Application of GIS in Plant Protection

(1)

Application of GIS in Plant Protection

Presentation

(2)

TÁMOP-4.1.2.A/2-10/1-2010-0012

• Relation spatial database management tools

• Tasks of GIS systems GIS operations

GIS analyses

• Output options in GIS systems

• Application and creation of open webmaps

• Creation of digital maps, georeferencing

Network alignment, coordinate systems, projections

• Application of GNSS (Global positioning) systems

• GNSS corrections

• GNSS base station system(s)

• Measurement planning tools

• Realisation of GNSS measurement Processing measurement results

Tools of visualization, 3D possibilities

GIS Devices Used in Plant Protection

2

(3)

TÁMOP-4.1.2.A/2-10/1-2010-0012

• Access – operations

– Database management tools

• Relation model

– Basic tasks of GIS systems

• Data model

– Basic tasks of GIS systems I-II.

– Operations of GIS analysis

• Decision support

• Simulation

– Map formats, map servers

• Conversion

• Webmapping (Mashup maps)

Tools of Spatial Data Management

3

(4)

TÁMOP-4.1.2.A/2-10/1-2010-0012

• Aim of Database Management

• Types of Datamodel

• Relation Model

• Key, Functional Dependence

• Normal Forms

• Relationships

• Operations

Tools of Database Management

4

(5)

TÁMOP-4.1.2.A/2-10/1-2010-0012

• Schemes, creation of data models

• Visualization and storage of data together with relationships

• Entity, relation, feature

• Tasks of database management systems – Create database

– Execute query

– Privacy and safety of data – Integrity conditions

– Synchronization

Database

5

(6)

TÁMOP-4.1.2.A/2-10/1-2010-0012

• Grid

• Graph structure

• Entity: intersection

• Relation: edge

• Entity features

• Hierarchy

• Spectral graph : tree

• Relation

• The relation between the entities of a table is not given along with the data model

• Object-oriented

• The application of relation database softwares is normal in object oriented GIS softwares

Types of Data Models

6

(7)

TÁMOP-4.1.2.A/2-10/1-2010-0012

• Subset of table or direct product of feature type sets

• R (A₁ ,A₂ ……, A_n)

– A₁ ,A₂ ……, A_n attributes

– R name of relation – N degree of relation

• Entity type= relation

• Tables are connected with joint coloumns

Relation Data Model

7

(8)

TÁMOP-4.1.2.A/2-10/1-2010-0012

• The simplest subset of attributes, which identifies each line of the relation unambiguously

– Simple key – Complex key – Exterior key

• An attribute subset functionally defines another one, if exactly one value belongs to a value in the other one.

• Complete dependency, if it does not depend on its subsets

• Transitive dependency, if there is a functionally dependent attribute set.

Key, Functional Dependence

8

(9)

TÁMOP-4.1.2.A/2-10/1-2010-0012

• Exactly one attribute value in each line of the relation

Normalization – 1. Normal Form

9

Number Name Home DVDid DVDtitle

101 John Smith Keszthely 1001,3002 USA, Murder on the Orien Express

102 George Green Budapest 2008 Catch 22

103 Jane Smith Siófok 3002 Murder on the Orien Express

101 John Smith Keszthely 1001 USA

101 John Smith Keszthely 3002 Murder on the Orien Express

(10)

TÁMOP-4.1.2.A/2-10/1-2010-0012

Normalization – 2. Normal Form II.

10

Number Name Home

101 John Smith Keszthely

102 George Green Budapest

103 Jane Smith Siófok

Number DVDid DVDtitle

101 1001 USA

101 3002 Murder on the

Orient Express

101 John Smith Keszthely 1001,3002 USA, Murder on the Orien Express

(11)

TÁMOP-4.1.2.A/2-10/1-2010-0012

• 1. in NF, each secondary attribute completely depends on the key

Normalization – 2. Normal Form

11

DVDid DVDtitle

1001 USA

3002 Murder on the Orien Express

2008 Catch 22 Number DVDid

101 1001

101 3002

102 2008

103 3002

102 George

Green

Budapest 103 Jane Smith Siófok

101 John Smith Keszthely 1001 USA

101 John Smith Keszthely 3002 Murder on the Orien Express

(12)

TÁMOP-4.1.2.A/2-10/1-2010-0012

• 2. in NF, none of the secondary attributes depend on the key transitively

Normalization – 3. Normal Form

12

102 George

Green

Budapest 103 Jane Smith Siófok

Sorszám DVDtitle

1001 USA

3002 Murder on the Orien Express

2008 Catch 22

Sorszám Name

101 John Smith

102 George

Green

103 Jane Smith

Name Home

John Smith Keszthely George

Green

Budapest Jane Smith Siófok Number DVDid

101 1001

101 3002

102 2008

103 3002

(13)

TÁMOP-4.1.2.A/2-10/1-2010-0012

• 1-1 Connectivity

• 1-N Connectivity

• N-M Connectivity

Tipes of Relationship

13

Student Sid

Sname

Examination Eid

Tid Sid Grade

Teacher Tazon Tnév 1

∞

1

∞

(14)

