THEAGRICULTURALSYSTEM OF THE ARMENIȘ TOWNSHIP, CARAȘ SEVERIN COUNTY
SIMONA NIȚĂ1,LUCIAN DUMITRU NIȚĂ1,CASIANA MIHUȚ1,ELISABETA KOCIS1, LILIANA PANAITESCU2,MARIUS LUNGU2
1Banat University Of Agricultural Sciences And Veterinary Medicine
”King Mihai I” From Timişoara Calea Aradului Nr. 119 Timișoara, Romania
2Universitatea Ovdius Constanța, Romania suveti_s@yahoo.com
ABSTRACT
The purpose of this paperwork is to present a common agriculture in Armeniș with the land, crop structure and companies in the agriculture of the village, soil types and subtypes of the Armeniș township area, environmental factors that influence these traits, the study of important processes and soils of the area.
The objectives of this study were to present the agricultural system and the improvement of the city and its possibilities. In the context of a perpetue changing agriculture we must always watch the opportunities that appear all the times. EU founds and programs are at ours hand, we just need a good implement of this agricultural programs in field, because otherwise we will loose the money who are so needed in this part of country. As research materials and methods were field observations, discussions with farmers and agricultural engineers from Armeniș township.
The results obtained were identified agro-zootechnical systems with opportunities for improvement.
Key words: Soil, Armeniș, Agriculture, Agricultural Systems, Land Fund
INTRODUCTION
In the context of the national economy, the agriculture represents a branch of great importance, ment to contribute to a large extent to the relaunch of economic growth in our country. it is necessary to operate some fundamental transformations of the agricultural structure, of the technical-material base, within the agricultural expliotation organization, which should ensure the practice of a modern agriculture and its inclusion in the general strategy for the Romanian economy’s transition to a market economy. Agriculture is now of great interest all around the world, no matter of the economic development level.
Nowadays, the most economically developed countries are also the greatest producers and exporters of agricultural products. As a basic branch of our national economy, agriculture is an esepcially complex and complicated activity field. The complexity of agriculture, as a branch of the material production, of the national economy, is determined by the role of agriculture in economic development and its technical, economical and social particularities, which enable a specific manifestation of the general economic rules with regards to agriculture.
MATERIAL AND METHOD
The study was made based on field research and documentation. For the elaboration of the present paper, we used data obtained from MADR and INSSE. The share of agriculture within Romania’s economy decreased constantly since 1990 (the decrease rhythm being
RESULTS
The Armeniş village is a township centre and comprises: 466 buildings, 378 households and 1226 stable inhabitants. The villages included in the township are: Satul Bătrân with:
130 buildings, 108 households and 376 inhabitants; Sub Marginea with: 87 buildings, 61 households and 200 inhabitants, Feneş with: 237 buildings, 203 households and 581 inhabitants and the village Plopu with: 35 buildings (mostly bowers), 5 households and 6 inhabitants.
The potato is largely cultivated and a special attention is given to animal feed, hay, clover and lucerne. Of the fruit trees, apples and plums are predominantly cultivated. We encounter apple breeds such as: the Jonathan, maşancul, botul oii etc. Summer plums are used for the production of „răchie” (plum brandy) but we encounter other breeds as well.
Vine cultivation is poorly developed (cultivated only in yards or along the bowers), not facilitated by the climate. A part of the fruit and potato products are used in the household and the rest is sold in the markets in Caransebeş, Timişoara, Lugoj and Reşiţa or are exchanged for other agricultural products which are not cultivated in the area.
The agricultural surface (ha), respectively: plough land, grass land, meadow land, vineyards and orchards 3,143- surface total, in ha of the agricultural area, no matter the land property form.
Another occupation of the Armeniş people is animal breeding: cows, horses, sheep, pigs and fowl. Lately, a decrease in animal number is observed, determined by the very low demand and price of these products.
Aside from these ancestral occupations, another income source are craftmanships like:
carpentry, smithery, tailory.
Agricultural surface
Table 1. Land usage categories in the Armeniș township 2009
Categories 2009 (ha)
Plough land 806
Meadow land 2156
Orchards 375
Grass land 1474.7
Figure 1. Agricultural surfaces on usage categories 2009
Table 2. Usage categories in the Armeniș township 2010
Categories 2010 (ha)
Plough land 806
Meadow land 2156
Orchards 375
Grass land 1474
Figure 2. Agricultural surface on usage categories 2010
Table 3. Land usage categories in the Armeniș township 2011
Categories 2011 (ha)
Plough land 806
Meadow land 2156
Orchards 375
Grass land 1474
Figure 3. Agricultural surface on usage categories 2011
Figure 4. Agricultural surface on usage categories 2012
. Table 5. Crop structure in the Armeniș village
CROPS: Surface ha
Potatoes 335
Corn 260
Wheat 12
Fodder 199
Figure 5. Crop structure in the Armeniș village (Area of potato, corn, wheat and forage plants)
Table 6. Animal live stock in the Armeniș village
ANIMALS Number
Cattle 807
Sheep 2813
Horse 325
Swine 1356
Fowl 6569
Bees 458
Figure 6. Animal live stock in the Armeniș village (Number of cattle, sheep, horse, pig, fowl, bees)
Table 7. Agricultural equipment park from the Armeniș village
EQUIPMENT Number
Tractors 287
Mowing machines 225
Ploughs with 2 bottoms 85 Ploughs with 3 bottoms 150 Ploughs trac. animala 145 Potato planting machines 5
Harvesters 3
Standing threshing machines 3
Figure 7. Agricultural equipment park from the Armeniș village
(Number of tractors, mowing machines, ploughs 2, plough 3, plough trac. Animala, potato planting machine, harvesters, standing threshing machine)
carried out with a poor efficiency.
Animal breeds, cattle, sheep, swine and fowl, with variable live stock in individual households completed the local activity range.
However, due to difficult application processes for projects in this sector, financing is yet to be expected.
The only real possibilities to develop agriculture in this area are to get a good price from selling potatoes and animal and fruit products as well as their derivatives.
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