p o i s o n s . I n t h i s p a p e r r , r e re p o r t o n r e s u l t s c o n c e r n i n g t h e p o i s o n i n g e f f e c t , r f i o d i n e o n t h e t r a n s f o r m a t i o n o f h y d r o g e n i n a i r o v e r a P t / A I r 0 , c a t a l y s t .

T h e r e a c t i o n c o n d i t i - o n s d o n o t e x a c t l y m i m i c t h e r e a l s i t u a t i o n i n t h e p l a n t , e s t h e i o d i n e c o n c e n t r a t i o n i n t h i s w o r k i s m u c h h l g h e r t h a n c a n b e e x p e c t e d i n t h e p l a n t a n d t h e P t l A l r O . . i s n o t t h e i n d u s t r i a l c a t a l y s t ( i t w a s m a d e i n o u r l a b o r a t o r y ) ; n o n e t h e l e s s , ' i t s e e m e d w o r t h r v h i l e t o c a r r y o u t t h e i n v e s t i g a t i - o n b e -

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A 2 . 5 % h y d r o g e n - i n - a i r m i x t u r e w a s p r e p a r e d b y m i x i n g H , a n d N " w i t h 0 , i n a ' : a l i b r a t e d r o t a m e t e r . T h i s m i x t u r e w a s p a s s e d t h r o u g h a f l o w r e S c t o r e Q u i p p e d

, r i t h a c o l d t r a p a f t e r t h e r e a c t o r a n d w i t h a s a m p l i n g d e v i c e . T h e r e a c t i o n w a s r u n o v e r a 0 . 4 3 % P t / A l r 0 . c a t a l y s t , p r e p a r e d b y i m p r e g n a t i o n . T h e s a m p l e s w e r e a n a l y z e d b y g a s c h r o m a t o $ r 5 p h y . T h e s i g n a l o f h y d r o g e n t 4 / a s m o n i t o r e d .

T h e p o i s o n i n g e x p e r i m e n t s w e r e p e r f o r m e d w i t h I r . I o d i n e w a s p l a c e d i n a s a t u - r a t o r a n d i t s v a p o r w a s w a s h e d b y t h e g a s s t r e a m 6 n t o t h e c a t a l y s t . T h e i o d i n e

; t r e a m c o r r e s p o n d e d a p p r o x L m a t e l y t o a 1 5 P a g a s f l o w . E x p e r i m e n t s w i t h o u t p o i - s o n r { e r e p e r f o r m e d i n t h e t e m p e r a t u r e r a n g e 3 2 J - 7 2 3 K , a n d t h e p o i s o n i n g m e a s u r e - r n e n t s a t 5 2 J - l 2 J K .

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T h e a c t i v i t y o f t h e c a t a l y s t b , a s a p p r e c i a b l e ( c o n v e r s i o n : B l % ) e v e n a t 3 2 3 K . T h r s a c t i - v i t y j " n c r e a s e d with elevation of temperature, but full conversion re- ' l u i r e d 1 2 3 K . I t r v a s s u r p r i s i n g t h o u g h t h a t t h e t e m p e r a t u r e r a n g e 4 2 3 - 1 2 i K c o m - m o n l y a p p l r e d i n t h e p l a n t i s n o t e n o u g h f o r t h e c o m p l e t e r e m o v a l o f r e s i d u a l h y - ' l r o g e n . T h i s s o r t o f s e l f - p o i s o n i n g i s q u i - t e p r o b a b l y d u e t o t h e b l o c k i n g e f f e c t , r f a d s o r b e d u l a t e r . l v h i c h d e s o r b s c o m p l e t e l v o n l v a t l Z J K .