TÁMOP-4.1.2.A/2-10/1-2010-0012

• Union, section

• Descartes product

• Projection

• Selection

• Quotient

• Section

• Connection

• Natural connection

Relation operations

14

(15)

TÁMOP-4.1.2.A/2-10/1-2010-0012

• File manager, catalog – Set coordinates – Data layers

• Mapping

– Visualization, query – Analyses

• Tools

– Conversion – Analysis

Structure of Desktop GIS System

15

(16)

TÁMOP-4.1.2.A/2-10/1-2010-0012

• Vector data model

• Spaghetti model

• Network model

• Topologic model

• Raster model

• Hybrid model

• Vector

– Shapefile – Geodatasets

– DXF, DWG (CAD)

• Raster – Grid

• 2,5D-3D

– DEM-TIN

– Contour line, cloud of points, 3D Laserscanner formats

– SOLAP multidimensional datastructures

– Hyperspectral dataformats

GIS Data Models, Data Formats

16

(17)

TÁMOP-4.1.2.A/2-10/1-2010-0012

• Raster and vector data can be used together in hybrid systems.

– Hybrid Data Model: GoogleMaps

• MASHUP map: a map created from several inrernet or other sources (often integrating other applications (API)).

Hybrid Data Model, Mashup Webmap

17

MASHUP Hybrid map

(18)

TÁMOP-4.1.2.A/2-10/1-2010-0012

• Database operations

• Transformations

• Spatial representations of query

• Neighbourhood analysis

• Size definition

• Contraction, recoding, incorporation

• Overlay

• Buffer zone generation

• Modelling (relief model)

• Move, rotate, copy and paste, delete elements

• Add and delete, move cut-off point

• Edit existing features of cut-off points

• Transformation of line and poligon with sketch

• Panel poligon element

• Panel, trim, extend, cut line element

• Scale rate and cut element

• Proportional rendering of element geometry

• Simplify and generalize element

GIS Operations, Editing

18

(19)

TÁMOP-4.1.2.A/2-10/1-2010-0012

Generalization, Movement, Rendering of a Poligon

19

(20)

TÁMOP-4.1.2.A/2-10/1-2010-0012

• Digiltal Elevation Model (DEM) analyses – Slope

– Aspect – Visibility

• Analysis of networks – Traffic planning

• Edition, overlay

– Zone generation

GIS Analyses

20

(21)

TÁMOP-4.1.2.A/2-10/1-2010-0012

• Online decision support systems

– Spatial Decision

Supporting Systems - SDSS

– simulation possibilities

• Spatial, geostatistics

– spatial heterogeneity, clustering

– combination of info and info levels

• Simulation

– objects, events, processes

• Monitoring

– changes

• Model management

– feedback (monitoring) – model refinement

– validity

Decision Preparation, Spatial Modelling

21

(22)

TÁMOP-4.1.2.A/2-10/1-2010-0012

• Tasks of GIS systems – Data collection – Data storage – Query

– Analysis

– Visualization – Publication

• Database – Map– Model – Data

– Software – Hardware

– Developer, user – Processing

Basic Operations of GIS Systems I-II.

22

(23)

TÁMOP-4.1.2.A/2-10/1-2010-0012

• Video

– MASHUP Hybrid map

• Animation

Videos and Animations for Chapter 1.

23

(24)

TÁMOP-4.1.2.A/2-10/1-2010-0012

I. question

1. Select primary key.

2. Give functional dependency.

Tasks for Chapter 1.

24

Id Name Birthday

1-561211-1251 John Smith 27.12.2001.

2-881111-2514 George Green 23.11.1987.

1-331010-2314 Jane Smith 11.11.1970.

(25)

TÁMOP-4.1.2.A/2-10/1-2010-0012

II. question

1. Is the database in first normal form?

2. Is the database in second normal form?

3. Is the database in third normal form?

4. If not, transform all of them to the given form.

Tasks for Chapter 1.

25

Id Name Birthday

1-561211-1221 John Smith 27.12.2001.

2-881111-2514 George Green 23.11.1987.

1-331010-2314 Jane Smith 11.11.1970.

(26)

TÁMOP-4.1.2.A/2-10/1-2010-0012

III. question

create a ‘more-more’ relation with ‘one-more’ relation with the help of ‘shopping’, ‘shopper’ , ‘seller’ and ‘herbicides’.

(one shopper can buy from several sellers, one seller can serve more shoppers)

Shopper (Sid, Sname) Seller (Sid, Sname)

Shopping (Shoppingid, Sum, …)

Herbicides (Herbid, Herbname, Herbprice …)

Tasks for Chapter 1.

