List of Tables

List of Tables

Chapter 1. General Chemistry of Fluorine-Containing C o m p o u n d s

T a b l e I. Solubility of Fluoride in Liquid H F and

Acid Forming Fluorides 9 T a b l e II. Reaction of Metals with Liquid H F and

Acid Forming Fluorides 10 T a b l e I I I . Relative Strengths of Fluoroacids in Liquid

H F 11 T a b l e IV. Metallic Complexes in Liquid H F 12

T a b l e V. Solubility of Fluorides in H y d r o g e n Fluoride 13 T a b l e V I . Solubility of Metal Fluorides in Bromine

Trifluoride, Water, and H y d r o g e n Fluoride 88

Chapter 2. Physical Chemistry of Fluorocarbons

T a b l e I. Vapor Pressure Equations 138 T a b l e II. Approximate Constants in logio Pmm =

a + M o g i o T + c\T 140 T a b l e I I I . V Z from Eq. (12) 143 T a b l e IV. Parameters in Single-Center Potential

Energy Functions, Eq. (1) 150 T a b l e V. Equations of State for Gases 151 T a b l e V I . Second Virial Coefficients in Mixtures 154

T a b l e V I I . Critical Constants 156 T a b l e V I I I . Densities of Liquids, Solids, and Saturated

V a p o r s ( T = °K, t = °C) 159 T a b l e I X . Correlation of Liquid Densities with T e m ­

perature for T < 0.8 T

c

L2

2

A - BT{°K) 166 T a b l e X . Isothermal Compressibilities of Liquids at

Approximately One Atmosphere 167 T a b l e X I . (0 log 0/0 log V)

P

s

at Atmospheric Pressure [u

s

s

(A u s l&t)t; t= °C] 174

T a b l e X I I I . Temperatures, Enthalpies, and Entropies of

Phase Transitions 176 T a b l e X I V . Viscosities of Liquids and Gases 182

T a b l e X V . Surface T e n s i o n of Liquids in D y n e s per C m 189 T a b l e X V I . Total Polarizabilities and First Ionization

Potentials of Fluorine-Containing Molecules 193 T a b l e X V I I . Refractive Index at Various Wavelengths

and Temperatures 195 T a b l e X V I I I . Bond Characteristics 196

T a b l e X I X . Values of Solubility Parameter for Fluoro­

carbons. Data from Tables V I I I and X I I I . . 198 xi

X i i L I S T O F T A B L E S

T a b l e X X . Mixtures Containing Fluorochemicals 2 0 0

T a b l e X X I . Azeotropes 2 0 4 T a b l e X X I I . Solutions of Iodine at 25°C 205

T a b l e X X I I I . Solubilities of Solids in Fluorocarbons 207 T a b l e X X I V . Solubilities of Gases in Fluorocarbons at One

Atmosphere Gas Pressure 212 T a b l e X X V . V o l u m e Change on M i x i n g Liquids 215

T a b l e X X V I . Heat Capacities of Gas, Liquid, and S o l i d . . 222 T a b l e X X V I I . Energies and Entropies of Formation at

298.16°K 227 T a b l e X X V I I I . Absolute Entropy 228

Chapter 3. Radiochemistry and Radiation Chemistry of Fluorine

T a b l e I. Fluorine Isotopes 238

T a b l e II. Preparation of F

17

T a b l e I I I . Preparation of F

18

T a b l e IV. Preparation of F

20

T a b l e V. Preparation of F

21

T a b l e V I . Preparation of Radioisotopes from F

19

18

20

18

Fluorides at R o o m Temperature 271 T a b l e X I I . Exchange Reaction with C3F6 272 T a b l e X I I I . Product Distributions Obtained in the

Oxidation of C3F6 U s i n g N a F and C s F as

Catalysts 2 7 4 T a b l e X I V . Fluoride Activation Analysis, F

19

20

T a b l e X V . Constants, Freundlich Isotherm Equation 279 T a b l e X V I . Polymerization of Fluorine-Containing

M o n o m e r s 286

Chapter 4. Industrial and Utilitarian Aspects of Fluorine Chemistry T a b l e I. Hydrofluoric A c i d U s a g e in the U n i t e d