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T r e a t m e n t w i t h i o d i n e e x e f t e d a d r a m a t i c e f f e c t o n t h e c a t a l y s t . A s h o r t ( f m i n ) t r e a t m e n t u n d e r a n i o d i n e s t r e a m c a u s e d c o m p l e t e d e a c t i v a t i o n a t b o t h 5 2 1 K a n d 6 2 3 K . S w i - t c h i n g o f f t h e i o d i n e s t r e a m a n d p u r g i n g t h e c a t a l y s t v ' r i t h t h e r e - a c t a n t s f o r s o m e t i m e r e s u l t e d i n p a r t i a l r e a c t i - v a t i o n o f t h e c a t a l y s t ( 5 2 3 K : a J - h o u r p u r g e , 2 6 % a c t i v i t y r e g a i n ; r a i s i n g t h e t e m p e r a t u r e t o 6 2 3 K : a l - h o u r p u r g e restores 9J% of the original activity observed at this temperature). The c o m p l e t e l y p o i s o n e d c a t a l y s t a t 6 2 3 K c o u l d b e p a r t i a l l y r e v i t a l r z e d a t 1 2 1 K a n d o n s w i t c h i n g b a c k t h e i o d i n e s t r e a m o n l y p a r t i a l d e a c t i v a t i o n o c c u r r e d ( 5 5 % a c t i v i t y l o s s a f t e r l 0 m i n o n s t r e a m ) . A t t h i s t e m p e r a t u r e B l % o f t h e o r i g i n a l a c t i v i t y w a s r e s t o r e d b y o n l y a 1 0 - m i n p u f g e w i t h t h e p u r e r e a c t a n t s . T h e e x p e r i - m e n t a l - r e s u l t s a r e s u m m a r i z e d i n T a b l e s I a n d 2 .

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T h e a b o v e s e t - u p a n d r e s u l t s , i n s p i t e o f t h e d i f f e r e n c e s f r o m t h e r e a l c o n d i - t i o n s , i n d i c a t e t h e f o l l o w i n g f i n d i n g s : ( i ) i n t h e o p e r a t i n g r a n g e o f t h e p l a n t , s e l f - p o i s o n i n g o f t h e c a t a l y s t o c c u r s , ( i i ) i - o d i n e p o i s o n i n g i s d e t r i m e n t a l t o t h e c a t a l y s t ( t h e d e s c r i b e d s e t - u p c a n b e r e g a r d e d a s a n a c c e l e r a t e d p o i s o n i n g p r o c e d u r e ) . U p o n e x p o s u r e t o a 1 0 - * P a i o d i n e r ' 1 o w , 0 . 1 7 s u r f a c e i o d i n e c o v e r a g e d e v e l o p s o v e r P t ( i 1 1 ) u n d e r U H V c o n d i t i o n s ( l ) . C o n s e q u e n t l y , t h e c a t a l y t i c c o m - b u s t i o n o f r e s i d u a l h y d r o g e n c a n b e s a f e l y a p p l i e d i n n u c l e a r p o w e r p l a n t s o n J - y u n d e r r i g o r o u s c h e c k i n g c o n d i t i o n s .

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( 1 ) J o y n e r , R . W . , a n d P e n d r y , J . 8 . , C a t a l . L e t . 1 , 1 ( 1 9 8 8 ) ; C a d d o c k , P . 0 . , J o y n e r , R . W . , a n d W i l l i a m s , P . 8 . , C a t a l . L e t . 2 , 2 1 ( 1 9 8 9 ) .

Q ) X . - 1 . Z h o u , a n d W h i t e J . M . , J . P h y s . C h e m . 9 4 , 2 6 4 t ( 1 9 9 0 ) ; L i u , Z . - V . , A k h t e r , S . , R o o p , 8 . , a n d W h i t e , J . M . , J . A m . C h e m . S o c . 1 1 0 , B 7 0 B ( i 9 B B ) . ( l ) S t i c k n e y , J . L . , R o s a s c o , S . D . , S o n g , D . , S o r i a g a , M . P . , a n d H u b b a r d , A . T . ,

S u r f . S c i . l J O , 3 ? 6 ( f 9 8 l ) . t e m p . ( K ) c o n v e r s i o n ( % )

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d Material and Solution Structure Research Group, Institute of Chemistry, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary.. e Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry,

1 MTA-SZTE Lendület Biocolloids Research Group, Department of Physical Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary.. 2

3 Department of Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.. 4 University of Chemistry

b Department of Physical Chemistry and Material Science, University of Szeged, 1 Rerrich Béla tér, H–6720 Szeged, Hungary.. c Department of Chemistry, Babes-Bolyai University,

University of Szeged, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, H-6720 Szeged, Dóm tér 7, Hungary.

University of Szeged, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, H-6720 Szeged, Dóm tér 7, Hungary.

University of Szeged, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, H-6720 Szeged, Dóm tér 7, Hungary.

University of Szeged, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, H-6720 Szeged, Dóm tér 7, Hungary.