26

(27)

TÁMOP-4.1.2.A/2-10/1-2010-0012

• Layers and projects

• Create new map layer (point, line, poligon)

• Manage raster and vector layers

• Create a buffer zone

• Select

• Manage projections

• Visualization

• Scale dependent visualization

• Create map output

– Access to software: http://esri.com/aejee

Operations (ArcExplorer JEE)

27

(28)

TÁMOP-4.1.2.A/2-10/1-2010-0012

• ESRI MapServer

– http://geographynetwork.com

• Georgikon MapServer

– http://vektor.georgikon.hu

• AIR MapServer

– http://terkep.air.gov.hu/terkep

• Corine Land Cover 2000 Database

– http://fomi.hu/corine/clc2000_index.html

Used Data

28

(29)

TÁMOP-4.1.2.A/2-10/1-2010-0012

ESRI MapServer

– http://geographynetwork.com

29

(30)

TÁMOP-4.1.2.A/2-10/1-2010-0012

Georgikon MapServer

30

(31)

TÁMOP-4.1.2.A/2-10/1-2010-0012

Hungarian National Rural Network (AIR) MapServer

31

(32)

TÁMOP-4.1.2.A/2-10/1-2010-0012

Corine Land Cover 2000 database

32

(33)

TÁMOP-4.1.2.A/2-10/1-2010-0012

Layers and Maps

33

Access to software: http://esri.com/aejee

ESRI MapServer: http://geographynetwork.com

(34)

TÁMOP-4.1.2.A/2-10/1-2010-0012

EOV koordináták

• 519765.682 150407.097

• 519672.151 150417.697

• 519725.152 150353.472

• 519636.609 150370.308

• 519687.116 150302.966

• 519598.573 150318.554

• 519649.703 150252.459

• 519562.408 150268.671

• 519608.549 150200.705

• 519520.630 150216.917

• 519571.761 150150.198

• 519483.218 150165.163

• 519532.478 150096.574

Generation of Sample Points for GPS

34

Access to software, sample files and step by step description: http://esri.com/aejee

(35)

TÁMOP-4.1.2.A/2-10/1-2010-0012

Text File Generation - *.csv

35

(36)

TÁMOP-4.1.2.A/2-10/1-2010-0012

• Generation

– .csv (Comma Separated Values - Notepad)

– Shape File Generation(pl:

ArcExplorer JEE)

– View (pl: ArcExplorer JEE)

Shape File Generation

36

(37)

TÁMOP-4.1.2.A/2-10/1-2010-0012

View of Generated Points

37

(38)

TÁMOP-4.1.2.A/2-10/1-2010-0012

HOTLINK Weblink and Shape Files

38

(39)

TÁMOP-4.1.2.A/2-10/1-2010-0012

Add Raster Layer from MapServer

39

(40)

TÁMOP-4.1.2.A/2-10/1-2010-0012

Select Raster

40

(41)

TÁMOP-4.1.2.A/2-10/1-2010-0012

View on Raster Layer

41

(42)

TÁMOP-4.1.2.A/2-10/1-2010-0012

Add Vector Layer from Shape File

42

(43)

TÁMOP-4.1.2.A/2-10/1-2010-0012

Select Buffer Zone – Select Points

43

Buffer zone

(44)

TÁMOP-4.1.2.A/2-10/1-2010-0012

Give Buffer Zone on Point Like Objects

44

(45)

TÁMOP-4.1.2.A/2-10/1-2010-0012

Multiplicated Buffer Zone

45

(46)

TÁMOP-4.1.2.A/2-10/1-2010-0012

Multiplicated Buffer Zone on Different Layers

46

(47)

TÁMOP-4.1.2.A/2-10/1-2010-0012

• Select by attribute

• Select by query

• Select legend symbol

• Select by geography

• Select by spatial query

Selection

47

GIS operations

(48)

TÁMOP-4.1.2.A/2-10/1-2010-0012

Attributes of Field

48

(49)

TÁMOP-4.1.2.A/2-10/1-2010-0012

• Connected selection

– Table of attributes – Layer

Selection

49

(50)

TÁMOP-4.1.2.A/2-10/1-2010-0012

Selection by Database Management

50

(51)

TÁMOP-4.1.2.A/2-10/1-2010-0012

Selection by Legend Symbol

51

(52)

TÁMOP-4.1.2.A/2-10/1-2010-0012

Selection by Topology

52

(53)

TÁMOP-4.1.2.A/2-10/1-2010-0012

Selection by Spatial Query

53

(54)

TÁMOP-4.1.2.A/2-10/1-2010-0012

Projection

54

GISsettings

(55)

TÁMOP-4.1.2.A/2-10/1-2010-0012

Set up Projection

55

(56)

TÁMOP-4.1.2.A/2-10/1-2010-0012

Geographic Systems

56

(57)

TÁMOP-4.1.2.A/2-10/1-2010-0012

Eckert IV.

57

(58)

TÁMOP-4.1.2.A/2-10/1-2010-0012

Orthography

58

(59)

TÁMOP-4.1.2.A/2-10/1-2010-0012

Albert’s Equal Area

59

(60)

TÁMOP-4.1.2.A/2-10/1-2010-0012

View - Corine Land Cover 2000 Database

60

GIS web compilations

(61)

TÁMOP-4.1.2.A/2-10/1-2010-0012

Graduated Symbols

61

(62)

TÁMOP-4.1.2.A/2-10/1-2010-0012

CLC2000 Classes

62

(63)

TÁMOP-4.1.2.A/2-10/1-2010-0012

• Code Level 3,"Label Level1","Label Level2","Label Level3","RGB Color"

• 112,"Artificial surfaces","Urban fabric","Discontinuous urban fabric","255- 000-000"

• 121,"Artificial surfaces","Industrial, commercial and transport units","Industrial or commercial units","204-077-242"