States 300 T a b l e II. Production of Fluorocarbon Gases for Pro-

pellant and Refrigeration U s a g e — U n i t e d

States 3 0 0 T a b l e III. V o l u m e vs Selling Price for Commercial

Fluorine Chemicals for 1960 in the U n i t e d

States 300 T a b l e IV. B o n d Distances and B o n d Energies 303

T a b l e V. Surface T e n s i o n for Typical Fluorocarbon

C o m p o u n d s 306 T a b l e V I . Critical Surface T e n s i o n s ( y

c

Surfaces 308 T a b l e V I I . Exposure of F C - 7 5 to G a m m a and Electron

Radiation 311

L I S T O F T A B L E S X i i i T a b l e V I I I . Comparative Stability of Fluorocarbons and

Hydrocarbons to Radiation 311 T a b l e I X . Electrical Properties—Fluorocarbon Liquids

(25°C) 313 T a b l e X . Properties of Certain 12-Carbon Fluoro­

carbon C o m p o u n d s 3 1 4 T a b l e X I . T h e r m o d y n a m i c Properties of a Series of

Cyclic and N o r m a l Alkforanes 315 T a b l e X I I . Solubility Parameters for Selected S u b ­

stances 316 T a b l e X I I I . Fluorocarbon T y p e Refrigerant and Pro-

pellants of Major Commercial Importance. . 316 T a b l e X I V . Chlorine and Fluorine Derivatives of

M e t h a n e and Ethane 319 T a b l e X V . Comparison of Various Refrigerants 320

T a b l e X V I . Heat Values for Liquid and Vapor States for

Various Refrigerants 321 T a b l e X V I I . Operating Pressures for Various R e ­

frigerants 321 T a b l e X V I I I . Flammability and Explosive Properties of

Various Refrigerants 322 T a b l e X I X . Toxicity of Various Refrigerants 322

T a b l e X X . Properties of S o m e Dielectric Coolants. . . . 331 T a b l e X X I . Typical Properties of Heat Transfer Liquids

U s e d in Electrical Applications 332 T a b l e X X I I . Solubilities Relationships for Fluorocarbon

Fluids, F C - 7 5 and F C - 4 3 333 T a b l e X X I I I . Solubility of Various Gases in F C - 7 5 334

T a b l e X X I V . Effect of F C - 7 5 o n Metals, Plastics, and

Elastomers 338 T a b l e X X V . M a x i m u m Heat Flux Values for Dielectric

Fluids 339 T a b l e X X V I . T h e r m a l Conductivity of F C - 7 5 and F C - 4 3

in Liquid and Vapor States 342 T a b l e X X V I I . Physical Properties of Fluorocarbon Gases

and Sulfur Hexafluoride 347 T a b l e X X V I I I . Comparison of Dielectric Strengths of Air

and Sulfur Hexafluoride with Different

Electrode Configurations 348 T a b l e X X I X . Electronic Character of Selected E l e m e n t s . . 348

T a b l e X X X . Comparison of the Extinguishing Power of M e t h y l Bromide, Nitrogen, and Carbon

D i o x i d e 355 T a b l e X X X I . Fire Extinguishing Agents for n - H e p t a n e -

Air 356 T a b l e X X X I I . Extinguishment of W h i t e F u m i n g Nitric

Acid and JP-3 Liquid Fuels 358 T a b l e X X X I I I . Typical Properties of Standard " K E L - F "

Brand ( C T F E ) Oils and Waxes 360 T a b l e X X X I V . Typical Properties. Fluorocarbon Fluids F S

1265 366

xiv

Table X X X V . M i n i m u m Surface T e n s i o n Values in Water

for Substituted Fluorocarbon Surfactants. . 370

T a b l e X X X V I . Typical Fluorocarbon Surfactants 380 T a b l e X X X V I I . Classification of Textile Fibers 397 T a b l e X X X V I I I . Average Moisture Regain of Various

Fibers 398 T a b l e X X X I X . Composition of Liquid Mixtures for the

Standard Oil Repellency T e x t 403 T a b l e X L . Repellency Properties of a Cotton Print

Cloth W h i c h Is Treated with a Series of

Substituted Polyacrylates 405 T a b l e X L I . Commerical Drycleaning Resistance of

