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(Keywords: pig production, economics, Salinomycin-Na, Croatia)
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(Schlüsselwörter: Schweinemast, Ökonomie, Salinomycin-Na, Kroatien)
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Salinomycin-Na is used as a nutritive antibiotic in swine nutrition. As a supplement it prevents the development of pathogenic gut microflora, reduces the quantity of fodder consumed, protects symbiotic microorganisms and makes their growth and reproduction possible. Furthermore it stimulates digestion, and accelerates the adsorption and distribution of nutrients and energy. The level of stimulating effect attained in its use depends on several factors. Age is recognised as an important factor and applied in younger animals nutrition antibiotic has higher efficiency. 7KDOHUDQG:KHDYHV (1993) reported a 15% increase in piglet gain for 2.4% better conversion. Moreover, environmental hygieneand the general health condition of animals are also important.
The positive influence of Salinomycin-Na in swine feeding was confirmed by 6FKHXUPDQQ (1992) and 6DORELUHWDO. (1994, 1996). Investigations by 'H:LOGH (1991) and .UDOLN HW DO(1998) showed improved growth, but also a tendency for lower fat deposition associated with greater leannessof carcasses at concentrations from 15/30 ppm to 60/30 ppm Salinomycin-Na.
The objective of this investigation was to determine the influence of Salinomycin- Na on farm revenues. The market values of swine carcasses were estimated according to the (S)EUROP system (Pravilnik N.N. 79/95).
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The investigation was conducted on 150 swine divided into three groups. The first group was given a control treatment (without antibiotic). The treatment for the second group had a ratio of 30/15 ppm Salinomycin-Na and that for the third group 50/25 ppm Salinomycin-Na. All groups received ration ST-1 (16.5 % crude protein and 13.42 MJ/kg ME) from live weight 28 kg up to live weight 60 kg. From the weight of 61 kg up to the end of production ration ST-2, balanced at a level of 14.2% crude protein and 13.27 MJ/kg ME, was used.
The fattening period lasted 91 days for all groups. On the slaughter line the weights of the warm carcasses, together with back fat thickness with skin in mm, were measured
at the point where 0XVFXOXVJOXWHXVPHGLXVentered the back fat at the most (point S).
Measurements also included loin muscle depthin mm and the shortest connection of 0XVFXOXVJOXWHXVPHGLXVwith the dorsalspinaledge (point M).
Estimation of the quantity of muscle tissue was calculated according to the following mathematical expression:
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The carcasses were classified into (S)EUROP classes according to estimated proportion of muscle tissue. After classification into commercial classes the efficiency of Salinomycin-Na in pig production was determined by comparing the results for the experimental groups with those for the control group.
All prices are in Croatian kuna (kn), the current exchange rate being 1 EUR=7.5921 kn (July 7, 1999). Statistical procedures were performed using SPSS for Windows 6.1.
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Salinomycin-Na applied in higher concentration (50/25 ppm) changed the distribution of commercial classes in comparison to the control group. The number of animals in classes E and U increased and the number of animals in class R decreased. Changes in the group with lower concentration (30/15 ppm) were marginal: only one animal fewer in class E and one animal more in class R, with the same number of animals in class U ()LJXUH).
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The application of Salinomycin-Na increased farm revenue by 2.77 and 8.56 EUR for each fattened animal in groups two and three respectively. This increase of 2.89% for the
lower and 8.90% for the higher concentration was due to changes in two factors: higher final weight and greater leanness of the carcasses in both experimental groups (7DEOH).
The equation for multiple regression was
R[kn] = -762.709573 + 8.036390 Fw + 14.611258 y, R square being 0.99889.
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SSP Fw–final weight [kg](1) 93.02±4.51 D 95.41±5.24 E 98.28±6.94 F Cw–carcass weight [kg] (2) 73.52±4.10 D 75.67±4.44 E 78.06±6.20 F y–quantity of muscle tissue [%] (3) 50.99±2.35 D 51,19±2.41 D 52.55±2.22 E R–market value of slaughtered animal [EUR](4) 96.18±6.52 D 98.96±6.04 D 104.74±8.78 E
* Average values are always shown with std. deviation. Means with the same letter are not statistically different according to Fisher’s protected LSD test (PÊ0.05). 'HU 'XUFKVFKQLWWVZHUW]HLJWLPPHU6WDQGDUGDEZHLFKXQJHQ*OHLFKHQ%XFKVWDEHQEHGHXWHQ GDVVNHLQH6LJQLILNDQ]YRUKDQGHQLVW]XGHP/6'7HVWYRQ)LVKHU
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Taking into consideration the price of Grosal (containing 12% Salinomycin-Na), at 43 kn per kg, increase in the unit price of fodder for the experimental treatments was marginal, from 0.25% for the lowest concentration up to 0.79% for the highest concentration (7DEOH).