• 141,"Artificial surfaces","Artificial, non-agricultural vegetated areas","Green urban areas","255-166-255"

• 142,"Artificial surfaces","Artificial, non-agricultural vegetated areas","Sport and leisure facilities","255-230-255"

• 211,"Agricultural areas","Arable land","Non-irrigated arable land","255- 255-168"

• 221,"Agricultural areas","Permanent crops","Vineyards","230-128-000"

• 231,"Agricultural areas","Pastures","Pastures","230-230-077"

242,"Agricultural areas","Heterogeneous agricultural areas","Complex cultivation patterns","255-230-077"

• 311,"Forest and semi natural areas","Forests","Broad-leaved forest","128- 255-000"

• 411,"Wetlands","Inland wetlands","Inland marshes","166-166-255"

412,"Wetlands","Inland wetlands","Peat bogs","077-077-255"

Part of Corine Land Cover Classes

63

(64)

TÁMOP-4.1.2.A/2-10/1-2010-0012

Draw Features Using Unique Symbols

64

(65)

TÁMOP-4.1.2.A/2-10/1-2010-0012

Scale Dependent Query

65

• Line:

– Scale range 1:7500 - 1:30000

• Point:

– Scale range above 1:15000

• Polygon:

– Scale rate above 1:7500

(66)

TÁMOP-4.1.2.A/2-10/1-2010-0012

Scale Dependent Query II.

66

(67)

TÁMOP-4.1.2.A/2-10/1-2010-0012

Layout

67

(68)

TÁMOP-4.1.2.A/2-10/1-2010-0012

• Traditional/digital map – Concept of scale rate – Georeferency

– Use of layers

• Mapping

– Different data sources

• Accessing maps online – Webmap

– Layers of webmap – Map compilation

Formats and MapServers

68

(69)

TÁMOP-4.1.2.A/2-10/1-2010-0012

• Not only the digital description of the content of a map managable by a computer (no need for sectioning, elements of real size, exact fitting, topology, often uses layers and objects).

• Primary data gaining methods – Measurement (GPS)

– Existing reports

Primary data collection methods usually create vector data.

• Secondary source

– Digitalization followed by automatic or manual vectorization

With secondary methods, in the case of georeferencing and vectorization, vector maps are creared. With secondary methods (scanning), if

georeferencing is not followed by vectorization, a digital raster map is created.

Creation of Digital Maps

69

(70)

TÁMOP-4.1.2.A/2-10/1-2010-0012

• Influencing factors for data validity – Source

– Geometric accuracy

– Accuracy of attribute data – Consistency of attribute data – Topologic consistency

– Completeness and relevance of data

Check Data Quality

70

(71)

TÁMOP-4.1.2.A/2-10/1-2010-0012

Online access to mapservers

– Search for soil type

• Hungarian National Rural Network (AIR) http://terkep.air.gov.hu/terkep/

– Search for map coverage

• Georgikon Mapserver http://map.georgikon.hu

– Search

• Nature Conservation Information System (TIR) http://geo.kvvm.gov.hu/tir

Online Accessibility of Mapservers

71

Webmaps

(72)

TÁMOP-4.1.2.A/2-10/1-2010-0012

• Web address

http://terkep.air.gov.hu/terkep/

• Service

– Public maps

• Load map: genetic soil map of Hungary, search soil type – Chernozem soil

• Select based on query results

Online Access to the AIR Map Collection

72

(73)

TÁMOP-4.1.2.A/2-10/1-2010-0012

Search for Soil Type

73

(74)

TÁMOP-4.1.2.A/2-10/1-2010-0012

• Web address

http://map.georgikon.hu

• Service

– Soil maps on the watershed of Lake Balaton, Hungary http://vektor.georgikon.hu/website/talajmap/viewer.htm

• Active Layer

– Adjacent section maps of Zala County, Hungary (zalaszh)

• Query

– Field: Telepules, Operator: =, Value: Zalaszentgrót – Add to Query String, Execute

• Select by query results

Georgikon MapServer on the Internet

74

(75)

TÁMOP-4.1.2.A/2-10/1-2010-0012

Search for Adjacent Section Soil Map

75

(76)

TÁMOP-4.1.2.A/2-10/1-2010-0012

• Weblink

http://geo.kvvm.hu/tir

• Service

– Open map

• Active layer, visibility (layers) – EOTR 10 net coupon

• Search

– For 32-212 1:10000 EOTR coupon – On active layer

Nature Conservation Information System

76

(77)

TÁMOP-4.1.2.A/2-10/1-2010-0012

Search on a Webmap

77

(78)

TÁMOP-4.1.2.A/2-10/1-2010-0012

• Public API (Application Programming Interface)

– Complex webmapping systems ensuring API on other websites and produce for reuse (a Google Maps with Google Maps API, YahooMaps , ESRI ArcIMS, GIS Server API)

• Important webmaps

– GoogleMaps

http://maps.google.com

– YahooMaps

• http://maps.yahoo.com

– Bing

• http://www.bing.com/maps

– Geoportal

http://geoportal.fr

Public Webmapping

78

(79)

TÁMOP-4.1.2.A/2-10/1-2010-0012

• Google web services

– http://picasaweb.google.com – http://youtube.com

– http://googlemaps.com

• Create website

– http://microsoft.com

• Web storage service

– http://ingyenweb.hu

Simple Online Publication of a Webmap

79

Website

MapServer

Picture

Video

Web service HTML

(80)

TÁMOP-4.1.2.A/2-10/1-2010-0012

• Steps of realization

– 1. Select topic

– 2. Create map, upload data

• a. Create a web album, upload images

• b. Upload video

– 3. Create website, embed map

– 4. Publish website

Create Project Website with Map

80

(81)

TÁMOP-4.1.2.A/2-10/1-2010-0012

• Video

– Buffer zone – GIS operations – GISsettings

– GIS web compilations – Webmaps

• Animation

Videos and Animations for Chapter 2-3-4.

