III./4.2. The classification of epileptic seizure forms
Understanding the classification of epileptic seizures is the first step on the way to a correct diagnosis and an appropriate therapy. In 1981, the International League Against Epilepsy developed a classification of epilepsies for clinical use. This system was modified in 1989. Because of modern neuroimaging and genetic research, it became necessary to modify this classification. The new classification system is soon to be accepted.
Epileptic seizures can be provoked by certain triggers in any individual, not only in people with epilepsy. The diagnosis of epilepsy requires the occurrence of at least two unprovoked seizures. An epilepsy syndrome is a condition that involves specific clinical symptoms and signs appearing together.
Basic principles of classifying epilepsy Localisation
1. Focal seizures anatomically: frontal, central, occipital, temporal
2. Generalized seizures 3. Non-classifiable
Etiology
1. Idiopathic epilepsy: genetic factors play a role in its
generation, there is no detectable structural damage and patients do not have any other neurological symptoms.
2. Symptomatic epilepsy: structural damage can be detected.
3. Cryptogenic epilepsy: presumably symptomatic epilepsy, but there is no detectable structural damage. Recently, this has been referred to as “probably symptomatic.”
Age
1. Neonate 2. Childhood 3. Adolescence 4. Adult
Provoked seizures 1. Febrile seizures
2. Acute toxic conditions (drugs, metabolic) 3. Alcohol withdrawal
4. Eclampsia
Fig. 2 shows the classification of epileptic seizures.
Fig.2: Classification of epileptic seizures