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ST 1 ratio (1) 0.30 +0.48% +0.79%
ST 2 ratio 0.28 +0.25% +0.42%
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The total cost of the fodder consumed for the first and the second phase of fattening and for the whole fattening period is shown in 7DEOH . The moderate increase in the unit price of fodder for both experimental groups, combined with better conversion, resulted in increases in fodder costs of only 1.41 % for group 2 and 3.32 % for group 3.
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SSP Ration ST 1 (1) 30.07 (100) 30.58 (101.72) 30.23 ( 98.84) Ration ST 2 32.26 (100) 32.63 (101.12) 35.08 (107.51) Total 62.33 (100) 63.21 (101.41) 65.31 (103.32) Control group=100
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The use of Salinomycin-Na in the form of Grosal at a concentration of 50/25 ppm proved economically viable. It is possible to achieve an increase in gross margin after feed costs of 5 %. An even lower ratio of Salinomycin-Na (30/15 ppm) increased the gross margin after feed costs, but only by 1.5%.
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Salinomycin-Na applied in higher concentration (50/25 ppm) changed the distribution of commercial classes in comparison to the control group. The number of animals in classes E and U increased and the number of animals in class R decreased. Changes in the group with lower concentration (30/15 ppm) were marginal.
The application of Salinomycin-Na increased farm revenue by 2.89% for the lower and 8.90% for the higher concentration. This was due to changes in two factors: higher final weight and greater leanness of the carcasses. In addition, the increase in the unit price of fodder for the experimental treatments was marginal, from 0.25% for the lowest concentration up to 0.79% for the highest concentration.
The use of Salinomycin-Na in the form of Grosal at a concentration of 50/25 ppm proved economically viable. It is possible to achieve an increase in gross margin after feed costs of 5%. An even lower ratio of Salinomycin-Na (30/15 ppm) increased the gross margin after feed costs, but only by 1.5%.
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AQRQ\PRXV 3UDYLOQLN R XWYU LYDQMX WUJRYDþNLK NDWHJRULMD L NODVD VYLQMVNLK trupova i polovica. Narodne Novine 79.
DeWilde, R.O. (1991). Comparison of Virginiamycin and Salinomycin as growth promoters in growing-fattening pigs. Dtsch. Tierärztl. Wschr., 91. 22-24.
.UDOLN*0DOWDU='RPMDQRYLü9.XãHF*8þLQNRYLWRVW*URVDODXWRYX svinja. Krmiva 40. 6. 329-335.
.XãHF * ,VWUDåLYDQMH SULQRVD PHVD VYLQMD UD]OLþLWH JHQHWVNH RVQRYH 0DVWHUV thesis, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb.
Scheurmann, S.E. (1992). Untersuchungen der Reduktion N-Ausscheidung und zur Einsparung von Futterprotein durch Salinomycin Na beim wachsenden Schwein.
Die Mühle und Mischfuttertecnik 129. 36. 497-499.
Salobir et al. (1994). Utjecaj antibiotika Salinomycin-Na (Grosal) kao dodatka u tovu svinja. Rukopis 1-10, Biotehniška fakulteta Univerze v Ljubljani.
6DORELU.6DORELU-äJXU6âNHUMDQHF0âWUXNOHF0)DMGLJD0(IIHFW of zinc-bacitracin (Nubatrin) and Salinomycin (Grosal) on the performance, carcass traits and meat characteristics of fattening pigs. Krmiva, 38. 1. 3-10.
Thaler, R.C., Wheaves, E.M. (1993). Dietary management in pigs. Food and Animal Practice. W.B. Sanader Company, London, 278-285.
Corresponding author ($GUHVVH):
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Josip Juraj Strossmayer University, Faculty of Agriculture HR-31000 Osijek, Trg Sv. Trojstva 3. Croatia
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Tel.: +385 31 224 200 Fax: +385 31 207 017 e-mail: istefani@os.tel.hr