81

(82)

TÁMOP-4.1.2.A/2-10/1-2010-0012

I. question

Find the characteristic soil type of Fehér County, Hungary on the AIR genetic soil map.

Tasks for Chapter 2-3-4.

82

(83)

TÁMOP-4.1.2.A/2-10/1-2010-0012

II. question

Create the shape file containing the following points (bp.shp) with the help of ArcExplorer JEE .

1. Parlament (Parliament building) 47.507, 19.046 2. Lánchíd (Chain Bridge) 47.499, 19.044 3. Mátyás-templom (Matthias Church) 47.502, 19.034

Tasks for Chapter 2-3-4.

83

(84)

TÁMOP-4.1.2.A/2-10/1-2010-0012

III. question

Find the following ‘Mashup’ map coverage and soil map with ArcExplorer JEE (or any other) software.

1. Add internet server

2. http://vektor.georgikon.hu Talajmap 3. http://geo.kvvm.hu Nitrat (90%

transparency)

Tasks for Chapter 2-3-4.

84

(85)

TÁMOP-4.1.2.A/2-10/1-2010-0012

IV. question

Open Atlas_Landuse.shp database at

http://geographynetwork.com with ArcExplorer JEE (or any other) software. Set projection ‘Eckert IV, SPHERE’ .

Tasks for Chapter 2-3-4.

85

(86)

TÁMOP-4.1.2.A/2-10/1-2010-0012

V. question

Open Atlas_Landuse.shp database at

http://geographynetwork.com with ArcExplorer JEE (or any other) software. Select a 20km buffer zone around the rivers of Hungary.

Tasks for Chapter 2-3-4.

86

(87)

TÁMOP-4.1.2.A/2-10/1-2010-0012

VI. question

Open any database at http://geographynetwork.com with ArcExplorer JEE (or any other) software, try the following functions

• One Symbol

• Graduated Symbols

• Unque Symbols

Tasks for Chapter 2-3-4.

87

(88)

TÁMOP-4.1.2.A/2-10/1-2010-0012

VII. question

Open any database at http://geographynetwork.com with ArcExplorer JEE (or any other) software, create a map

compilation (Layout) with the following elements:

• Image

• Text

• North sign

• Scale rate

• Legend

Tasks for Chapter 2-3-4.

88

(89)

TÁMOP-4.1.2.A/2-10/1-2010-0012

VIII. question

Open any database at http://geographynetwork.com with ArcExplorer JEE (or any other) software. Set visibility at least for 3 layers in different scale rates.

Tasks for Chapter 2-3-4.

89

(90)

TÁMOP-4.1.2.A/2-10/1-2010-0012

IX. question

Create a GoogleMaps map on any agronomy topic with at least 5 objects and inserted images. Send link via email.

Tasks for Chapter 2-3-4.

90

(91)

TÁMOP-4.1.2.A/2-10/1-2010-0012

• Coordinates are ordered to the points of an image or map.

• Base point systems – OGPSH

– Vertical surveyor milestones or landmarks – Horizontal surveyor milestones

– Integrated Geodesic Point Network (INGA)

• Cca. 2000 points of different measurement techniques, in several reference systems, with a new type of perpetuation. Aim: 4D

geodesy and sustainability.

• Georeferencing – Graphic

– Manual

Transformation, Georeferencing

91

(92)

TÁMOP-4.1.2.A/2-10/1-2010-0012

• GPS measurement: height above ellipsoid

• Height above sea level : geoidundulation is to be considered

• Distance between a point of the geoid (the true physical figure of the Earth) and the ellipsoid (representing the Earth’s figure), measured on the ellipsoid normal of the point

h = H + N

h height above ellipsoid H height above sea level N value of geoidundulation

Geoid Undulation

92

(93)

TÁMOP-4.1.2.A/2-10/1-2010-0012

• Geoid

– Surface of the oceans and seas if connected by

small channels under the dry land (Listing 1873) – its form depends on

gravitation and

centrifugal acceleration.

– The regular,

mathematically

describable body closest to the geoid is ellipsoid.

Geoid Undulation in Hungary

93

(94)

TÁMOP-4.1.2.A/2-10/1-2010-0012

• The area of Hungary is covered by 85

48000x32000m 100000 sections.

• The North-west EOV

coordinate of section 32 is (480000;160000).