Various Water Repellents 414 T a b l e X L I I . Durability of Water Repellents 415 T a b l e X L I I I . Performance of F C - 1 4 6 Treated C o w h i d e

Leather vs Untreated 423 Table X L I V . Typical F C - 8 0 5 Treating Solution 427

T a b l e X L V . Stability of F C - 8 0 5 Solutions as a Function

of Temperature 428 Table X L V I . T y p e of Pulp 432 T a b l e X L V I L Oil Resistance of Polyethylene—Paper

Laminates 4 4 0 T a b l e X L V I I I . Weight Loss of T F E at Various T e m ­

peratures 443 T a b l e X L I X . Typical Mechanical Properties of Polytetra-

fluoroethylene at 25°C 4 4 4 Table L. Effect of Temperature on Properties of T F E

Resins 4 4 4 Table L I . Electrical Properties of Polytetrafluoroethy-

lene at 25°C 445 Table L I I. Effect of Radiation of Properties of Poly-

tetrafluoroethylene 445 Table L I 11. Commercially Available Forms of Polytetra-

fluoroethylene 4 4 7 T a b l e L I V . Typical Mechanical Properties of Poly-

chlorotrifluoroethylene at 25 °C 450 Table L V . Variation in Mechanical Properties of Poly-

chlorotrifluoroethylene as a Function of

Temperature 452 T a b l e L V I . Water Vapor Transmission of Various

Plastics 453 Table L V I I. Electrical Properties of C T F E H o m o p o l y m e r

at 25°C 455 T a b l e L V I I I . Classification of Commerical Polychloro-

trifluoroethylene H o m o p o l y m e r 455 T a b l e L I X . Chemical Resistance of Chlorotrifluoroethy-

lene H o m o p o l y m e r 456 T a b l e L X . Effect of Radiation on P o l y - C T F E (50 K V

X-radiation at 1 0 ~

6

Table L X I . Mechanical Properties of Polyvinylidene

Fluoride at 25°C 460

L I S T O F T A B L E S XV T a b l e L X I I . Electrical Properties of Polyvinylidene

Fluoride at 25 °C 460 T a b l e L X I I I. Comparison of Properties of Poly T F E and

the Copolymer of Tetrafluoroethylene and

Hexafluoropropylene ( F E P ) 462 T a b l e L X I V . Properties of Copolymers of Vinylidene

Fluoride and Chlorotrifluoroethylene 463 T a b l e L X V . G u m Properties of T y p e s 3700 and 5500

C H 2 C F 2 and C F 2 C F C I Copolymer Elasto­

mers 468 T a b l e L X V I . Curing Systems for T y p e s 3700 and 5500

C H 2 C F 2 and C F 2 C F C I Copolymer Elasto­

mers 4 7 0 T a b l e L X V I I . Chemical Resistance of C H 2 C F 2 and

C F 2 C F C I Copolymer Elastomer Vulcanized 471 T a b l e L X V I I I . Typical Raw G u m Properties of C

3

6

C H 2 C F 2 Copolymer Elastomers 4 7 2 Table L X I X . General Purpose Formula and Properties for

C

3

6

3

6

Elastomers in Vulcanized State, Polyamine

Cure (seven-day immersion) 475 T a b l e L X X I . Properties of Fluorosilicone Rubber 476 T a b l e L X X I I. Solvent Resistance of Fluorosilicone

Elastomer 477 T a b l e L X X I I I . Characteristics of 1, 1,-Dihydroper-

fluorobutyl Acrylate Elastomer 478 T a b l e L X X I V . Chemical Resistance of 1, 1,-Dihydroper-

fluorobutyl Acrylate Elastomer 478 T a b l e L X X V . Liberation of Heat during Oxidation Pro­

cesses 481 T a b l e L X X V I . Theoretical Performance of S o m e Liquid

Propellants 4 8 2 T a b l e L X X V I I. Theoretical Performance of Fluorine with

Various Fuels 484 T a b l e L X X V I I I . Comparison of Theoretical Performances of

Fluorine and Oxygen with Various F u e l s . . . . 484 T a b l e L X X I X . Heats of Formation of Several Light Metal

Oxides and Fluorides 487 T a b l e L X X X . Comparison of Physical Properties 488