After the outrage against the Archduke Francis Ferdinand and his wife Sophie Hohenberg the Austrian Hungarian Monarchy proclaimed war against Serbia.
On the 29th of July 1914 the military forces were departing by railway towards Serbia (Balkan front). Early in the morning on this day, the Danube Fleet and the Artillery of Zimony launched the bombing of Belgrade. The Serbian leadership, in fear of a direct attack, blasted the railroad bridge that linked Zimony to Bel- grade. The first front was opened. In the meantime, another front was opened in addition to the Balkans. Behind the scenes, preparations for the Russian mobili- zation were largely in progress. The Tsar Nicholas II of Russia ordered the gen- eral mobilization of the entire Russian army on July 31st, after which their atten- tion turned to Galicia (eastern front). The aim of this study is to reveal the direc- tions, the operating, the operation and the social impacts of direct frontlines and trains leading and running through Hungary and inland as well in these 2 fronts in the first year, so in 1914 of the Great War, which otherwise was not affected by the frontiers, did not become a war theatre These trains transported military troops and resupply to the fronts. The growing transportation to the fronts caused stoppages in the traffic, the civil timetable was inhibited. Because of the quick Russian mobilisation Galicia had to be evacuated by trains, and it had resulted again growing traffic. Simultaneously the trains with causalities came back to Hungary. The civil inhabitants felt the horrid effects of the war: injured people, dead and the coffins. Trains were running from Austria to the eastern front to take resupplies every day. It produced unliveable traffic to the end of the first year.
Kulcsszavak: Nag
Keynotes: Great War, 1914, Railway, Balkan Front, Eastern Front
-
a katonai alakulatok
front) indult meg a .
a
-vonatok ,
ben, 1914-ben.
28- 1 Magyar Mo-
galom egyik szerb tagja 2 Ez az
i
viszonyokat.3
4
- 5
- 6 illetve 31- -
Franciaor
-
burgot, 3- -
-
nar-
7
-
8 -
- -
dott Pest Buda centrikus rendszer kezdett
leszkedett. Az abszolu- -
- 9
1870- moz
az 1878-as berlini kongresszus
a Bosznia- Sza-
badka Zimony
10 Ez volt
, A vasutak, mint a modern
gyezte, hiszen a hadvi-
patfelvo-
nu
sokkal
11 ami a Az vi-
A 12
-re
869 km-t tett ki, 258 km volt rendes, 1611
km/100
- -
13
-ben Map 1.: Hungarian railway network in 1914
-
14
zat katonai
-
- csben, hogy a meghirdetett
-
15
.
16
17
- amely meg-
18
19
-
000 ko-
- -
-
lakon el
posta-
20
21 27-
22
-
29-
Budapest vo-
nalakon,23 24
-
25 -re el-
26
-
27 28
31-
29
30
- -ig.31
32
fro 33
34 -
Sunja Fiume, Sopron Szombathely Nagykanizsa Barcs
Szabadka Zimony, Budapest Szolnok
Arad Pancsova), Budapest
Vinkovce Virovitica, Dugo Selo Novska, Ba- nova Jaruga
eset
Map 2.: Railway lines to the Balkan front
Hatvan Miskolc( Kassa
Szolnok Debrecen
Lawoczne) mi-
falva Zsolna, Zsolna
Csaca, Legenye
35
ki 36 kalma
vonal- 37
ben gyakran azonnal el is fogyasztottak. Ennek azonban jokra panaszkodtak. Ezt elk
seknek.38
39
40
3.
Map 3.: Railway lines towards the eastern front
elhunyt41 tavonatokkal42
(Compagnie Interna- tionale des Wagons-Lits) -
43
44
- magyar csapato-
-
45
46
sokon a ki
47 A kezdeti sike- az ekkor megnyi- tott kelet
48 -
50 vonattal49 a -
Debrecen Szolnok Budapest Zsolna vonalon
50
nincstelen -
51 52
53 E front vonalai a - te-
le e az
54
- j
55
ban56
57
58
majd Arad is.59
60 talmak-
stb.)61 62 a magyar
63
ben.64
65 -
66
- 67
68 Az egyre veszedelmesebb
Uzsoki-
Erre a Zimony Szabadka Szeged Debrecen
Csap Lawoczne, a Debrecen Csap Miskolc Budapest
- Hatvan
Ruttka Zsolna - -
69
az -
70
kon 71
72 73
- -
is jelentkezett a magyar
1. Hajdu Tibor
Pollmann 2014.) 45. old.
2.
87. old.
3.
1914. Korona Ki- Bp. 81 82. old.
4. 124. old.
5. Hajdu Pollmann 2014. old.
6. Est
7. 137. old.
8.
1914-ig. Kossuth Kia 9.
88., 99. old.
10.
-ig. , 2017. 4.
11.
12. Hon-
, 1 13.
14.
15.
Bp. 25. old.
16. https://net.jogtar.hu/getpdf?
docid=91200030.TV&targetdate=&printTitle=1912.+%C3%A9vi+
XXX.+t%C3%B6rv%C3%A9nycikk&referer=1000ev 08. 14. 16:13)
17. Fegyverbe! 2. old.
18.
19.
1925.) 5 7. old.
20. 16.
21. Est
22.
23. Hadi menetrend a vasutakon.
old.
24. -
, 25.
26. 124. old.
27.
28. 30.
29. Hajdu Pollmann 2014. 61. old.
30.
31.
32.
Magyar K Nyomda. Bp. 11. old.
33.
34.
. 35.
36. 11. old.
37. s au-
1914. augusztus 21.
38.
23.
39.
Hivatalos Lapja, 1914. augusztus 40.
41.
42.
43.
44. HL 4677.
45. Hajdu Pollmann 2014. 93. old.
46. 182. old.
47. 11. old.
48.
49. 1918. 57. old.
50.
51.
52.
53. HL 4669. Rendelet. 1914. november 26.
54.
55.
56.
57. 21.
58.
59.
60.
61.
62.
63.
64. IV.
65. Hajdu Pollmann 2014. 110. old.
66. 218. old.
67. Marchegg Miskolc
illetve Csap Sianki, Csap Lawoczne; Bruck an der Leitha Szolnok Debrecen, innen Csap
68.
69.
70.
71.
72.
73. HL 4681. Bizalmas. 1914. december 28.
16.
4669., 4677., 4681. doboz.
old.
1918.
Est, 1914.
Szakirodalom
Hajdu Tibor 1914
-ig.
-ben ek, 1985.
1914-
2000).
1914. Ko
nete 1869 Nyomda. Bp.
Internet
www.netjogtar.hu