• Section 32 431

– M 1:100 000 32 – M 1: 50 000 32 – 4 – M 1: 25 000 32 – 4 – 3 – M 1: 10 000 32 – 4 – 3 - 1

Uniform National Projection System (EOV-EOTR)

94

(95)

TÁMOP-4.1.2.A/2-10/1-2010-0012

Coordinate System of EOV:

• The starting coordinates have been placed 200km to the South and 650 km to the West. Thus, the Y coordinates are lower than 400, and the X

coordinates are always higher than 400, which means they are easy to distinguish.

Uniform National Projection System Coordinates

95

(96)

TÁMOP-4.1.2.A/2-10/1-2010-0012

• First leveling of Hungary was carried out based on the

1873-1913 Mediterranian datum level^.

– Height of Nadap reference landmark: 173,8385 m.

• After World War II, sea level at Kronstadt as the basic

reference was used.

– Height of Nadap reference point:

173,1638, which is 0,6747 m

lower than it used to be applied in reference of Adriatic sea.

Vertical Network of Hungary (EOMA)

96

(97)

TÁMOP-4.1.2.A/2-10/1-2010-0012

• OGPSH (ETRS89-WGS84) → EOV

• EOV → OGPSH (ETRS89-WGS84)

– OGPSH (National GPS Network, Hungary)

– ETRS89 (European Terrestrial Reference System 1989)

– WGS-84 (World Geodetic System 1984 )

– EOV (Egységes Országos Vetület, Uniform National Projection)

– Access to software:

http://www.gnssnet.hu/letolt3.php

Transformation

97

(98)

TÁMOP-4.1.2.A/2-10/1-2010-0012

– Koordinates (φ, λ, h)

OGPSH ETRS89 - WGS- 84(European Terrestrial Reference System 1989 - World Geodetic System 1984 ) :

• Orient: 46,682803552 – 17,340250842 – 215,403

• Northwest: 46,685463630 – 17,345102758 – 220,276

– Koordinates (y, x, H)

EOV :

• Orient: 519404,937 – 150145,958 – 170,295

• Northwest: 519782,473 – 150433,483 – 175,171

Transformation

98

(99)

TÁMOP-4.1.2.A/2-10/1-2010-0012

Transformation– EOV → OGPSH

99

(100)

TÁMOP-4.1.2.A/2-10/1-2010-0012

Transzformáció – EOV → OGPSH

10 0

(101)

TÁMOP-4.1.2.A/2-10/1-2010-0012

Transformation– OGPSH → EOV

10 1

(102)

TÁMOP-4.1.2.A/2-10/1-2010-0012

Transformation – OGPSH → EOV

10 2

(103)

TÁMOP-4.1.2.A/2-10/1-2010-0012

• Georeference: location data of a raster image in the geodesic coordinate system.

• Methods:

– World file

– Header (GeoTiff, GeoJP2…)

– access to software:

http://frankl.comdesign.at/Geo/Georeg.html

Georeferencing

10 3

(104)

TÁMOP-4.1.2.A/2-10/1-2010-0012

Georeferencing with Two Points

10 4

(105)

TÁMOP-4.1.2.A/2-10/1-2010-0012

Georeferencing with More Points (RMS)

10 5

(106)

TÁMOP-4.1.2.A/2-10/1-2010-0012

• Georeferencing land profile WGS-84

– Coordinates (φ, λ, h):

• East corner : 46,682803552 –

17,340250842 – 215,403

• North-west corner:

46,685463630 –

17,345102758 – 220,276

Georeferencing

10 6

(107)

TÁMOP-4.1.2.A/2-10/1-2010-0012

Georeferencing – Set up Coordinates

10 7

(108)

TÁMOP-4.1.2.A/2-10/1-2010-0012

Georeferencing - World File Generation: *.jpgw

10 8

(109)

TÁMOP-4.1.2.A/2-10/1-2010-0012

• Georeferencing field profile EOV

– Coordinates (y, x, H):

• Eastern corner:

519404,937 – 150145,958 – 170,295

• North-western corner:

519782,473 – 150433,483 – 175,171

Georeferencing

10 9

(110)

TÁMOP-4.1.2.A/2-10/1-2010-0012

Georeferencing - Point with Known Coordinates

11 0

(111)

TÁMOP-4.1.2.A/2-10/1-2010-0012

Georeferencing – Word File Generation: *.jpgw

11 1

(112)

TÁMOP-4.1.2.A/2-10/1-2010-0012

• Load referated and to- be-referated images

• Create control points

• Select transformation

• Save changes

– Create help files – Create new raster

– Access to software (60 – day trial version):

http://www.esri.com/soft ware/arcgis/arcinfo

Graphic Georeferencing

11 2

Graphic georeferencing

(113)

TÁMOP-4.1.2.A/2-10/1-2010-0012

• With the help of 4

graphic control points

– Polinomial(1)

Graphic Georeferencing

11 3

(114)

TÁMOP-4.1.2.A/2-10/1-2010-0012

• Video

– Graphic georeferencing

• Animation

Videos and Animations for Chapter 5.

11 4

(115)

TÁMOP-4.1.2.A/2-10/1-2010-0012

I. question

which OGPSH points are used by the EEHHTT transformation if applied for Galyatető, Hungary?

Tasks for Chapter 5.

