• Nem Talált Eredményt

Phase

The definition of the social innovation potential is related to the first phase of the social innovation process (Situation Analysis).

Objective

The definition of our model is justified because, at different levels, these are the abilities and potentials that create the opportunity for the creation of social innovations. In our opinion, the analysis of the social innovation potential can be put into practice in the course of the logical process illustrated in Fig. 18.

Fig. 18 Logical phases in determining the social innovation potential Source: Authors’ own elaboration (based on Kocziszky e al., 2017)

95 Steps

In order to determine the potential indicators, we first picked three factors: input, output and impact factors. This breakdown makes it clear that quantitative and qualitative indicators need to be interpreted at several points in the process during the creation and operation of social innovation, thus increasing the complexity of measurement. Requirements for indicators:

- the indicators should reflect the actual situation, - they should be sufficiently focused,

- they should be relevant to the problem under investigation, - they should ensure consistent applicability,

- their accessibility should not prevent measurement, - they should be clear in all situations,

- they should allow respecting timeliness,

- the cost of identifying the potential for social innovation should be of manageable magnitude,

- they should reduce the risk of circumvention.

Term of use

In the case of indicators that do not point in one direction, the indicators are reciprocated. Sources that can be used for each step in the process: literature, the findings of empirical research, EU documents, Central Statistical Office of Hungary (CSO), Eurostat, NAV, ORFK, TEIR databases, local governments, and company records. As in addition to the measurability of the indicators, their comparability also needs to be ensured, it is necessary to normalise the indicators in each indicator group in order to make the data of the different scales comparable with each other.

After the calculation of the average of the normalised data in all three groups of indicators, the complex indicator for measuring the social innovation potential can be determined from the arithmetic average of the three groups of indicators. With regard to the complex indicator measuring the social innovation and its components, the territorial differences in the indicators can be analysed with the help of the Gini index, and the Hoover index is suitable for measuring territorial inequalities (Major-Nemes Nagy, 1999).

Visualisation

The indicators are named according to the indicator structure, as this allows the measuring of the characteristics related to the innovation potential to be analysed at the regional or even national level. The possible structure of each indicator group is presented in Table 27, Table 28 and Table 29.

96

Solutions for measuring the potential of social innovation already exist in the European Union, however, in Hungary this type of measurement is not regularly performed, thus the elaborated measurement methodology may offer an opportunity for such measures at the defined levels. Naturally, the number of indicators in the different indicator groups can be increased or decreased for a given study, depending on the given situation or the available data. However, it is important to make it clear that the requirements for the methodology need to be met.

The solution described below (SIIOI) is a general method, one version of which is the measurement described in Chapter IV 4.

The input indicators integrate four areas: the institutional system, site factors, human conditions, and activity. By quantifying them, a complex picture can be given of the position that provides the initial state of affairs for the creation of social innovation, so that the priority role of the above-mentioned human creativity and resources is given due weight.

Table 27 Input indicators (SI-I-OI) Ser.

nr. Factors Indicators

1 Institutional system

- number of cooperating partners

- number of civil society organisations per 10,000 inhabitants

2 Site factors

- number of operating enterprises per 1000 inhabitants - number of non-profit enterprises per 1000 inhabitants - business termination rate

3 Human conditions

- ratio of children to the total population

- number of elderly people per one hundred children - population pyramid

- activity rate - dependency rate

- average number of schoolyears completed 4 Activity - activity related to tenders

- social activity

Source: Authors’ own elaboration (based on Kocziszky et al., 2017 and Veresné Somosi and Balaton, 2021)

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With the help of the output indicators, a comprehensive picture can be drawn of how and to what extent the establishment of social innovations has boosted the respective innovation potential in the given organisation/settlement/district/county, and the progress made in the field of its social innovation capabilities. The outcomes that ensure the sustainability of social innovation can be measured and identified in the areas of education, health, employment, housing, social capital and networks, and the cultural and social environment, which may ensure the renewal and long-term effectiveness of society.

Table 28 Output indicators (SII-O-I) Ser.

nr. Factors Indicators

1 Economic

- number of tenders awarded - amount of funds drawn down - number of local products - number of social co-operatives

- ratio of unemployed people involved in public works to the total population aged 15-64

- amount paid per capita

2 Cultural

- number of traditionalist folk events - number of traditionalist folk organisations

- ratio of participants in cultural events to 1000 people - number of community tasks

3 Social

- number of segregations

- number of people living in segregation

- number of recipients of social care social meals per 1000 inhabitants

- number of recipients of social meals per 1000 inhabitants - unemployment rate

4 Health

- number of people with chronic diseases - number of addicts

- patients per general practitioner and paediatrician Source: Authors’ own elaboration (based on Kocziszky et al., 2017 and Veresné

Somosi and Balaton, 2021)

The impact indicators already show how the expansion of the implemented social innovation(s) at the analysed level affects change in the social conditions, developments in family relations, the population’s sense of security, the current state of social infrastructure and the living and environmental conditions.

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Table 29 Impact indicators (SIIO-I) Ser.

nr. Factors Indicators

1 Social conditions

- income per inhabitant - life expectancy

- ratio of people aged 70 and over with a primary school education

2 Family relationships - ratio of single-person households

- ratio of families with three or more children 3 Sense of security - number of registered crimes per 1000 inhabitants

- detection rate

4 Social infrastructure - the number of beds per 1000 inhabitants in institutions providing long-term residential accommodation

5 Living conditions

- poverty index

- ratio of taxpayers earning in the income bracket of HUF 0-1 million

6 Environmental conditions

- ecological footprint

- ratio of regularly cleaned public space

Source: Authors’ own elaboration (based on Kocziszky et al., 2017 and Veresné Somosi and Balaton, 2021)

Findings

For the calculation of the complex indicator, after the normalisation of the individual indicators, the indicator of social innovation potential can be determined on the basis of the arithmetic average of the average of the factors.

The input, output, impact and complex indicators is determined in Chapter IV 4 in the examined counties (Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén and Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg counties), and the cartographic representation of them is presented in Chapter VII.