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Manifestation of Novel Social Challenges of the European Union in the Teaching Material of Medical Biotechnology Master’s Programmes at the University of Pécs and at the University of Debrecen

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(1)

at the University of Pécs and at the University of Debrecen

Identification number: TÁMOP-4.1.2-08/1/A-2009-0011

(2)

ETHICAL ISSUES

Dr. Judit Pongrácz

Three dimensional tissue cultures and tissue engineering – Lecture 27

at the University of Pécs and at the University of Debrecen

Identification number: TÁMOP-4.1.2-08/1/A-2009-0011

(3)

No ethical issues raised

• Autologous cells

• No life threatening conditions

(4)

More ethical questions

• Advanced human tissue engineering therapies may also be used for life-threatening conditions

• Embryonic stem cells

• Xenogeneic cells

(5)

Regulation in Europe

• Best regulated at European level

• European framework laws

• Directives adopted by the European Commission and the European Parliament must be incorporated in national law

(6)

The most relevant documents

• Charter of Fundamental Rights of the EU

• Convention on Biomedicine

(7)

Ruling in 2011

A single cell from an embryo can be considered as a human being.

(8)

USA

• Embryonic stem cells cannot be used

• Only established cell lines can be used in research

• Adult stem cells can be applied in research

(9)

ECONOMIC

SIGNIFICANCE

Dr. Judit Pongrácz

Three dimensional tissue cultures and tissue engineering – Lecture 28

at the University of Pécs and at the University of Debrecen

Identification number: TÁMOP-4.1.2-08/1/A-2009-0011

(10)

Biotechnology

• Medical

• Pharmaceutical

• Agricultural, etc

(11)

Significance in the US

• In 2001, 3,300 scientists and support staff worked in tissue engineering alone

• Over 70 start-up companies

• Investment of 3.5 billion US dollars

(12)

Significance in the EU

• Fast growing

• STILL

• No venture capital in Europe

(13)

Big Pharma

• Refocusing to cell based therapies

• Novel therapeutic approaches just in treatment of diabetic patients alone

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