11 5

(116)

TÁMOP-4.1.2.A/2-10/1-2010-0012

II. question

Digitalize any map sheet with the help of a scanner, georeference it with 3 reference points with the GEOREGARCVIEW software.

The necessary coordinates can be obtained from mapservers (eg. Googlemaps).

Tasks for Chapter 5.

11 6

(117)

TÁMOP-4.1.2.A/2-10/1-2010-0012

III. question

Digitalize another map sheet overlapping the previous one with the help of a scanner. Georeferate with 3

reference points with the help of GEOREGARCVIEW

software. Open it together with the georeferated file of the previous task with ArcExplorer JEE (or any other) and check its accuracy.

The necessary coordinates can be obtained from mapservers (eg. Googlemaps).

Tasks for Chapter 5.

11 7

(118)

TÁMOP-4.1.2.A/2-10/1-2010-0012

• Online correction: GNSS (Global positioning) systems – Navstar GPS

– Glonass – Galileo ...

• GNSS corrections, GNSS base station system(s)

• Measurement planning devices

• Realization of GNSS measurement

• Process measurement results

• Tools for visualisation, 3D

GNSS Systems

11 8

(119)

TÁMOP-4.1.2.A/2-10/1-2010-0012

• Basic theory of global positioning

• GNSS systems – GPS

– Glonass – Galileo – BeiDou

• GNSS correction – GBAS

– SBAS

• Online correction

Global Navigation Satellite Systems

11 9

(120)

TÁMOP-4.1.2.A/2-10/1-2010-0012

• The coordinates of 3 satellites at a given time are needed.

• If time can be measured accurately, then wave spread speed and the time will help calculate how far we are from the

satellite.

• In the case of 1 satellite, it will give a sphere surface.

• If there is a connection with 2 satellites, then we are on the sphere of both

satellites. The section of the two spheres is a circle.

• The section of the sphere of the third

satellite and the circle will be two points, one of which can always be excluded (eg.

Points far from the earth surface).

Global Positioning System (GPS-GNSS)

12 0

(121)

TÁMOP-4.1.2.A/2-10/1-2010-0012

• Orbit data errors of satellites, accuracy of clock signal

• Change in wave spread speed

• State of the ionosphere (measurement using several frequencies)

• Characteristics of the atmosphere (temperature, pressure, humidity, other phenomena

• Wave spread, DOP (Dilution of Position)

• Environment of GPS sensor (shadowing, coverage)

• Electromagnetic noises in the environment

• Deliberate disturbance – GPS Jamming

– GPS Spoofing – GPS Meaconing

Factors Influencing Measurement Accuracy

12 1

(122)

TÁMOP-4.1.2.A/2-10/1-2010-0012

• The GPS system consists of three main sub systems:

– Space segment (satellites),

– User system (sensors and services) – Control segment (terrain control and

monitor stations)

GPS Segments

12 2

GNSS system

(123)

TÁMOP-4.1.2.A/2-10/1-2010-0012

• Selective Ability

– The change in accuracy when SA (disturbance) was turned off on 2. May, 2000.

• Global Performance Assessments

– http://www.schriever.af.m il/Gps

Selective Availability, Global Perf. Assessments

12 3

(124)

TÁMOP-4.1.2.A/2-10/1-2010-0012

• NAVigation Satellite Timing And Ranging Global Positioning System

• 1973

• First satellite launched: 1978

• Official system services from 1995.

• GPS SUPPORT CENTER

• USA MINISTRY OF DEFENCE

• NAVIGATION CENTER

Navstar GPS

12 4

http://gps.losangeles.af.mil http://www.schriever.af.mil

http://www.navcen.uscg.gov

(125)

TÁMOP-4.1.2.A/2-10/1-2010-0012

• GLONASS system

– 24 satellites, 3 orbit levels, 120 degree angle

– 8 satellites on each plane, within the same distance from one another, 45 degree width difference.

– A 19100-km orbit

– Time period: cca. 11 óra 15 perc

– Different frequency for each satellite.

Glonass

12 5

http://www.glonass-ianc.rsa.ru

(126)

TÁMOP-4.1.2.A/2-10/1-2010-0012

• 27 working and 3 spare satellites on 3 orbit

planes

• 23 616-km radius orbit

• Integrity

– Integrity signs will also be supplied by Galileo

satellites.

– At least 2 satellites above 25 degrees

– Alarm time: 6s

Galileo

12 6

http://www.giove.esa.int

(127)

TÁMOP-4.1.2.A/2-10/1-2010-0012

• Beidou-1 satellites and their launch time

– 1A (31. October, 2000.) – 1B (21. December, 2000.) – 1C (25. May, 2003.)

– 1D (3. February, 2007.)

• Beidou (Compass)-2

– M1 (14. April, 2007.) medium height orbit

– G2 satellite (15. April, 2009.) – G1 satellite (16. January, 2009.) – G3 satellite (2. June, 2010.)

• Complete second generation system: 27 MEOs, 3 IGSOs, and 5 GEOs

– Would consist of 5 high orbit and – 30 medium height orbit satellites.

BeiDou - Compass

12 7

http://www.beidou.gov.cn

(128)

TÁMOP-4.1.2.A/2-10/1-2010-0012

• Better quality of GPS reception; provided by the mobile service provider.

