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C ØKÖ45r58BpØN3FS>ØN5PPV(u) d
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ê Q"Ö45&?K5×;=?N5N · PPV(u, v) d
C ØNÖ451dÝ4SfÜ¿58?¶;2×ëE14<258?NÙE?N3F1OØKB:;2×
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C ÖE>2BRÜ43F14;2Sr3¾>@7UPU3¾B^ØK?N3FÜ4ÝUØK36;=1ï(3{ØKÖÙE>2?K>2Sr5ØN58?KBN
>@1¿PPPV(u, v)
ê Q"Ö4581ðM'Ö458?N1E; (ßBÅ3F1458îOÝE>27636Ø^L½Ld3F5&7¾P4B0ØNÖ45k×;27F7F;ï(3614<Ü;2Ý41EPÈ;21ÈØNÖE5k58?N?K;2?;@×#;Ú25&?Næt58BpØN3FSr>@ØN3F14<
PPV(u, v)
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≤ e − N · PPV(u,v) · δ 2 /4 .
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u, v, w
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ýù-ýzøAø rõóô4ýó4PPV(u, v) > PPV(u, w)
J
ôEõùÈóôEõÿ Nû Aý &÷i÷óþ-û^üÀ÷ù¿ótõNúAô4ý@ù 2÷ù
v
ýùIw
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, δ > 0 N 0 N ≥ N 0
ù DAõ û^ü ù =õÿ÷ù¿ó§ø
3
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u, v, w
øEúAô óôEýóPPV(u, v) − PPV(u, w) > δ
3 óô4õº÷ùwõ Eý{÷ósþPr{ PPV(u, v) d < PPV(u, w)} d <
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Nûgû^ü
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u
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Z = 1
C 36×aØNÖE5rëE14<258?NÙE?N3F1OØÅ581EP4BÀ3F1v
CZ = −1
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w
C >21EPZ = 0
;2ØNÖ458?Nï(3¾BN5ê
Q"ÖE5&1
Z = PPV(u, v) − PPV(u, w) > 0
ê B^ØK36S>@ØN3F14< ØKÖ45PPV
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(Z) = PPV(u, v) + PPV(u, w) − (PPV(u, v) − PPV(u, w)) 2 ≤ PPV(u, v) + PPV(u, w)
Pr{ N 1 P N
i=1 Z i < 0} ≤ e − N (
Z)2
2
(Z)+4/3
Z
≤ e −N 10/3 PPV(u,v)+2/3 PPV(u,w) (PPV(u,v) − PPV(u,w))2
≤ e −0.3N(PPV(u,v)−PPV(u,w)) 2
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ä
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Pr{| PPV(u, v) d − PPV(u, v)| < δ} ≥ 1 −
ã
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δ
I&;2SrÙE>2?N3¾Bp;=1 94;=?>¶ë d5gP> 0, δ > 0
PU58I&3FPU5ØKÖ45I;=SkÙ¿>@?K3FBN;21fÙ4?N;=Ü47F5&S ï(36ØNÖ 58?N?K;2?Ù4?K;2ÜE>2Ü4367F36Ø^L>Ø(Sr;=BpØ C 3{×| PPV(u, v) − PPV(u, w)| > δ
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A → B
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