– Data exchange between the GPS in the phone and the server of the provider.

– Resource consuming calculation is carried out by the server of the provider.

AGPS (=Assisted GPS), GPRS Coverage

12 8

(129)

TÁMOP-4.1.2.A/2-10/1-2010-0012

• Better GPS reception provided by the mobile service provider.

– Data exchange between the GPS in the phone and the server of the provider.

– Resource consuming calculation is carried out by the server of the provider.

AGPS (=Assisted GPS), GPRS Coverage

12 9

https://www.vodafone.hu/lefedettsegi-terkep http://www.telenor.hu/internet/tudnivalok/lefedettseg

http://www.t-mobile.hu/lakossagi/mobil_szelessav/hasznos

(130)

GPRS Coverage

• Vodafone

• Telenor

• T-Mobile

https://www.vodafone.hu/lefedettsegi-terkep

http://www.telenor.hu/internet/tudnivalok/lefedettseg

http://www.t-mobile.hu/lakossagi/mobil_szelessav/hasznos

(131)

TÁMOP-4.1.2.A/2-10/1-2010-0012

• CSD (Circuit Switched Data)

– Line switched mobile internet - 9,6 kbit/s - 1G

• GPRS (General Packet Radio Service) – Package - 115 kbit/s - 2G

• EDGE (Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution) – reinforce GPRS - 236 kbit/s-os (112-400) - 2,5G

• 3G

– third generation mobile network, videocall included 384 kbit/s - 3G

• HSPA (High-Speed Downlink/Uplink Packet Access)

– Theoretic data transfer speed of HSDPA can be, depending on device and coverage, up to 21 Mbit/s – 3,5G

• 4G LTE (Long Term Evolution) – 1Gbit/s - 4G

Mobil Internet Standards

13 1

(132)

TÁMOP-4.1.2.A/2-10/1-2010-0012

Navigation

13 2

(133)

TÁMOP-4.1.2.A/2-10/1-2010-0012

navigation, Route on Mobile Phone (2008)

13 3

(134)

TÁMOP-4.1.2.A/2-10/1-2010-0012

• Absolute – relative measurement planning – Geodesic accuracy

– GIS accuracy

– Navigation accuracy

• Aims:

-higher accuracy -higher integrity -lower downtime -SoL (Safety of Life)

Correction Systems

13 4

(135)

TÁMOP-4.1.2.A/2-10/1-2010-0012

GPS Position Errors

13 5

GPS (m) DGPS (m)

Clock inaccuracies 1,5 0

Shifts in the satellite orbits 2,5 0

Ionospheric effects 5 0,4

Tropospheric effects 0,5 0,2

Multipath effect 0,3 0,3

Calculation- und rounding errors 0,6 0,6

(136)

TÁMOP-4.1.2.A/2-10/1-2010-0012

The Theory of Differentational Correction

13 6

(137)

TÁMOP-4.1.2.A/2-10/1-2010-0012

Typical accuracy of GPS Measurement

13 7

Measurement Processing Code/phase Accuracy Navigation Absolute Real time Code

measurement

~10m

DGPS Relative Real time Code

measurement

~1m

Static Relative Offline Phase

measurement

~1mm Kinematic Relative Offline Phase

measurement

~1cm

RTK Relative Real time Phase

measurement

~1cm

(138)

TÁMOP-4.1.2.A/2-10/1-2010-0012

• Post procession

– Absolute : tracklog – DGPS: data collection

– Relative : high accuracy coordinates

• Real time

– absolute: navigation – DGPS: line feed

– Relative : alignment, field works

Type of Measurement (Correction Method)

13 8

(139)

TÁMOP-4.1.2.A/2-10/1-2010-0012

• Single Base

– Accuracy falls further from base

• Several bases

– Accuracy not homogenious

• VRS - Virtual Reference Stations

– Accuracy homogenious

– Accuracy of system changes just a bit if one station is unavailable.

Field Correction

13 9

(140)

TÁMOP-4.1.2.A/2-10/1-2010-0012

Trimble VRS System

14 0

(141)

TÁMOP-4.1.2.A/2-10/1-2010-0012

GPS –Glonass Trimble VRS Receivers in Hungary

14 1

(142)

TÁMOP-4.1.2.A/2-10/1-2010-0012

VRS for Agriculture

14 2

(143)

TÁMOP-4.1.2.A/2-10/1-2010-0012

• Traditional RTK GNSSnet

• Network RTK GNSSnet

– NtripCaster IP address, port: 84.206.45.44:2101 – http://gnssnet.hu

GNSSnet Bases and VRS System in Hungary

14 3

(144)

TÁMOP-4.1.2.A/2-10/1-2010-0012

• Geotrade GNSS coverage

– Host:

www.geotradegnss.hu – Port: 2101

– http://www.geotrade.hu/

geotradegnss

Geotrade GNSS System

14 4

(145)

TÁMOP-4.1.2.A/2-10/1-2010-0012

• Georgikon RTK coverage

• DGPS for the whole country of Hungary

– http://gnss.georgikon.hu – 193.224.81.88:2101

Single Base System – University of Pannonia, Hungary

14 5